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Ecology and risks of the global plastisphere as a newly expanding microbial habitat

The Innovation 2024年第1期5卷 49-58页

作者： Changchao Li Michael RGillings Chao Zhang Qinglin Chen Dong Zhu Jie Wang Kankan Zhao Qicheng Xu Polly Hangmei leung Xiangdong Li Jian Liu Ling Jin Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina Environment Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution City University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology Faculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research StationInstitute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation College of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Health Technology and Informatics and Research Institute for Future Food The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China

Plastic offers a new niche for microorganisms,the *** everincreasing emission of plastic waste makes it critical to understand the microbial ecology of the plastisphere and associated ***,we present a global fingerprint of the plastisphere,analyzing samples collected from freshwater,seawater,and terrestrial *** plastisphere assembles a distinct microbial community that has a clearly higher heterogeneity and a more deterministically dominated assembly compared to natural *** coexistence patterns—loose and fragile networks with mostly specialist linkages among microorganisms that are rarely found in natural habitats—are seen in the *** microbiomes generally have a great potential to metabolize organic compounds,which could accelerate carbon *** involved in the nitrogen cycle are also altered in the plastisphere,especially in freshwater plastispheres,where a high abundance of denitrifiers may increase the release of nitrite(aquatic toxicant)and nitrous oxide(greenhouse gas).Enrichment of animal,plant,and human pathogens means that the plastisphere could become an increasingly mobile reservoir of harmful *** findings highlight that if the trajectory of plastic emissions is not reversed,the expanding plastisphere could pose critical planetary health challenges.

关键词： reservoir mostly habitat

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Advancements in Web3 Infrastructure for the Metaverse

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ZTE Communications 2024年第2期22卷 1-2页

作者： Victor C.M.leung CAI Wei the Artificial Intelligence Research Institute Shenzhen MSU-BIT University Shenzhen MSU-BIT University Shenzhen University the Wireless Networks and Mobile Systems(WiNMoS)Laboratory at UBC the School of Science and Engineering at The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen the Human-Crypto Society Laboratory the CUHK(SZ)White Matrix Joint Metaverse Laboratory

Web3,also known as Web 3.0,has recently been attracting increasing attention from industry and *** the potential of blockchain technologies,Web3 has emerged as a pivotal foundation in the realm of metaverse development,which is considered by many as the next-generation ***,Web3 technologies such as smart contracts and protocols like non-fungible tokens(NFTs)have supported the immersive and content-rich experience of current Web3 metaverse projects.

关键词： Web token attracting

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Pharmacological Investigation on the Qi-Invigorating Action of Schisandrin B: Effects on Mitochondrial ATP Generation in Multiple Tissues and Innate/Adaptive Immunity in Mice

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Chinese Medicine 2024年第2期15卷 15-26页

作者： Hoi Yan leung Suen Chit Sze Kam Ming Ko Division of Life Science Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Hong Kong SAR China

Schisandrae Fructus, containing schisandrin B (Sch B) as its main active component, is recognized in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for its Qi-invigorating properties in the five visceral organs. Our laboratory has shown that the Qi-invigorating action of Chinese tonifying herbs is linked to increased mitochondrial ATP generation and an enhancement in mitochondrial glutathione redox status. To explore whether Sch B can exert Qi-invigorating actions across various tissues, we investigated the effects of Sch B treatment on mitochondrial ATP generation and glutathione redox status in multiple mouse tissues ex vivo. In line with TCM theory, which posits that Zheng Qi generation relies on the Qi function of the visceral organs, we also examined Sch B’s impact on natural killer cell activity and antigen-induced splenocyte proliferation, both serving as indirect measures of Zheng Qi. Our findings revealed that Sch B treatment consistently enhanced mitochondrial ATP generation and improved mitochondrial glutathione redox status in mouse tissues. This boost in mitochondrial function was associated with stimulated innate and adaptive immune responses, marked by increased natural killer cell activity and antigen-induced T/B cell proliferation, potentially through the increased generation of Zheng Qi.

关键词： Zheng Qi Schisandrin B Mitochondria ATP Generation Glutathione Redox Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity Natural Killer Cell Activity Splenocyte Proliferation

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Ventral corporal reinforcement using a pericardium allograft(Tutoplast®)in a patient undergoing urethrectomy procedure with an inflatable penile prosthesis in place:A case report

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UroPrecision 2024年第2期2卷 58-61页

作者： Mohammed Mahdi Shannon leung Curtis Pettaway Run Wang Department of Surgery Division of UrologyMcGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Urology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA

Background:Erectile dysfunction is a common consequence following radical cystectomy(RC),with inflatable penile prostheses(IPPs)placement considered as the gold standard for refractory *** recurrence post-RC necessitates urethrectomy,which poses challenges for patients with an IPP in *** thinning of the ventral tunica albuginea during urethrectomy may increase the risk of corporal disruption and IPP cylinder aneurysm,affecting device *** case report introduces a novel surgical technique using Tutoplast,a human-derived pericardium allograft,for corporal reinforcement during urethrectomy in the presence of an in-situ ***:A 74-year-old male,with a history of robotic-assisted RC and IPP presented with recurrent bleeding per *** revealed urethral *** patient underwent total urethrectomy which resulted in significant thinning of the ventral tunica *** prevent device aneurysm or mechanical failure,a Tutoplast graft was used intraoperatively to reinforce the thinned *** was followed up six months ***:Final pathology showed urethral high-grade papillary urothelial ***,the patient exhibited smooth recovery,with normal IPP functionality up to the 6-month follow-up *** Tutoplast has been used in other settings,its application in preventing IPP malfunction posturethrectomy is a unique ***:Corporal reinforcement using Tutoplast during urethrectomy in patients with an existing IPP presents a simple and cost-effective solution to mitigate the risks of corporal disruption and IPP cylinder *** positive outcomes demonstrated in this case report warrant further studies on larger patient populations and longer follow-up periods to assess the longterm outcomes of this technique.

关键词： erectile urethral urooncology

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A joint computational-experimental study of intracranial aneurysms:Importance of the aspect ratio

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2016年第3期28卷 462-472页

作者： Simon sui-Man LAI Abraham Yik-Sau TANG Anderson Chun-On TSANG Gilberto Ka-Kit leung Alfred Cheuk-Hang YU kwok Wing CHOW Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Department of Surgery Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Ontario Canada

Rupture of a cerebral aneurysm （abnormal swelling of blood vessel in the brain） will cause subarachnoid hemorrhage, and will result in an alarming rate of mortality and morbidity. A joint computational-experimental study is conducted to assess the importance of the aspect ratio in the dynamics of blood flow. The aspect ratio is defined here to be the ratio of the height of the aneurysm to the linear dimension of the neck. Idealized models of such aneurysms located near a bifurcation point were investigated. Numerical simulations for hemodynamic properties like shear stress and flow rate were performed. The computational results were verified experimentally with specially fabricated phantoms, blood mimicking fluid and Doppler ultrasound imaging. Excellent agreements were obtained. Two features are highlighted, providing information in the intensely debated link between rupture risk and geometric factors. On increasing the aspect ratios, firstly, a jet impinging on the distal part of the neck can be observed, and secondly, a region of positive shear stress gradient can be found there. Furthermore, computational analyses for four patient-specific models were conducted to correlate with the results of idealized models and to provide further clinical insight.

关键词： intracranial aneurysms aspect ratio Doppler ultrasound

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Structural, densitometric and biomechanical evaluations of Chinese patients with long-term bisphosphonate treatment

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Chinese Medical Journal 2013年第1期126卷 27-33页

作者： leung kwok-sui TANG Ning James Griffith CHOY Tak-Kee HUNG Vivian Wing-Yin MOK Hoi-Wa SHI Lin leung Ping-Chung CHEUNG Wing-Hoi Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology and Bone Quality and Health Center The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China The Jockey Club Center for Osteoporosis Care and Control The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China Orthopaedic Research Laboratory of Translational MedicineResearch and Development Center Institute of Biomedical andHealth Engineering Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences China

Background The association of long-term bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis and related safety problems such as atypical fractures were not clearly defined. This study was to evaluate the structural, densitometric and biomechanical properties of the prolonged bisphosphonate-loaded bones. Methods Bone mineral density （BMD） at hip and femoral midshaft, bone cross-sectional area, moment of inertia of both femurs, bone formation and resorption biochemical markers were compared between 28 elderly with at least 4 years of bisphosphonate treatment from 2002 through 2006 and age-matched group of 37 elderly. Results The total hip BMD and t-score were found not different between two groups. However, bisphosphonate treated patients were found to have significantly lower bone mineral content in the femoral shaft （P 〈0.05）; morphological study showed lower cross-sectional area in subtrochanteric and mid-diaphyseal region and thus significantly lower moment of inertia （P 〈0.01）. High resolution-peripheral quantitative computed tomography showed significantly decreased trabeculardensity, bone volume ratio, trabecular number but increased trabecular spacing in tibia and distal radius. Finite element analysis further confirmed significantly lower stiffness and failure load in tibia. Biochemical studies also showed lower bone resorption and severely suppressed bone formation activity （P 〈0.001）. Conclusions The unchanged total hip BMD between two groups confirmed the beneficial effects of bisphosphonate on trabecular bone, thus preventing osteoporotic fractures at large in previous studies. However, the inferior structural, densitometric and biomechanical properties at cortical bones, especially femur midshaft, need a special attention to look into the association between long-term bisphosphonate intake and the occurrence of stress fractures. When patients taking bisphosphonate complain of proximal thigh pain or discomfort, plain X-ray film can be the first line screening. All

关键词： bisphosphonate bone mineral density moment of inertia HR-pQCT cortical bone

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Individual consistency in spatiotemporal characteristics of migratory Whimbrels in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway

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AVIAN RESEARCH 2024年第3期15卷 308-315页

作者： An, Siwei Kuang, Fenliang Wu, Wei Hassell, Chris J. Coleman, Jonathan T. Gao, Zijing Sun, Xuena Yuan, Yue Maglio, Grace leung, Kar-Sin K. Feng, Xuesong Ma, Zhijun Fudan Univ Inst Biodivers Sci Sch Life Sci Minist EducKey Lab Biodivers Sci & Ecol EngnCoa Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Yunnan Minzu Univ Sch Chem & Environm Kunming 650504 Peoples R China Shanghai Chongming Dongtan Nat Reserve Adm Ctr Shanghai 202183 Peoples R China Global Flyway Network POB 3089 Broome WA 6725 Australia Australasian Wader Studies Grp Broome WA 6725 Australia Queensland Wader Study Grp Shailer Pk Qld 4128 Australia Hong Kong Waterbirds Ringing Grp Hong Kong 999077 Peoples R China

Many migratory birds exhibit interannual consistency in migration schedules, routes and stopover sites. Detecting the interannual consistency in spatiotemporal characteristics helps understand the maintenance of migration and enables the implementation of targeted conservation measures. We tracked the migration of Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway and collected spatiotemporal data from individuals that were tracked for at least two years. Wilcoxon non-parametric tests were used to compare the interannual variations in the dates of departure from and arrival at breeding/nonbreeding sites, and the interannual variation in the longitudes when the same individual across the same latitudes. Whimbrels exhibited a high degree of consistency in the use of breeding, nonbreeding, and stopover sites between years. The variation of arrival dates at nonbreeding sites was significantly larger than that of the departure dates from nonbreeding and breeding sites. Repeatedly used stopover sites by the same individuals in multiple years were concentrated in the Yellow Sea coast during northward migration, but were more widespread during southward migration. The stopover duration at repeatedly used sites was significantly longer than that at sites used only once. When flying across the Yellow Sea, Whimbrels breeding in Sakha (Yakutia) exhibited the highest consistency in migration routes in both autumn and spring. Moreover, the consistency in migration routes of Yakutia breeding birds was generally higher than that of birds breeding in Chukotka. Our results suggest that the northward migration schedule of the Whimbrels is mainly controlled by endogenous factors, while the southward migration schedule is less affected by endogenous factors. The repeated use of stopover sites in the Yellow Sea coast suggests this region is important for the migration of Whimbrel, and thus has high conservation value.

关键词： Consistency Migration route Migration timing Shorebird WINTERING SITES YELLOW SEA STOPOVER REPEATABILITY ARRIVAL ROUTES CONSEQUENCES DECISIONS DEPARTURE STORES

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Prostate health index can stratify patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions on magnetic resonance imaging to reduce prostate biopsies

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第1期26卷 20-24页

作者： John Shung-Lai leung Wai-Kit Ma Brian Sze-Ho Ho Stacia Tsun-Tsun Chun Rong Na Yongle Zhan Chi-Yuen Ng Chi-Ho Ip Ada Tsui-Lin Ng Yiu-Chung Lam Division of Urology Department of SurgeryQueen Mary HospitalUniversity of Hong KongHong KongChina Division of Urology Department of SurgeryPrincess Margaret HospitalHongKongChina

We aim to evaluate prostate health index as an additional risk-stratification tool in patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance *** with biochemical or clinical suspicion of having prostate cancer who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in two tertiary centers(Queen Mary Hospital and Princess Margaret Hospital,Hong Kong,China)between January 2017 and June 2022 were ***-magnetic resonance imaging fusion biopsies were performed after prostate health index *** who only had Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions were further stratified into four prostate health index risk groups and the cancer detection rates were *** of the 747 patients,47.3%had Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 lesions *** detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer in this group was 15.0%.The cancer detection rates of clinically significant prostate cancer had statistically significant differences:5.3%in prostate health index<25.0,7.4%in prostate health index 25.0-34.9,17.9%in prostate health index 35.0-54.9,and 52.6%in prostate health index≥55.0(P<0.01).Among the patients,26.9%could have avoided a biopsy with a prostate health index<25.0,at the expense of a 5.3%risk of missing clinically significant prostate *** health index could be used as an additional risk stratification tool for patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 3 *** could be avoided in patients with low prostate health index,with a small risk of missing clinically significant prostate cancer.

关键词： biopsy fusion biopsy magnetic resonance imaging prostate cancer prostate health index

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Geothermal energy for sustainable and green energy supply in the future

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Deep Underground Science and Engineering 2024年第3期3卷 255-255页

作者： Chunfai leung Jianguo Wang Heping Xie Xiaozhao Li Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Singapore‐Kent Ridge CampusSingaporeSingapore School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhouChina College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhouChina

Deep Underground Science and Engineering(DUSE)publishes this special issue on geothermal *** guest editors of this special issue are *** Pathegama Gamage(Monash University,Australia),*** Huang(China University of Petroleum,Beijing,China),and *** Bai(Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan,China).Geothermal energy is one sustainable and renewable energy and currently a hot research topic in research and *** energy supply is one of the long-term efforts for carbon footprint reductions to tackle climate change *** development of geothermal energy includes exploration and extraction *** special issue is to highlight the challenges on the exploration and extraction of geothermal energy such as initial high cost and difficulties in heat extraction from deep *** special issue focuses on new geothermal extraction system,new theory,new technology,new application of latest techniques such as artificial intelligence,and potential environmental effects.

关键词： Geothermal underground energy

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Effects of low level laser treatment on the survival of axotomized retinal ganglion cells in adult Hamsters

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第21期9卷 1863-1869页

作者： kwok-Fai So Mason Chin Pang leung Qi Cui GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Brain Function and DiseasesJinan University Department of Anatomy LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong Department of Ophthalmology LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Injury to axons close to the neuronal bodies in the mammalian central nervous system causes a large proportion of parenting neurons to degenerate. It is known that optic nerve transection close to the eye in rodents leads to a loss of about half of retinal ganglion cells in 1 week and about 90% in 2 weeks. Using low level laser treatment in the present study, we demonstrated that treatment with helium-neon （660 nm） laser with 15 mW power could delay retinal ganglion cell death after optic nerve axotomy in adult hamsters. The effect was most apparent in the ifrst week with a short period of treatment time （5 minutes） in which 65–66% of retinal ganglion cells survived the optic nerve axotomy whereas 45–47% of retinal ganglion cells did so in optic nerve axotomy controls. We also found that single dose and early commencement of laser irradiation were important in protecting retinal ganglion cells following optic nerve axotomy. These ifndings thus convincingly show that appropriate laser treatment may be neuroprotective to retinal gan-glion cells.

关键词： low level laser treatment retinal ganglion cells optic nerve injury neuroprotection mi-croglial proliferation optic nerve axotomy

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