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Unifying concepts in methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox sludge granulation

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第1期17卷 17-30页

作者： Simon Mills Anna Christine Trego Marco Prevedello jo De Vrieze Vincent O’Flaherty Piet n.L.Lens Gavin Collins Microbial Communities Laboratory School of Biological and Chemical SciencesNational University of Ireland GalwayUniversity RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Microbial Ecology Laboratory School of Biological and Chemical Sciences University of GalwayUniversity RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology(CMET) Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 653B-9000GentBelgium University of Galway University RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

The retention of dense and well-functioning microbial biomass is crucial for effective pollutant removal in several biological wastewater treatment *** solids retention is often achieved through aggregation of microbial communities into dense,spherical aggregates known as granules,which were initially discovered in the *** granules have since been widely applied in upflow anaerobic digesters for waste-to-energy ***,granular biomass has been applied in aerobic wastewater treatment and anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)*** mechanisms underpinning the formation of methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox granules are the subject of ongoing *** each granule type has been extensively studied in isolation,there has been a lack of comparative studies among these granulation *** is likely that there are some unifying concepts that are shared by all three sludge *** these unifying concepts could allow a unified theory of granulation to be ***,we review the granulation mechanisms of methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox granular sludge,highlighting several common concepts,such as the role of extracellular polymeric substances,cations,and operational parameters like upflow velocity and shear *** have then identified some unique features of each granule type,such as different internal structures,microbial compositions,and quorum sensing ***,we propose that future research should prioritize aspects of microbial ecology,such as community assembly or interspecies interactions in individual granules during their formation and growth.

关键词： Granule Granulation Anaerobic digestion Anammox Aerobic granule

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Efficacy of acupuncture on cancer pain:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第3期22卷 235-244页

作者： Miguel Faria Mónica Teixeira Maria joão Pinto Paulo Sargento núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde Instituto Politécnico da Lusofonia1950-396 LisboaPortugal Clínica São joão de Deus 1700-048 LisboaPortugal REQUIMTE/LAQV(Rede de Química e Tecnologia/Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde) Instituto Superior de EngenhariaInstituto Politécnico do Porto4051-401 PortoPortugal Hospital SOERAD 2560-312 Torres VedrasPortugal Centro de Estudos Avançados em Direito“Francisco Suarez ”1749-024 LisboaPortugal

Background:Pain associated with cancer is one of the greatest causes of reduced quality of life in *** is one of the treatments used to address this issue,with the great advantage of having little or no side effects,especially when compared with pharmacological ***:The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the current evidence regarding the efficacy of acupuncture for cancer *** strategy:Six electronic databases(PubMed,EBSCO,Cochrane Library,Scielo,b-On and Scopus)were searched for relevant articles about pain relief in cancer patients from their beginning until 2022using MeSH terms such as“acupuncture,”“electroacupuncture,”“ear acupuncture,”“acupuncture analgesia,”“oncological pain,”and“cancer pain.”Inclusion criteria:Studies included were randomized controlled trials(RCTs)where acupuncture was compared with no treatment,placebo acupuncture or usual *** extraction and analysis:Three independent reviewers participated in data extraction and evaluation of risk of bias,and a meta-analysis was *** primary outcome was pain intensity,measured with the visual analog scale,numeric rating scale,or brief pain *** outcomes also assessed were quality of life,functionality,xerostomia,pain interference,and analgesic *** were expressed as standardized mean difference(SMD)with 95%confidence interval(CI).Results:Sixteen RCTs with a total of 1124 participants were included in the meta-analysis,with the majority of the studies presenting a low or unclear risk of *** was more effective in reducing pain than no treatment(SMD=–0.90,95%CI[–1.68,–0.12]),sham acupuncture(SMD=–1.10,95%CI[–1.59,–0.61])or usual care(SMD=–1.16,95%CI[–1.38,–0.93]).Conclusion:The results of this study suggest that acupuncture may be an effective intervention to reduce pain associated with *** some limitations due to the low quality and small sample size of some included st

关键词： Acupuncture Cancer pain Meta-analysis Systematic review

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High-repetition-rate source of nanosecond duration kA-current pulses driven by relativistic laser pulses

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 106-115页

作者： Michael Ehret Jakub Cikhardt Philip Wykeham Bradford Iuliana-Mariana Vladisavlevici Tomas Burian Diego de Luis jose Luis Henares Rubén Hernández Martín jon Imanol Apiñaniz Roberto Lera joséAntonio Pérez-Hernández joão jorge Santos Giancarlo Gatti Centro de Láseres Pulsados(CLPU) VillamayorSpain Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Electrical EngineeringPragueCzech Republic Univ.Bordeaux-CnRS-CEA Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA)UMR 5107TalenceFrance Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics FZU-Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic

We report the first high-repetition-rate generation and simultaneous characterization of nanosecond-scale return currents of kA-magnitude issued by the polarization of a target irradiated with a PW-class high-repetition-rate titanium:sapphire laser system at relativistic *** present experimental results obtained with the VEGA-3 laser at intensities from5×10^(18)to 1.3×10^(20)W cm^(-2).A non-invasive inductive return-current monitor is adopted to measure the derivative of return currents of the order of kA ns-1and analysis methodology is developed to derive return *** compare the current for copper,aluminium and Kapton targets at different laser *** data show the stable production of current peaks and clear prospects for the tailoring of the pulse shape,which is promising for future applications in highenergy-density science,for example,electromagnetic interference stress tests,high-voltage pulse response measurements and charged particle beam *** compare the target discharge of the order of hundreds of nC with theoretical predictions and a good agreement is found.

关键词： current pulses electromagnetic pulse application high-power laser relativistic laser plasma

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Effect of a cardiac telerehabilitation program during COVID-19 associated social isolation

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第3期6卷 273-278页

作者： jo~ao Paulo Prado Giovane Galdino Institute of Motricity Sciences Federal University of AlfenasAlfenasMinas GeraisBrazil

This study aimed to compare the impact of a cardiac telerehabilitation(CTR)protocol aimed at patients with cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)during the period of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)associated with social *** retrospective cohort study included 58 participants diagnosed with stable cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),which were divided into three groups:conventional cardiac rehabilitation(CCR)group(n?20),composed of patients undergoing conventional cardiac rehabilitation;cardiac telerehabilitation(CTR)group(n?18),composed of patients undergoing cardiac telerehabilitation and control group(n?20),composed of patients admitted for cardiac rehabilitation who had not started training *** results showed that body mass index was reduced(p?0.019)and quality of life was improved(e.g.,limitations due to physical aspects[p?0.021),vitality[p?0.045]and limitations due to emotional aspects[p?0.024])by CCR compared to *** outcomes were not improved by CTR(p>0.05).However,this strategy prevented clinical deterioration in the investigated *** CCR achieved a superior effect on clinical improvement and quality of life,CTR was relevant to stabilize the blood pressure and quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases during the period of COVID-19-associated social isolation.

关键词： COVID-19 Cardiac telerehabilitation Quality-of-life

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Determination of critical state line(CSL)for silty-sandy iron ore tailings subjected to low-high confining pressures

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journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第5期16卷 1684-1695页

作者： nilo Cesar Consoli joão Vítor de Azambuja Carvalho Alexia Cindy Wagner Hugo Carlos Scheuermann Filho Inácio Carvalho Pedro Pazzoto Cacciari joão Paulo de Sousa Silva Civil Engineering Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRS90035-190Brazil Exploration and Mineral Projects-Mineral Development Centre VALE S.A.Santa LuziaMG33040-900Brazil Department of Civil Geological and Mining EngineeringPolytechnique MontrealQuebecH3C 3A7Canada

The disposal of filtered tailings in high dry stacks can induce particle breakage,changing the material's behaviour during the structure's *** grading changes influence material properties at the critical state,and this is not mature for intermediate artificial soils(tailings)in a broad range of confining *** this paper,it aims to describe the behaviour of iron ore tailings in a spectrum of confining pressures broader than the reported in previous studies.A series of consolidated drained(CD)triaxial tests was carried out with confining pressures ranging from 0.075 MPa to 120 *** results show that the amount of breakage plays an essential role in the response of iron ore *** existence of curved critical state line(CSL)in both specific volume(ν)-logarithm of mean effective stress(p′)and deviatoric stress(q)-mean effective stress(p′)planes,and different responses in the deviatoric stress-axial strain-volumetric strain curves were *** inverse S-shaped equation was proposed to represent the silty-sandy tailings'behaviour up to high pressures onν-lnp′*** proposed equation provides a basis for enhancing constitutive models and considers the evolution of the grading up to severe loading *** adjustment considered three regions with different responses associated with particle breakage at different pressure levels.

关键词： Tailings Iron ore tailings dry stacking Silty-sandy material Critical state soil mechanics High confining pressures Particle breakage

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Immune response to inactivated bacterial vector carrying the recombinant K39 antigen of Leishmania infantum in mice

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Asian Pacific journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第5期14卷 199-206页

作者： Lucelina S.Araújo Bruno B.Silva Eduarda n.F.n.Santos Arnaldo S.Bezerra Samuel S.Frota Assis R.Montenegro Eridan O.P.T.Florean Maurício Fvan Tilburg Maria Izabel F.Guedes Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Northeast Biotechnology NetworkState University of CearáFortalezaBrazil Faculty of Veterinary Medicine State University of CearáFortalezaBrazil

Objective:To evaluate the immunological response elicited by an inactivated bacterial vector carrying the K39 antigen of Leishmania infantum,and a purified ***:Mice were subjected to the following treatments:(1)Purified recombinant K39(rK39)protein at a 20μg dose with complete Freund’s adjuvant;(2)Inactivated Escherichia coli(BL21 DE3)carrying the K39 protein at an equivalent total protein content of 200μg;(3)Inactivated bacteria lacking the K39 protein;(4)non-immunized control *** monitoring was *** groups were challenged by intraperitoneal injection of 10^(7) Leishmania infantum *** euthanasia,the liver and spleen were collected to analyze the levels of TnF,IFn-γ,IL-12,IL-4,and ***:Mice immunized with purified rK39 or the inactivated bacterial vector carrying the K39 antigen of Leishmania infantum showed a long-lasting immune response with high levels of polyclonal antibodies specifically recognizing the recombinant *** IgG1 subclass was the predominant immunoglobulin;however,the induction of IgG2a and the profile of cytokines produced were indicative of the induction of a mixed-type ***:The inactivated bacterial vector carrying the K39 antigen,as well as the purified antigen can induce a long-lasting immune response in immunized mice,predominantly favouring a Th2 profile response.

关键词： Visceral leishmaniasis K39 Inactivated bacterial vector Vaccine Immune response Th1 Th2 Leishmania infantum

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Interface engineering of Co_(9)S_(8)/SnS heterostructure as a high-performance anode for lithium/sodium-ion batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 612-623页

作者： Jia Luo Shi-Li Xiang Dan-Yang Han An Liu joão Cunha Gang-Yong Li Zhao-Hui Hou Hong Yin School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional MaterialsHunan Institute of Science and TechnologyYueyang414006China Hubei Jiufengshan Laboratory Wuhan430206China International Iberian nanotechnology Laboratory(InL) Av.Mestre Jose Veiga4715-330BragaPortugal

Transition metal sulfide(TMS)anodes exhibit the characteristics of phase stability and high capacity for lithium/sodium-ion batteries(LIBs/SIBs).However,the TMS anodes often suffer from poor electronic conductivity,low ionic diffusion and large volume expansion during Li/na-ion intercalation significantly impairing the Li/na-storage ***,a long chain heterostructure composed of the Co_(9)S_(8) and SnS are first reported,which can generate rich phase interfaces,and small crystal *** unique structure can facilitate the properties of reactivity,conductivity and ionic *** addition,the heterostructure surface is modified by the n-doped carbon(n-DC@(CoSn)S),successfully improving the structural *** synergistic effects of Co_(9)S_(8)/SnS heterostructure and coated carbon layer effectively increase the capacity and cycling *** n-DC@(CoSn)S anode delivers enhanced high specific capacities of 820.6 mAh·g^(−1) at 1.0 A·g^(–1) after 500 cycles for LIBs and 339.2 mAh·g^(–1)at 0.5 A·g^(–1) after 1000 cycles for SIBs,*** work is expected to provide a material design idea for preparing LIBs/SIBs with high capacity and long cycling life.

关键词： Interface engineering Long chain heterostructure High capacity Cycling stability Li na-ion batteries

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Magnetic field regression using artificial neural networks for cold atom experiments

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 46-51页

作者：陈子霆黃建陶 Bojeong Seo 黄明琛 Mithilesh K.Parit 何逸飞甄浩廷 Jensen Li Gyu-Boong jo Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyKowloon 999077China

Accurately measuring magnetic fields is essential for magnetic-field sensitive experiments in areas like atomic,molecular,and optical physics,condensed matter experiments,and other ***,since many experiments are often conducted in an isolated environment that is inaccessible to experimentalists,it can be challenging to accurately determine the magnetic field at the target ***,we propose an efficient method for detecting magnetic fields with the assistance of an artificial neural network(nn).Instead of measuring the magnetic field directly at the desired location,we detect fields at several surrounding positions,and a trained nn can accurately predict the magnetic field at the target *** training,we achieve a below 0.3%relative prediction error of magnetic field magnitude at the center of the vacuum chamber,and successfully apply this method to our erbium quantum gas apparatus for accurate calibration of magnetic field and long-term monitoring of environmental stray magnetic *** demonstrated approach significantly simplifies the process of determining magnetic fields in isolated environments and can be applied to various research fields across a wide range of magnetic field magnitudes.

关键词： ultracold gases trapped gases measurement methods and instrumentation

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Three-dimensional analysis of age and sex differences in femoral head asphericity in asymptomatic hips in the United States

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World journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期15卷 754-763页

作者： Mahad M Hassan Aliya G Feroe Brenton W Douglass Andrew E Jimenez Benjamin Kuhns Charles F Mitchell Robert L Parisien Daniel A Maranho Eduardo n novais Young-jo Kim Ata M Kiapour Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery TRIA Orthopaedic CenterBloomingtonMN 55122United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Boston Children’s HospitalBostonMA 02115United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55901United States Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery American Hip Institute Research FoundationDes PlainesIL 60018United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Department of Biomechanics Medicineand Rehabilitation of the Locomotor SystemRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloRibeirao Preto 14048-900São PauloBrazil

BACKGROUnD The sphericity of the femoral head is a metric used to evaluate hip pathologies and is associated with the development of osteoarthritis and femoral-acetabular *** To analyze the three-dimensional asphericity of the femoral head of asymptomatic pediatric *** hypothesized that femoral head asphericity will vary significantly between male and female pediatric hips and increase with age in both *** Computed tomography scans were obtained on 158 children and adolescents from a single institution in the United States(8-18 years;50%male)without hip *** femoral measurements including the femoral head diameter,femoral head volume,residual volume,asphericity index,and local diameter difference were used to evaluate femoral head *** In both sexes,the residual volume increased by age(Pnificantly smaller femoral head size in older ages(>13 years)in females,there were no sex-differences in residual volume and aspherity *** were no age-related changes in mean diameter difference in both sexes(P=0.07)with no significant sex-differences across different age groups(P=0.06).In contrast,there were significant increases in local aspherity(maximum diameter difference)across whole surface of the femoral head and all quadrants except the inferior regions in males(P=0.03).There were no sex-differences in maximum diameter difference at any regions and age group(P>0.05).Increased alpha angle was only correlated to increased mean diameter difference across overall surface of the femoral head(P=0.024).COnCLUSIOn There is a substantial localized asphericity in asymptomatic hips which increases with age *** 2D measured alpha angle can capture overall asphericity of the femoral head,it may not be sensitive enough to represent regional asphericity patterns.

关键词： Hip Femoral head Sphericity Skeletal growth Sex differences

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Protective effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on hepatorenal syndrome in rats

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World journal of nephrology 2024年第3期13卷 49-61页

作者： joão Bruno Beretta Duailibe Cassiana Macagnan Viau Jenifer Saffi Sabrina Alves Fernandes Marilene Porawski Department of Hepatology Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90050-170Brazil Department of Basic Health Sciences Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90050-170Brazil Department of Hepatology and Basic Health Sciences Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90050-170Brazil

BACKGROUnD Hepatorenal syndrome(HRS)is the most prevalent form of acute kidney injury in cirrhotic *** is characterized by reduced renal blood flow and represents the most severe complication in cirrhotic patients with advanced *** research has indicated that antioxidants can delay the onset of a hyperdynamic circulatory state in cirrhosis and improve renal function in HRS *** omega-3 supplementation has significantly reduced the risk of liver *** supplementation could represent an additional therapy for individuals with *** To evaluated the antioxidant effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on the kidneys of cirrhotic *** Secondary biliary cirrhosis was induced in rats by biliary duct ligation(BDL)for 28 *** used 24 male Wistar rats divided into the following groups:I(control);II(treated with omega-3,1 g/kg of body weight);III(BDL treated with omega-3,1 g/kg of body weight);and IV(BDL without treatment).The animals were killed by overdose of anesthetic;the kidneys were dissected,removed,frozen in liquid nitrogen,and stored in a freezer at-80℃for later *** evaluated oxidative stress,nitric oxide(nO)metabolites,DnA damage by the comet assay,cell viability test,and apoptosis in the *** were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance,and means were compared using the Tukey test,with P≤*** Omega-3 significantly decreased the production of reactive oxygen species(Pnd lipoperoxidation in the kidneys of cirrhotic rats treated with omega-3(Pntioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase increased in the BDL+omega-3 group compared to the BDL group(PnO production,DnA damage,and caspase-9 cleavage decreased significantly in the omega-3-treated BDL *** was an increase in mitochondrial electrochemical potential(Pn BDL treated with omega-3 compared to *** changes in the cell survival index in HRS with omega-3 c

关键词： Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids Antioxidant effect Hepatorenal syndrome Liver cirrhosis Reactive oxygen species Apoptosis

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