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A survey on membership inference attacks and defenses in machine learning

Journal of Information and Intelligence 2024年第5期2卷 404-454页

作者： Jun Niu Peng Liu Xiaoyan Zhu kuo shen Yuecong Wang Haotian Chi Yulong shen Xiaohong Jiang Jianfeng Ma Yuqing Zhang School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi'an 710071China Information Sciences and Technology Pennsylvania State UniversityPA 16802United States School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian UniversityXian 710071China School of Hangzhou Institute of Technology Xidian UniversityHangzhou 311231China School of Automation and Software Engineering Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China School of Systems Information Science Future University of HakodateHakodate 041-8655Japan School of Computer&Control Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China School of Cyber Engineering Xidian UniversityXian 710071China

Membership inference(MI)attacks mainly aim to infer whether a data record was used to train a target model or *** to the serious privacy risks,MI attacks have been attracting a tremendous amount of attention in the research *** existing work conducted-to our best knowledge the first dedicated survey study in this specific area:The survey provides a comprehensive review of the literature during the period of 2017~2021(e.g.,over 100 papers).However,due to the tremendous amount of progress(i.e.,176 papers)made in this area since 2021,the survey conducted by the one existing work has unfortunately already become very limited in the following two aspects:(1)Although the entire literature from 2017~2021 covers 18 ways to categorize(all the proposed)MI attacks,the literature during the period of 2017~2021,which was reviewed in the one existing work,only covered 5 ways to categorize MI *** 13 ways missing,the survey conducted by the one existing work only covers 27%of the landscape(in terms of how to categorize MI attacks)if a retrospective view is taken.(2)Since the literature during the period of 2017~2021 only covers 27%of the landscape(in terms of how to categorize),the number of new insights(i.e.,why an MI attack could succeed)behind all the proposed MI attacks has been significantly increasing since year *** a result,although none of the previous work has made the insights as a main focus of their studies,we found that the various insights leveraged in the literature can be broken down into 10 *** making the insights as a main focus,a survey study could fail to help researchers gain adequate intellectual depth in this area of *** this work,we conduct a systematic study to address these *** particular,in order to address the first limitation,we make the 13 newly emerged ways to categorize MI attacks as a main focus on the *** order to address the second limitation,we provide-to our best knowledge-the first r

关键词： Machine learning Privacy and security Membershipinferenceattacks Defensivetechniques

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Image features of two rare mediastinal tumors: schwannoma of intrathoracic phrenic nerve and clear cell chondrosarcoma of the rib

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Chinese Medical Journal 2005年第17期118卷 1493-1496页

作者： Ting-Kai Leung Chien-Jui Cheng Chi-Ming Lee Li-kuo shen Hung-Jung Wang Ya-Yen Chen Diagnostic Radiology Department of Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei China Pathology Department of Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei China

The current report focuses on two patients of the same age who presented similar appearances on initial anteroposterior chest images. Follow-up images showed superoanterior and superoposterior mediastinal lesions. The first patient with noninvasive cystic thymoma was suspected before surgery, while the pathologic diagnosis was intrathoracic phrenic nerve schwannoma. The second patient was with an asymmetric, dumbbell-shaped paravertebral tumor over T3 and T4 on the left side. The preoperative diagnostic images were interpreted as showing a neurogenic tumor. However, the pathologic report was cell chondrosarcoma.

关键词： mediastinal tumors schwannoma phrenic nerve clear cell chondrosarcoma

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Balthazar computed tomography severity index is superior to Ranson criteria and APACHE Ⅱ scoring system in predicting acute pancreatitis outcome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第38期11卷 6049-6052页

作者： Ting-Kai Leung Chi-Ming Lee Shyr-Yi Lin Hsin-Chi Chen Hung-Jung Wang Li-kuo shen Ya-Yen Chen Department of Diagnostic Radiology Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei TaiwanChina Department of Internal Medicine Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan China

AIM： Acute pancreatitis （AP） is a process with variable involvement of regional tissues or organ systems. Multifactorial scales included the Ranson, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation （APACHE Ⅱ） systems and Balthazar computed tomography severity index （CTSI）. The purpose of this review study was to assess the accuracy of CTSI, Ranson score, and APACHE II score in course and outcome prediction of AP. METHODS： We reviewed 121 patients who underwent helical CT within 48 h after onset of symptoms of a first episode of AP between 1999 and 2003. Fourteen inappropriate subjects were excluded; we reviewed the 107 contrastenhanced CT images to calculate the CTSI. We also reviewed their Ranson and APACHE Ⅱ score. In addition, complications, duration of hospitalization, mortality rate, and other pathology history also were our comparison parameters. RESULTS： We classified 85 patients （79%） as having mild AP （CTSI 〈5） and 22 patients （21%） as having severe AP （CTSI ≥5）. In mild group, the mean APACHE II score and Ranson score was 8.6±1.9 and 2.4±1.2, and those of severe group was 10.2±2.1 and 3.1±0.8, respectively. The most common complication was pseudocyst and abscess and it presented in 21 （20%） patients and their CTSI was 5.9±1.4. A CTSI ≥5 significantly correlated with death, complication present, and prolonged length of stay. Patients with a CTSI ≥5 were 15 times to die than those CTSI 〈5, and the prolonged length of stay and complications present were 17 times and 8 times than that in CTSI 〈5, respectively. CONCLUSION： CTSI is a useful tool in assessing the severity and outcome of AP and the CTSI ≥5 is an index in our study. Although Ranson score and APACHE II score also are choices to be the predictors for complications, mortality and the length of stay of AP, the sensitivity of them are lower than CTSI.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Ranson score APACHE Ⅱ score Balthazar computed tomography severity index

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Highly Accurate Golden Section Search Algorithms and Fictitious Time Integration Method for Solving Nonlinear Eigenvalue Problems

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1317-1335页

作者： Chein-Shan Liu Jian-Hung shen Chung-Lun kuo Yung-Wei Chen Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering Taiwan Ocean UniversityKeelung202301TaiwanChina Department of Marine Engineering Taiwan Ocean UniversityKeelung202301TaiwanChina

This study sets up two new merit functions,which are minimized for the detection of real eigenvalue and complex eigenvalue to address nonlinear eigenvalue *** each eigen-parameter the vector variable is solved from a nonhomogeneous linear system obtained by reducing the number of eigen-equation one less,where one of the nonzero components of the eigenvector is normalized to the unit and moves the column containing that component to the right-hand side as a nonzero input vector.1D and 2D golden section search algorithms are employed to minimize the merit functions to locate real and complex ***,the real and complex eigenvectors can be computed very accurately.A simpler approach to the nonlinear eigenvalue problems is proposed,which implements a normalization condition for the uniqueness of the eigenvector into the eigenequation *** real eigenvalues can be computed by the fictitious time integration method(FTIM),which saves computational costs compared to the one-dimensional golden section search algorithm(1D GSSA).The simpler method is also combined with the Newton iterationmethod,which is convergent very *** the proposed methods are easily programmed to compute the eigenvalue and eigenvector with high accuracy and efficiency.

关键词： Nonlinear eigenvalue problem quadratic eigenvalue problem two new merit functions golden section search algorithm fictitious time integration method

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Evaluation of the effect of partial splenic embolization on platelet values for liver cirrhosis patients with thrombocytopenia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第4期13卷 619-622页

作者： Chi-Ming Lee Ting-Kai Leung Hung-Jung Wang Wei-Hsing Lee Li-kuo shen Jean-Dean Liu Chun-Chao Chang Ya-Yen Chen Department of Diagnostic Radiology Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan China Department of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan China Department of Internal Medicine Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan China

AIM： TO investigate the effect of partial splenic embolization （PSE） on platelet values in liver cirrhosis patients with thrombocytopenia and to determine the effective embolization area for platelet values improvement.METHODS： Blood parameters and liver function indicators were measured on 10 liver cirrhosis patients （6 in Child-Pugh grade A and 4 in grade B） with thrombocytopenia （platelet values 〈 80 × 10^3/μL） before embolization. Computed tomography scan was also needed in advance to acquire the splenic baseline. After 2 to 3 d, angiography and splenic embolization were performed. A second computed tomography scan was made to confirm the embolization area after 2 to 3 wk of embolization. The blood parameters of patients were also examined biweekly during the 1 year follow-up period. RESULTS： According to the computed tomography images after partial splenic embolization, we divided all paUents into two groups： low （〈 30%）, and high （≥ 30%） embolization area groups. The platelet values were increased by 3 times compared to baseline levels after 2 wk of embolization in high embolization area group. In addition, there were significant differences in platelet values between low and high embolization area groups. GPT values decreased significantly in all patients after 2 wk of embolization. The improvement in platelet and GPT values still persisted until 1 year after PSE. In addition, 3 of 4 （75%） Child-Pugh grade B patients progressed to grade A after 2 mo of PSE. The complication rate in 〈 30% and ≥30% embolization area groups was 50% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION： Partial splenic embolization is an effective method to improve platelet values and GPT values in liver cirrhosis patients with thrombocytopenia and the ≥ 30% embolization area is meaningful for platelet values improvement. The relationship between the complication rate and embolization area needs further studies.

关键词： Partial splenic embolization Liver cirrhosis Thrombocytopenia

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Preventing prolonged post-operative ileus in gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy and intra-peritoneal chemotherapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第31期11卷 4776-4781页

作者： De-Chuan Chan Yao-Chi Liu Cheng-Jueng Chen Jyh-Cherng Yu Heng-Cheng Chu Fa-Chang Chen Teng-Wei Chen Huan-Fa Hsieh Tzu-Ming Chang kuo-Liang shen Division of General Surgery Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center National Defense University Taipei Taiwan China Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine Tri-Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical Center National Defense UniversityTaipei Taiwan China Department of Anesthesiology Tfi-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center National Defense University Taipei Taiwan China Yee-Zen General Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan China Department of Surgery Shalu Tungs' Memorial Hospital Tai-Chung Taiwan China

AIM： To assess the efficacy of metoclopramide （Met） for prevention of prolonged post-operative ileus in advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing D2 gastrectomy and intra-peritoneal chemotherapy （IPC）. METHODS： Thirty-two advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing D2 gastrectomy and IPC were allocated to two groups. Sixteen patients received Met immediately after operation （group A）, and 16 did not （group B）. Another 16 patients who underwent D2 gastrectomy without IPC were enrolled as the control group （group C）. All patients had received epidural pain control. The primary endpoints were time to first post-operative flatus and time until oral feeding with a soft diet without discomfort. Secondary endpoints were early complications during hospitalization. RESULTS： Gender, the type of resection, operating time, blood loss, tumor status and amount of narcotics were comparable in the three groups. However, the group C patients were older than those in groups A and B （67.5±17.7 vs 56.8±13.2, 57.5±11.7 years, P= 0.048）. First bowel flatus occurred after 4.35±0.93 d in group A, 4.94±1.37 d in group B, and 4.71±1.22 d in group C （P〉0.05）. Oral feeding of a sore diet was tolerated 7.21±1.92 d after operation in group A, 10.15±2.17 d in group B, and 7.53±1.35 d in group C （groups A and C vsgroup B, P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in respect to the first flatus among the three groups. However, the time of tolerating oral intake with soft food in groups A and C patients was significantlyshorter than that in group B patients. Levels of C-reactive protein （CRP） were significantly lower in group C and there was a more prominent and prolonged response in CRP level in patients undergoing IPC. The incidence of post-operative complications was similar in the three groups except for prolonged post-operative ileus. There was no increased risk of anastomotic leakage in patients receiving Met. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that a combination of intravenous Met and epidu

关键词： Metoclopramide C-reactive protein Gastric cancer Intraperitoneal chemotherapy

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数据跨境流动与数据主权研究

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新疆师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2016年第5期37卷 112-119页

作者：吴沈括北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院北京100875

在以移动互联网、云计算、大数据、物联网等为代表的新一代信息技术蓬勃发展的时代背景下,文本以全球网络治理规范实践为考察视域,在厘定数据概念特征的基础上,着力研究各国有关跨境数据的制度设计、数据主权的内涵外延及其核心逻辑,同... 详细信息

在以移动互联网、云计算、大数据、物联网等为代表的新一代信息技术蓬勃发展的时代背景下,文本以全球网络治理规范实践为考察视域,在厘定数据概念特征的基础上,着力研究各国有关跨境数据的制度设计、数据主权的内涵外延及其核心逻辑,同时分析提炼目前有关数据主权和跨境数据规制的主要共性问题,进而就我国在该领域可以选择的对策提出针对性建议。主要研究目的在于梳理现阶段全球跨境数据规制和数据主权问题的共通制度逻辑,明确数据规制的基础性要素,从而建构合理的治理路径。

关键词：数据大数据云计算跨境流动数据主权

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Unconventional topological phase transition in non-symmorphic material KHgX(X=As,Sb,Bi)

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 599-605页

作者： Chin-shen kuo Tay-Rong Chang Su-Yang Xu Horng-Tay Jeng Department of Physics National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu 30013Taiwan Department of Physics National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 701Taiwan Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research&Technology(QFort) Tainan 701Taiwan Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Physics Division National Center for Theoretical SciencesHsinchu 30013Taiwan Institute of Physics Academia SinicaTaipei 11529Taiwan

Traditionally topological phase transition describes an evolution from topological trivial to topological nontrivial *** from the non-symmorphic crystalline symmetry,we propose in this work an unconventional topological phase transition scheme between two topological nontrivial insulating states mediated by a Dirac gapless state,differing from the traditional topological phase *** KHgX(X=As,Sb,Bi)family is the first experimentally realized topological non-symmorphic crystalline insulator(TNCI),where the topological surface states are characterized by the Mobius-twisted *** on first-principles calculations,we present a topological insulator–metal transition from TNCI into a Dirac semimetal(DSM)via applying an external pressure on *** find an unusual mirror Chern number C_(m)=−3 for the DSM phase of KHgX in the non-symmorphic crystal structure,which is topologically distinct from the traditional DSM such as Na_(3)Bi and Cd_(3)As_(2).Furthermore,we predict a new TNCI phase in KHgX via symmetry *** topological surface states in this new TNCI phase display zigzag connectivity,different from the unstressed *** results offer a comprehensive study for understanding how the topological surface states evolve from a quantum phase transition in non-symmorphic system.

关键词： topological transition phase

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Exosome/metformin-loaded self-healing conductive hydrogel rescues microvascular dysfunction and promotes chronic diabetic wound healing by inhibiting mitochondrial fission

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第8期26卷 323-336页

作者： Yue Zhang Meng Li Yunchuan Wang Fei Han kuo shen Liang Luo Yan Li Yanhui Jia Jian Zhang Weixia Cai Kejia Wang Ming Zhao Jing Wang Xiaowen Gao Chenyang Tian Baolin Guo Dahai Hu Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University127 Changle West RoadXi’anShaanxi710032China State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials And Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of StomatologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China

Chronic diabetic wounds remain a globally recognized clinical *** occur due to high concentrations of reactive oxygen species and vascular function disorders.A promising strategy for diabetic wound healing is the delivery of exosomes,comprising bioactive *** activates the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway,thereby improving angiogenesis in hyperglycemic ***,multifunctional hydrogels loaded with drugs and bioactive substances synergistically promote wound repair has been rarely reported,and the mechanism of their combinatorial effect of exosome and metformin in wound healing remains ***,we engineered dual-loaded hydrogels possessing tissue adhesive,antioxidant,self-healing and electrical conductivity properties,wherein 4-armed SH-PEG cross-links with Ag^(+),which minimizes damage to the loaded goods and investigated their mechanism of promotion effect for wound *** carbon nanotubes exhibiting good conductivity were also incorporated into the hydrogels to generate hydrogen bonds with the thiol group,creating a stable three-dimensional structure for exosome and metformin *** diabetic wound model of the present study suggests that the PEG/Ag/CNT-M+E hydrogel promotes wound healing by triggering cell proliferation and angiogenesis and relieving peritraumatic inflammation and vascular *** mechanism of the dual-loaded hydrogel involves reducing the level of reactive oxygen species by interfering with mitochondrial fission,thereby protecting F-actin homeostasis and alleviating microvascular ***,we propose a drug-bioactive substance combination therapy and provide a potential mechanism for developing vascular function-associated strategies for treating chronic diabetic wounds.

关键词： Dual-loaded hydrogels Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes Metformin Angiogenesis Mitochondrial fission Chronic diabetic wound Wound healing

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Dietary sodium acetate and sodium butyrate attenuate intestinal damage and improve lipid metabolism in juvenile largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides) fed a high carbohydrate diet by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第01期16卷 443-456页

作者： Liulan Zhao Liangshun Cheng Yifang Hu Xiaohui Li Yihui Yang Jin Mu Lianfeng shen Guojun Hu kuo He Haoxiao Yan Qiao Liu Song Yang College of Animal Science and Technology Sichuan Agricultural University

High-carbohydrate(HC) diets decrease the intestinal levels of sodium acetate(SA) and sodium butyrate(SB) and impair the gut health of largemouth bass; however, SA and SB have been shown to enhance immunity and improve intestinal health in farmed animals. Thus, the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary SA and SB on HC diet-induced intestinal injury and the potential mechanisms in juvenile largemouth bass. The experiment set five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, including a lowcarbohydrate diet(9% starch)(LC), a high carbohydrate diet(18% starch)(HC), and the HC diet supplemented with 2 g/kg SA(HCSA), 2 g/kg SB(HCSB) or a combination of 1 g/kg SA and 1 g/kg SB(HCSASB).The feeding experiment was conducted for 8 weeks. A total of 525 juvenile largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 7.00 ± 0.20 g were used. The results showed that dietary SA and SB improved the weight gain rate and specific growth rate (P<0.05) and ameliorated serum parameters(alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate transaminase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase)(P<0.05). And, importantly, dietary SA and SB repaired the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression levels of zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-7(P<0.05), reduced HC-induced intestinal damage, and alleviated intestinal inflammation and cell apoptosis by attenuating HC-induced intestinal endoplasmic reticulum stress(P<0.05). Further results revealed that dietary SA and SB reduced HC-induced intestinal fat deposition by inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis(P<0.05). In summary, this study demonstrated that dietary SA and SB attenuated HC-induced intestinal damage and reduced excessive intestinal fat deposition in largemouth bass.

关键词： Sodium acetate Sodium butyrate High carbohydrate diet Endoplasmic reticulum stress Intestine health Lipid metabolism

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