The predictive factors of prognosis and treatment strategies for small-cell carcinoma (SCC) of the urinary tract are controversial. This study was aimed to investigate the clinical experience and management of patie...
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The predictive factors of prognosis and treatment strategies for small-cell carcinoma (SCC) of the urinary tract are controversial. This study was aimed to investigate the clinical experience and management of patients with SCC of the urinary tract. We collected data of patients who were diagnosed with genitourinary SCC (GSCC) between 2002 and 2013 and were treated in the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. A total of 18 patients were diagnosed with GSCC of which 10 originated from the prostate, seven from the bladder and one from the adrenal gland. The mean follow-up time was 15.5 months and progression-free survival (PFS) was 9.3 months. Primary tumor resection was attempted in 13 of 18 patients (72.2%) in whom radical surgery was performed in six of 14 (42.9%) limited disease patients. Most of the patients (13, 72.2%) received cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Patients who had normal lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels showed a significantly higher median PFS and overall survival (OS) compared with patients with high LDH levels (P = 0,030, P = 0.010). Patients with limited disease treated with a radical operation experienced a non-significant (P = 0,211) longer PFS compared with patients who were not treated, but this reached statistical significance after analyzing OS (P = 0.211, P = 0.039). Our patients showed a poor prognosis as reported previously. Serum LDH levels beyond the normal range indicate a poor prognosis. For GSCC patients who are diagnosed with limited disease, radical surgery is strongly recommended along with cisplatin-based chemotherapy,
SRY-related HMG-box(Sox) transcription factors are known to regulate central nervous system development and are involved in several neurological ***-translational modification of Sox proteins is known to alter their f...
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SRY-related HMG-box(Sox) transcription factors are known to regulate central nervous system development and are involved in several neurological ***-translational modification of Sox proteins is known to alter their functions in the central nervous *** the different types of post-translational modification,small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO) modification of Sox proteins has been shown to modify their transcriptional ***,we review the mechanisms of three Sox proteins in neuronal development and disease,along with their transcriptional changes under *** three species,lysine is the conserved residue for *** Drosophila,SUMOylation of Sox N plays a repressive role in transcriptional activity,which impairs central nervous system ***,de SUMOylation of Sox E and Sox11 plays neuroprotective roles,which promote neural crest precursor formation in Xenopus and retinal ganglion cell differentiation as well as axon regeneration in the *** further discuss a potential translational therapy by SUMO site modification using AAV gene transduction and Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 *** the underlying mechanisms of Sox SUMOylation,especially in the rodent system,may provide a therapeutic strategy to address issues associated with neuronal development and neurodegeneration.
A reversible disulfide bond-based self-healing polyurethane with triple shape memory properties was prepared by chain extending of random copolymer poly(lactide-co-caprolactone)(PCLA), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)...
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A reversible disulfide bond-based self-healing polyurethane with triple shape memory properties was prepared by chain extending of random copolymer poly(lactide-co-caprolactone)(PCLA), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), polytetrahydrofuran (PTMEG), and 4,4,-aminophenyl disulfide. The chemical structures were characterized using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (^1H-NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermal properties, selfhealing properties, triple-shape memory effect, and quantitative shape memory response were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile tests, two-step programming process thermal mechanical experiments, and subsequent progressive thermal recovery. The self-healing mechanism and procedures were investigated using polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and an optical profiler. It was concluded that self-healing properties (up to 60%) and triple-shape memory properties around 35 and 50℃(with shape fixation ratios of 94.3% and 98.3%, shape recovery ratios of 76.6% and 85.1%, respectively) were integrated to the shape memory polyurethane. As-prepared polyurethane is expected to have potential applications in multi-shape coatings, films, and step-by-step deploying structures.
Glaucoma,characterized by a degenerative loss of retinal ganglion cells,is the second leading cause of blindness *** is currently no cure for vision loss in glaucoma because retinal ganglion cells do not regenerate an...
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Glaucoma,characterized by a degenerative loss of retinal ganglion cells,is the second leading cause of blindness *** is currently no cure for vision loss in glaucoma because retinal ganglion cells do not regenerate and are not replaced after *** stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cell transplant is a potential therapeutic strategy for retinal ganglion cell degenerative *** this review,we first discuss a 2D protocol for retinal ganglion cell differentiation from human stem cell culture,including a rapid protocol that can generate retinal ganglion cells in less than two weeks and focus on their transplantation ***,we discuss using 3D retinal organoids for retinal ganglion cell transplantation,comparing cell suspensions and *** review provides insight into current knowledge on human stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cell differentiation and transplantation,with an impact on the field of regenerative medicine and especially retinal ganglion cell degenerative diseases such as glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.
Glaucoma and other optic neuropathies result in optic nerve degeneration and the loss of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)through complex signaling *** the mechanisms that regulate RGC development remain unclear,uncoveri...
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Glaucoma and other optic neuropathies result in optic nerve degeneration and the loss of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)through complex signaling *** the mechanisms that regulate RGC development remain unclear,uncovering novel developmental pathways may support new strategies to regenerate the optic nerve or replace *** we review recent studies that provide strong evidence that the Sry-related high-mobility-group C(SoxC)subfamily of transcription factors(TFs)are necessary and sufficient for axon guidance and RGC fate *** findings also uncover novel SoxC-dependent mechanisms that serve as master regulators during important steps of RGC *** example,we review work showing that SoxC TFs regulate RGC axon guidance and direction through the optic chiasm towards their appropriate targets in the *** also review work demonstrating that Sox11 subcellular localization is,in part,controlled through small ubiquitin-like post-translational modifier(SUMO)and suggest compensatory cross-talk between Sox4 and ***,Sox4 overexpression is shown to positively drive RGC differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cells(hi PSCs).Finally,we discuss how these findings may contribute to the advancement of regenerative and cell-based therapies to treat glaucoma and other optic nerve neuropathies.
This paper considers the scattering of a time-dependent electromagnetic plane wave by a bounded elastic *** appropriate decomposition of the coupling interface conditions is proposed according to the Voigt’s model be...
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This paper considers the scattering of a time-dependent electromagnetic plane wave by a bounded elastic *** appropriate decomposition of the coupling interface conditions is proposed according to the Voigt’s model between the electromagnetic and elastic *** original unbounded scattering problem is equivalently reduced into an initial-boundary value problem in a bounded domain by introducing an exact transparent boundary condition(TBC)on a sufficiently large *** use of the Lax-Milgram lemma,the abstract inversion theorem of Laplace transform and the energy method,we verify the well-posedness and stability for the reduced ***,a priori estimates are established for the electromagnetic field and elastic displacement by taking special test functions directly in the time domain variational formulation.
To investigate the evacuation behaviors of pedestrians considering the action of guards and to develop an effective evacuation strategy in an artificial attack, an extended floor field model is proposed. In this model...
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To investigate the evacuation behaviors of pedestrians considering the action of guards and to develop an effective evacuation strategy in an artificial attack, an extended floor field model is proposed. In this model, the artificial attacker's assault on pedestrians, the death of pedestrians, and the guard's capture are involved simultaneously. An alternative evacuation strategy which can largely reduce the number of casualties is developed and the effects of several key parameters such as the deterrence radius and capture distance on evacuation dynamics are studied. The results show that congestion near the exit has dual effects. More specifically, the guard can catch all attackers in a short time because the artificial attackers have a more concentrated distribution, but more casualties can occur because it is hard for pedestrians to escape the assault due to congestion. In contrast, when pedestrians have more preference of approaching the guard, although the guard will take more time to capture the attackers resulting from the dispersion of the attackers, the death toll will decrease. One of the reasons is the dispersal of the crowd, and the decrease in congestion is beneficial for escape. The other is that the attackers will be caught before launching the attack on the people who are around the guard, in other words, the guard protects a large number of pedestrians from being killed. Moreover, increasing capture distance of the guard can effectively reduce the casualties and the catch time. As the deterrence radius reflecting the tendency of escaping from the guard for attackers rises, it becomes more difficult for the guard to catch the attackers and more casualties are caused. However, when the deterrence radius reaches a certain level, the number of deaths is reduced because the attackers prefer to stay as far away as possible from the guard rather than occupy a position where they could assault more people.
The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of Mathieu combined urethral plate incision(Mathieu-IP)versus onlay island flap urethroplasty in patients with distal hypospadias complicated by urethral *** clinical d...
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The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of Mathieu combined urethral plate incision(Mathieu-IP)versus onlay island flap urethroplasty in patients with distal hypospadias complicated by urethral *** clinical data of 70 patients with distal hypospadias complicated by urethral plate stenosis treated in the Department of Urology,Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital(Hefei,China),from May 2019 to May 2022,were retrospectively ***-eight patients underwent Mathieu-IP(Mathieu-IP group)and 32 underwent onlay island flap urethroplasty(Onlay group).Follow-ups at 1 month,6 months,and 12 months postoperatively assessed operative time,complications,urethral meatus morphology,and family *** Mathieu-IP group had significantly shorter operative time(mean±standard deviation[s.d.]:81.58±5.18 min)versus the Onlay group(mean±s.d.:110.75±6.05 min;P0.05).Complications were comparable between the *** Mathieu-IP group resulted in a vertical slit-shaped urethral meatus in 89.5%versus 13.8%in the Onlay group(P<0.05).Family satisfaction with general penile appearance and skin shape showed no significant differences,but the Mathieu-IP group had higher satisfaction with meatal position(P<0.05).Mathieu-IP offers simplicity,safety,and shorter operative time compared to *** the techniques effectively treat urethral plate stenosis in distal hypospadias,with reduced postoperative complications compared to tubularized incised plate ***-IP results in a vertical slit-shaped urethral meatus which enhances urinary stream,indicating its potential for broader adoption.
In this artide, highly [010]-oriented self-assembled LiCoPO4/C nanoflakes were prepared through simple and facile solution-phase strategies at low temperature and ambient pressure. The formation of 5-hydroxylmethylfur...
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In this artide, highly [010]-oriented self-assembled LiCoPO4/C nanoflakes were prepared through simple and facile solution-phase strategies at low temperature and ambient pressure. The formation of 5-hydroxylmethylfurfural and levoglucosan via the dehydration of glucose during the reaction played a key role in mediating the morphology and structure of the resulting products. LiCoPO4 highly oriented along the (010)-facets exposed Li^+ ion transport channels, facilitating ultrafast lithium ion transportation. In turn, the unique assembled mesoporous structure and the flake-like morphology of the prepared products benefit lithium ion batteries constructed using two-dimensional (2D) LiCoPO4/C nanoflakes self- assembles as cathodes and commercial Li4Ti5O12 as anodes. The tested batteries provide high capacities of 154.6 mA·h·g^-1 at 0.1 C (based on the LiCoPO4 weight of 1 C = 167 mA·h·g^-1) and stable cycling with 93.1% capacity retention after 100 cycles, which is outstanding compared to other recently developed LiCoPO4 cathodes.
The three-dimensional complex [Cd(μ1,3-SCN)(μ3-pco)]n has been synthesized with μ1,3-SCN^- and pco as mixed bridged ligands. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 10.3777(16), b = 6.2...
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The three-dimensional complex [Cd(μ1,3-SCN)(μ3-pco)]n has been synthesized with μ1,3-SCN^- and pco as mixed bridged ligands. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 10.3777(16), b = 6.2592(9), c = 13.150(2) A, β= 97.317(2)°, V= 847.2(2) A^3, Z= 4, C6H3CdN3O3S, Mr = 309.575, Dc = 2.427 g/cm^3, F(000) = 592 and μ = 2.804 mm^-1. The structure was refined to R = 0.0255 and wR = 0.0550 for 1712 observed reflections (1 〉 2σ(I)). In the crystal the Cd(Ⅱ) ions are coordinated by μ1,3-SCN^- and μ3-pco bridge ligands to form a three-dimensional structure.
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