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Consumption Inequality in China： Theory and Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2013年第1期8卷 91-112页

作者： kunyuan Qiao Department of Applied Economics Guanghua School of Management Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 China

We investigate consumption inequality in China both theoretically by constructing a theoretical model that delineates the transmission channels by which income shocks affect consumption and empirically through an Unequally Spaced Dynamic Panel Data model estimation. We find that China is experiencing consumption inequality with the full partial insurance of consumption against both permanent and transitory income shocks, although the impact of both types of shock are larger than the case of the United States. The results are due to precautionary savings motives of the Chinese. We further document how income becomes more dispersed in China and show how the family background of a child affects his outcome to a large extent. Policy implications based on our findings are proposed.

关键词： consumption inequality income shocks transmission channels,Unequally Spaced Dynamic Panel Data (USDPD)

Removal of antibiotic-resistant genes during drinking water treatment:A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第6期33卷 415-429页

作者： Tuqiao Zhang kunyuan Lv Qingxiao Lu Lili Wang Xiaowei Liu Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Safety and Distribution Technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Ocean College Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Environmental Engineering Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F UniversityZhuji 311800China

Once contaminate the drinking water source,antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)will propagate in drinking water systems and pose a serious risk to human ***,the drinking water treatment processes(DWTPs)are critical to manage the risks posed by *** study summarizes the prevalence of ARGs in raw water sources and treated drinking water *** addition,the removal efficiency of ARGs and related mechanisms by different DWTPs are *** and biotic factors that affect ARGs elimination are also *** data on presence of ARGs in drinking water help come to the conclusion that ARGs pollution is prevalent and deserves a high ***,DWTPs indeed achieve ARGs removal,but some biological treatment processes such as biological activated carbon filtration may promote antibiotic resistance due to the enrichment of ARGs in the *** finding that disinfection and membrane filtration are superior to other DWTPs adds weight to the advice that DWTPs should adopt multiple disinfection barriers,as well as keep sufficient chlorine residuals to inhibit re-growth of ARGs during subsequent ***,DWTPs obtain direct and inderect ARGs reduction through DNA damage and interception of host bacterias of ***,escaping of intracellular ARGs to extracellular environment,induced by DWTPs,should be *** review provides the theoretical support for developping efficient reduction technologies of *** study should focus on ARGs controlling in terms of transmissibility or persistence through DWTPs due to their biological related nature and ubiquitous presence of biofilm in the treatment unit.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance genes Drinking water treatment processes Removal mechanism Influencing factors

Improvement of microstructure and coercivity for Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets by boundary introducing low melting point alloys

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Journal of Rare Earths 2020年第4期38卷 395-401页

作者： Shuai Cao Xiaoqian Bao Jiheng Li Haijun Yu kunyuan Zhu Xuexu Gao State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Different from the grain boundary diffusion process(GBDP),which is suitable for modifying thin magnet,a green-pressing agents permeation process(GAPP)that uses low melting point alloys was applied to the Nd-Fe-B green compact with a thickness over 15 mm to reconstruct the boundary microstructure of a sintered Nd-Fe-B *** coercivity increases from 12.3 kOe for the sample free of Pr80Al20 to16.8 kOe for the sample with 2 wt%*** further increasing the Pr80Al20 content to 3 wt%,the coercivity increases slightly,but the remanence and Hk/Hcj deteriorate *** optimal comprehensive properties of Hcj=16.8 kOe,Br=13.4 kG and Hk/Hcj=0.975 are obtained at 2 wt%Pr80Al20,since matrix phase grains are separated by relatively continuous thin grain boundary layers,which weaken the magnetic coupling between adjacent *** coercivities of the samples from the GAPP that use2 wt%Pr80Al20,Pr70Al30 and Pr60Tb20Al20 alloys,respectively,can be enhanced to a large ***,the coercivity of the magnet reconstructed with Pr80Al20 is lower than that of the sample with Pr60Tb20Al20 but is higher than that of the sample reconstructed with Pr70Cu30 ***,the coercivity of the sample from the GAPP using 2 wt%Pr80Al20 is much higher than that of the sample from the GBDP,which is due to a nearly uniform boundary microstructure from the surface to the interior of the thick magnet from the GAPP,thus providing new insights into the fabrication of thick and bulky permanent magnets with high coercivity.

关键词： Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets Green-pressing agents permeation Grain boundary diffusion Pr-Al alloys Thick and bulky magnets Rare earths

Organic polystyrene and inorganic silica double shell protected lead halide perovskite nanocrystals with high emission efficiency and superior stability

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Nano Research 2023年第7期16卷 10507-10514页

作者： Shujian Wang Dejian Chen kunyuan Xu Jie Hu Decai Huang Maochun Hong Haomiao Zhu University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of SciencesGanzhou 341000China CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen Research Center of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstitutesChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

The practical application of all-inorganic semiconductor lead halide perovskite nanocrystals(LHP NCs)has been limited by their poor ***,a lot of research on core-shell structure has been done to improve the stability of perovskite NCs,but the effect was far from the application ***,we,for the first time,report a convenient approach to synthesize organic-inorganic double shell CsPbBr_(3)@SiO_(2)@polystyrene(PS)NCs with an inter-core of CsPbBr_(3),the intermediate layer of SiO_(2)shell,and outmost PS ***,the CsPbBr_(3)@SiO_(2)@PS NCs maintained more than 90%of their initial photoluminescence(PL)intensity under one month's ultraviolet lamp irradiation or in 85℃ and 85%relative humidity(RH)*** white-light-emitting-diodes(WLEDs)were fabricated by encapsulating commercial InGaN chip with CsPbBr_(3)@SiO_(2)@PS NCs and K2SiF6:Mn^(4+)(KSF:Mn^(4+))phosphor with a luminous efficacy of~100 lm/W at 20 mA current and a color gamut of 128%of the National Television Standards Committee(NTSC)*** addition,these WLEDs still maintain 91%of the initial luminous efficacy after 1200 h of continuous *** results demonstrated that double shell-protected CsPbBr_(3)perovskite NCs have great potential in the field of WLEDs.

关键词： core-shell structure organic polystyrene(PS)inorganic SiO_(2)double shell CsPbBr_(3)@SiO_(2)@PS nanocrystals(NCs) high stability

Study on Characteristics of Different Types of Nozzles for Coal-Water Slurry Atomization

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Journal of Thermal Science 2001年第4期10卷 331-335页

作者： kunyuan LifangChen 等 InstituteofEngineeringThermophysics ChineseAcademyofSciences100080Beijing InstituteofMechanics China

Three types of nozzles: a low-pressure multistage nozzle, an effervescent nozzle and a newly developed internal- mixing air-blast nozzle, for atomization of Coal-Water Slurry (CWS) were investigated. Influence of CWS properties including surface tension and apparent viscosity on atomization was studied. Comparisons among the nozzles were carried out in terms of spray droplet mean diameter and fuel output. Versatility of each nozzle was investigated and atomization mechanism of each nozzle was analyzed as well. The results showed that the newly developed internal- mixing air-blast nozzle has high fuel output and small mean droplet size in the spray, but the multistage nozzle has high versatility for handling of low quality CWS.

关键词： CWS coal-water slurry atomization nozzle.

Precursor chemistry towards highly efficient and phase-stable red emitting CsPbI_(3) perovskite nanocrystals

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Nano Research 2022年第1期15卷 644-652页

作者： Dejian Chen Decai Huang Mingwei Yang kunyuan Xu Jie Hu Sisi Liang Haomiao Zhu CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals(CsPbX_(3),X=Cl,Br,I)have attracted considerable scientific and technological interest due to their precise bandgap tunability,high color purity and efficient ***,their poor stability in harsh conditions such as moisture,ultraviolet(UV)light irradiation and high temperature,is a major obstacle for their further commercial ***,by simply using a new type of precursor,namely“HPbX_(3)”(X=Cl,Br,I),we can achieve the coordination equilibrium for Pb precursors during reaction and obtain high-quality perovskite nanocrystals with tremendously enhanced luminous efficiency and chemical stability based on hot-injection *** prepared a-CsPbb nanocrystals exhibit an extremely high photoluminescence quantum yield of 96%and keep stable in air for more than two months without any post-synthesis ***,stability evaluations under UV light irradiation,water or thermal impact are also performed and the results show substantially improved stability of these nanocrystals as compared with the samples prepared using traditional Pbl_(2) as *** temperature-dependent(10-300 K)steady and transient spectral analysis combined with compositional measurements,it is revealed that the lower structural defect density,which is guaranteed by abundant halogen when using HPbX3 as precursor,is the most important reason for such performance enhancement.

关键词： perovskite nanocrystals CsPbX_(3) precursor stability vacancy defect

Ballistic transport in nanoscale self-switching devices

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第21期56卷 2206-2209页

作者： CHEN ZiMin ZHENG ZhiYuan XU kunyuan WANG Gang State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China

Using the Monte Carlo method,a type of semiconductor nano-device called self-switching device (SSD),which has diode-like I-V characteristics,was *** analyzing the microscopic transport behavior of the carriers,we show that the ballistic effects exist in the SSDs when the channel length of the device is extremely short (～120 nm).Furthermore,we show that the ballistic effect doubles the average drift velocity of the carriers (to ～6.0×107 cm/s) in short-channel SSDs,which decreases the transit *** implies that when the dimensions are decreased to nanoscale length,the SSD can operate much faster because the ballistic effect increases the operation speed of the ***,because of the ballistic transport,the energy efficiency may also be improved.

关键词：弹道输运开关设备纳米级蒙特卡罗方法通道长度操作速度开关器件纳米器件

Advancing microarray fabrication:One-pot synthesis and highresolution patterning of UV-crosslinkable perovskite quantum dots

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Nano Research 2024年第9期17卷 8600-8609页

作者： Linfeng Yuan Dejian Chen Kun He Jiamin Xu kunyuan Xu Jie Hu Sisi Liang Haomiao Zhu CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou 350108China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen Research Center of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

The development of highly efficient,solution-processable,and environmentally stable perovskite quantum dots(PQDs)is crucial for their accurate high-resolution patterning and subsequently enabling the practical deployment of PQD based emissive display *** study presents an innovative strategy for integrating all-inorganic PQDs and ultraviolet(UV)crosslinkable acrylate polymer at a structural and functional *** achievement is accomplished by meticulous design and one-pot synthesis of UV-crosslinkable CsPbX_(3)(X=Cl,Br,I)PQDs solution,which exhibit outstanding environmental *** the solution-processable characteristics of the resulting UV-crosslinkable PQDs,precise patterning of high-resolution(2μm,7608 pixels·in.^(-1))and colorful PQDs microarrays can be readily achieved through inkjet printing and high-throughput photolithography(~2μm in pitch line/space patterning).The UV cross-linked process guarantees a homogeneous distribution of PQDs,effectively mitigating coffee ring effect and improving the overall quality of stereoscopic *** photo-cured PQDs film,which undergoes free radical photopolymerization,displays an impressive photoluminescence quantum yield(PL QY)of up to 89.2%,reaching 98%of the value observed in the solution *** approach outlined in this research is both cost-effective and pragmatic,exhibiting tremendous promise for diverse system-level integrated optoelectronic devices,such as ultra-high-resolution micro-light-emitting device(micro-LED)displays.

关键词： perovskite quantum dots microarrays cross-linking strategy Inkjet printing photolithography

Synthesis and optical properties of highly efficient Na_(3)KMg_(7)(PO_(4))_(6):Eu^(2+)blue phosphor for full-spectrum white-light-emitting diodes:The role of Li_(2)CO_(3)flux

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1217-1223,I0001页

作者： Zihao Wang Sisi Liang Chenyang Zhan kunyuan Xu Jie Hu Dejian Chen Liping Song Haomiao Zhu School of Physics and Materials Science Nanchang UniversityNanchang330000China Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of SciencesGanzhou341000China CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350002China Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen Research Center of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen361021China

Full-spectrum phosphor-converted white-light-emitting diodes(pc-WLED)are emerging as a mainstream technology in semiconductor ***,high-performance blue phosphor which can be excited efficiently by a 400 nm NUV diode chip is still ***,we present a blue-emitting Na_(3)KMg_(7)(PO_(4))6:Eu^(2+)phosphor synthesized by the solid-reaction ***,we find that the using of Li_(2)CO_(3)as flux can significantly improve the crystal quality and thus the emission efficiency of the ***,the excitation peak of the phosphor shifts from 365 to 400 nm,which is pivotal for efficient NUV(400 nm)diode chip *** practical Eu^(2+)concentration is also enhanced by using Li_(2)CO_(3)as flux,and the absorption efficiency is greatly *** phosphor exhibits superior PL thermal stability,namely retains 94%integrated photoluminescence intensity at 150℃of that at 25℃.As a result,the optimized phosphor shows an emission band peaked at 437 nm with a bandwidth of 40 nm and a high external photoluminescence quantum yield of 51.7%.Finally,a pc-WLED was fabricated by using NKMPO:Eu^(2+)blue,Sr_(2)SiO_(4):Eu^(2+)green,CaAlSiN_(3):Eu^(2+)red phosphors,and a 400 nm NUV diode *** shows a high color rendering index of R_(a)=96.4 and a correlated color temperature of 4358 *** results prove that NKMPO:Eu^(2+)is a promising blue phosphor for full-spectrum WLED based on NUV diode chips.

关键词： Eu^(2+) Blue phosphor Na_(3)KMg_(7)(PO_(4))_(6) Full-spectrum white LEDs Rare earths