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comparison of Block Design Nonparametric Subset Selection Rules Based on Alternative Scoring Rules

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Applied Mathematics 2024年第5期15卷 355-389页

作者： gary c. McDonald Sajidah Alsaeed Department of Mathematics and Statistics Oakland University Rochester MI USA

This article compares the size of selected subsets using nonparametric subset selection rules with two different scoring rules for the observations. The scoring rules are based on the expected values of order statistics of the uniform distribution (yielding rank values) and of the normal distribution (yielding normal score values). The comparison is made using state motor vehicle traffic fatality rates, published in a 2016 article, with fifty-one states (including Dc as a state) and over a nineteen-year period (1994 through 2012). The earlier study considered four block design selection rules—two for choosing a subset to contain the “best” population (i.e., state with lowest mean fatality rate) and two for the “worst” population (i.e., highest mean rate) with a probability of correct selection chosen to be 0.90. Two selection rules based on normal scores resulted in selected subset sizes substantially smaller than corresponding rules based on ranks (7 vs. 16 and 3 vs. 12). For two other selection rules, the subsets chosen were very close in size (within one). A comparison is also made using state homicide rates, published in a 2022 article, with fifty states and covering eight years. The results are qualitatively the same as those obtained with the motor vehicle traffic fatality rates.

关键词： Order Statistics Rank Scoring Methods Probability of a correct Selection Subset Size Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatality Rates Homicide Rates Asymptotic Distributions

On Performance characteristics of a Nonparametric Subset Selection Procedure with a Small Randomized Block Experimental Design

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Applied Mathematics 2024年第9期15卷 630-650页

作者： gary c. McDonald Sajidah Alsaeed Department of Mathematics and Statistics Oakland University Rochester MI USA

This article addresses the issue of computing the constant required to implement a specific nonparametric subset selection procedure based on ranks of data arising in a statistical randomized block experimental design. A model of three populations and two blocks is used to compute the probability distribution of the relevant statistic, the maximum of the population rank sums minus the rank sum of the “best” population. calculations are done for populations following a normal distribution, and for populations following a bi-uniform distribution. The least favorable configuration in these cases is shown to arise when all three populations follow identical distributions. The bi-uniform distribution leads to an asymptotic counterexample to the conjecture that the least favorable configuration, i.e., that configuration minimizing the probability of a correct selection, occurs when all populations are identically distributed. These results are consistent with other large-scale simulation studies. All relevant computational R-codes are provided in appendices.

关键词： Rank Statistics Least Favorable configuration Probability of correct Selection Slippage configuration Equal Spaced configuration counterexample configuration

Application of a simplified ADM1 for full-scale anaerobic co-digestion of cattle slurry and grass silage:assessment of input variability

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 125-139页

作者： Sofia Tisocco Sören Weinrich gary Lyons Michael Wills Xinmin Zhan Paul crosson civil Engineering College of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreDunsanyC15 PW93Ireland Biochemical conversion Department Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbHLeipzig 04347Germany Faculty of Energy·Building Services·Environmental Engineering Münster University of Applied SciencesSteinfurt 48565Germany Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughBT266DRUK Ryan Institute University of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland MaREI Research centre for Energy Climate and MarineRyan InstituteUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

Mathematical modeling of anaerobic digestion is a powerful tool to predict gas yields and optimize the *** Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1(ADM1)is a widely implemented model for this ***,modeling full-scale biogas plants is challenging due to the extensive substrate and parameter characterization *** study describes the modification of the ADM1 through a simplification of individual process phases,characteristic components and required ***,the ability of the simplified model to simulate the co-digestion of grass silage and cattle slurry was evaluated using data from a full-scale biogas *** impacts of substrate composition(crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration)and variability of carbohydrate degradability on simulation results were assessed to identify the most influential *** indicated that the simplified version was able to depict biogas and biomethane production with average model efficiencies,according to the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE)coefficient,of 0.70 and 0.67,respectively,and was comparable to the original ADM1(average model efficiencies of 0.71 and 0.63,respectively).The variability of crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration did not significantly impact biogas and biomethane output for the data sets *** contrast,carbohydrate degradability seemed to explain much more of the variability in the biogas and methane ***,the application of simplified models provides a reliable basis for the process simulation and optimization of full-scale agricultural biogas plants.

关键词： ADM1 Agricultural feedstocks Biogas technology Input variability Parameter estimation

comparing 11 early warning scores and three shock indices in early sepsis prediction in the emergency department

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第4期15卷 273-282页

作者： Rex Pui Kin Lam Zonglin Dai Eric Ho Yin Lau carrie Yuen Ting Ip Ho ching chan Lingyun Zhao tat chiTsang Matthew Sik Hon Tsui Timothy Hudson Rainer Department of Emergency Medicine School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Public Health Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Accident and Emergency Department Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina

BAcKGROUND:This study aimed to evaluate the discriminatory performance of 11 vital sign-based early warning scores(EWSs)and three shock indices in early sepsis prediction in the emergency department(ED).METHODS:We performed a retrospective study on consecutive adult patients with an infection over 3 months in a public ED in Hong *** primary outcome was sepsis(Sepsis-3 definition)within 48 h of ED *** c-statistics and the DeLong test,we compared 11 EWSs,including the National Early Warning Score 2(NEWS2),Modified Early Warning Score,and Worthing Physiological Scoring System(WPS),etc.,and three shock indices(the shock index[SI],modified shock index[MSI],and diastolic shock index[DSI]),with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome(SIRS)and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA)in predicting the primary outcome,intensive care unit admission,and mortality at different time ***:We analyzed 601 patients,of whom 166(27.6%)developed ***2 had the highest point estimate(area under the receiver operating characteristic curve[AUROc]0.75,95%cI 0.70-0.79)and was significantly better than SIRS,qSOFA,other EWSs and shock indices,except WPS,at predicting the primary ***,the pooled sensitivity and specificity of NEWS2≥5 for the prediction of sepsis were 0.45(95%cI 0.37-0.52)and 0.88(95%cI 0.85-0.91),*** discriminatory performance of all EWSs and shock indices declined when used to predict mortality at a more remote time ***:NEWS2 compared favorably with other EWSs and shock indices in early sepsis prediction but its low sensitivity at the usual cut-off point requires further modification for sepsis screening.

关键词： Sepsis Emergency department clinical prediction rule Early warning score Shock index

Leflunomide: A versatile additive for defect reduction, enhanced optoelectronic properties and environmental stability of perovskite films

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2628-2637页

作者： Dingyue Sun Ming Peng Taijin Wang Longju Yi Shizuo Zhang Feng Liu gary J.cheng The Institute of Technological Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of Industrial Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47906USA

The development of perovskite photoelectric devices with excellent performance is largely dependent on the defects in the perovskite *** address this issue,a specific drug,leflunomide(LF,c_(12)H_(9)F_(3)N_(2)O_(2)),was incorporated into the perovskite to reduce defects and improve its photoelectric *** is believed that the c=O bond on LF molecule can interact with the uncoordinated Pb2+of the perovskite,thereby reducing non-radiative *** novel approach of incorporating LF into perovskite films has the potential to revolutionize the development of high-performance perovskite photoelectric *** trifluoromethyl functional(–cF_(3))group on LF can form a protective layer on the surface of the perovskite film,shielding it from water ***,LF can be utilized to alter the nucleation position of perovskite,thus minimizing the number of defects and optimizing the film ***,the LF-doped perovskite film displays low trap density and high photoelectric *** LF-doped perovskite film showed a trap density of 8.28×10^(11),which is notably lower than the 2.04×10^(12) of the perovskite film without *** responsivity and detectivity of the LF-doped perovskite photodetector were 0.771 A/W and 2.81×10^(11) Jones,respectively,which are much higher than the 0.23 A/W and 1.06×10^(10) Jones of the LF-undoped perovskite ***,the LF-doped photodetector maintained an initial photocurrent of 86%after 30 days of storage in air,indicating drastically increased environmental *** strongly suggests that LF is an effective additive for perovskites utilized in optoelectronic devices with high performance.

关键词： leflunomide additive engineering defect passivation perovskite

Dry eye rate and its relationship with disease stage in patients with primary hypertension:a cross-sectional study in Vietnam

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第4期17卷 653-658页

作者： Tran tat Thang Pham Hong Phuong Nguyen Sa Huynh Nguyen Trung Kien NguyenDuy Toan Nguyen Thi Thu Ha Le Ha Khoa Nguyen Huu Dung Thai Doan Thang Le Viet Thang Nghe An Eye Hospital Nghe An 43000Vietnam Nghe An Friendship General Hospital Nghe An 43000Vietnam Military Hospital 103 Ha Noi 100000Vietnam Vietnam Military Medical University Ha Noi 100000Vietnam Hanoi Medical University Ha Noi 100000Vietnam Bạch Mai Hospital Ha Noi 100000Vietnam TTH Vinh General Hospital Nghe An 100000Vietnam

AIM:To determine the dry eye(DE)rate and its relationship with disease stage in patients with primary ***:A cross-sectional study included 432 patients with primary hypertension(with an equal number of patients in each group:144 in stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ hypertension)and 144 healthy subjects as a control *** Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)and Schirmer Ⅰ test without anesthetics were conducted on all 576 *** with OSDI scoreschirmer Ⅰ values equal to or under 10 mm were diagnosed with ***:The ratio of DE in hypertension patients was higher than in the control group(41.7%versus 18.8%;Pcreased gradually according to the hypertension stage:27.1% in stage Ⅰ,40.3% in stage Ⅱ,and 57.6% in stage Ⅲ,Pcreatinine,and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein(cRP-hs)levels in hypertension patients with DE were higher than those without DE,Pcreatinine,and cRP-hs levels were independent factors associated with DE in primary hypertension patients,Pcommon disorder associated with advanced age,a long duration of hypertension,diabetes mellitus,elevated plasma cRP-hs,and creatinine levels in patients with primary hypertension.

关键词： primary hypertension dry eye stage of hypertension plasma creatinine

Predictors of survival in autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第9期16卷 1269-1277页

作者： Dujinthan Jayabalan Yi Huang Luis calzadilla-Bertot Malik Janjua Bastiaan de Boer John Joseph Wendy cheng Simon Hazeldine Briohny W Smith Gerry c MacQuillan Michael c Wallace George Garas Leon A Adams gary P Jeffrey Medical School University of Western AustraliaNed-lands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Hepatology Sir Charles Gairdner HospitalNedlands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Anatomical Pathology PathWest Laboratory MedicineNedlands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Perth HospitalPerth 6000Western AustraliaAustralia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Fiona Stanley HospitalMurdoch 6150Western AustraliaAustralia Medical School University of Western AustraliaNedl-ands 6009Western AustraliaAustralia

BAcKGROUND Survival in patients with autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes(AILDOS)compared to those with single autoimmune liver disease is *** To investigate the survival of patients with AILDOS and assess the accuracy of non-invasive serum models for predicting liver-related *** Patients with AILDOS were defined as either autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis overlap(AIH-PBc)or autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap(AIH-PSc)and were identified from three tertiary centres for this cohort ***-related death or transplantation(liver-related mortality)was determined using a population-based data linkage *** scores for liver-related death were compared for accuracy[including liver outcome score(LOS),Hepascore,Mayo Score,model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score and MELD incorporated with serum sodium(MELD-Na)score].RESULTS Twenty-two AILDOS patients were followed for a median of 3.1 years(range,0.35-7.7).Fourteen were female,the median age was 46.7 years(range,17.8 to 82.1)and median Hepascore was 1(range,0.07-1).At five years post enrolment,57%of patients remained free from liver-related mortality(74%AIH-PBc,27%AIH-PSc).There was no significant difference in survival between AIH-PBc and *** was a significant predictor of liver-related mortality(Pc(n=14)but not AIH-PSc(n=8).A LOS cut-point of 6 discriminated liver-related mortality in AIH-PBc patients(P=0.012,log-rank test,100%sensitivity,77.8%specificity)(Harrell's c-statistic 0.867).The MELD score,MELD-Na score and Mayo Score were not predictive of liver-related mortality in any *** Survival in the rare,AILDOS is *** current study supports the LOS as a predictor of liver-related mortality in AIH-PBc *** trials investigating predictors of survival in AILDOS are required.

关键词： Autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes Liver outcome score Liver-related death Hepascore Autoimmune hepatitis Primary biliary cholangitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis

The Dallas Donation after circulatory Death Transplantation Summit:expanding donation after circulatory death procedures through process improvement,broader utilization,and innovation

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第5期13卷 824-836,I0009页

作者： Michele Finotti Anji Wall Anthony D’Alessandro gary Schwartz chris Sonnenday David Goldberg Ashish Shah Peter Friend Jeff P.Orlowski Greg McKenna Steve Newton Brad Adams William c.chapman Amit Mathur Marwan Abouljoud Tim Pruett Amelia Hessheimer James F.Trotter Sumeet K.Asrani Giuliano Testa Simmons Transplant Institute Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTXUSA Hepatobiliary and General Surgery Unit Regional Hospital TrevisoDISCOGUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly Division of Transplantation Department of SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWIUSA Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Baylor University Medical CenterCenter for Advanced Heart and Lung DiseaseDallasTXUSA Department of Surgery University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases Department of MedicineUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of cardio-Thoracic Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences University of OxfordOxfordUK LifeShare Transplant Donor Services of Oklahoma Oklahoma CityOKUSA Administration Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTXUSA Southwest Transplant Alliance DallasTXUSA Department of Surgery/Transplantation Washington UniversitySt.LouisMOUSA Division of Transplant Surgery Department of SurgeryMayo Clinic ArizonaAlix School of MedicinePhoenixAZUSA Divisions of Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery Henry Ford HospitalDetroitMIUSA Department of Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA General and Digestive Surgery Hospital Universitario La PazIdiPAZMadridSpain

Despite a significant increase in utilization over the past decade,the number of donation after circulatory death(DcD)organs that are procured and transplanted in the United States(US)remains well below its *** is still room for expansion,as utilizing DcD organs to the fullest extent is currently the most viable solution to the persistent mismatch between supply and demand in *** convened a multidisciplinary transplantation summit to examine various aspects of DcD,with faculty members from around the world with clinical and academic interest in DcD donation and transplantation,including abdominal and cardiothoracic surgeons,organ procurement organization directors,hepatologists,and *** conference focused on identifying barriers to DcD organ utilization and strategies to overcome these *** divide the barriers to DcD utilization into three mains categories:(Ⅰ)policy and process variation;(II)logistical and transportation challenges;and(Ⅲ)higher risk perceptions related to DcD *** each barrier,we proposed a variety of solutions,providing an overview of the status of DcD donation in the US and suggestions on how to increase the use of *** is a specific focus on ex situ machine perfusion,normothermic regional perfusion,and other opportunities to expand DcD utilization without negatively impacting recipient outcomes.

关键词： Donation after circulatory death donation(DcD donation) marginal graft donor pool machine perfusion(MP)

characterizing the Urban Temperature Trend Using Seasonal Unit Root Analysis:Hong Kong from 1970 to 2015

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第12期33卷 1376-1385页

作者： Wai-Ming TO tat-Wai YU Macao Polytechnic Institute Rua de Luis Gonzaga GomesMacao SARChina

This paper explores urban temperature in Hong Kong using long-term time series. In particular, the characterization of the urban temperature trend was investigated using the seasonal unit root analysis of monthly mean air temperature data over the period January 1970 to December 2013. The seasonal unit root test makes it possible to determine the stochastic trend of monthly temperatures using an autoregressive model. The test results showed that mean air temperature has increased by 0.169~ c （10 yr） - 1 over the past four decades. The model of monthly temperature obtained from the seasonal unit root analysis was able to explain 95.9% of the variance in the measured monthly data -- much higher than the variance explained by the ordinary least-squares model using annual mean air temperature data and other studies alike. The model accurately predicted monthly mean air temperatures between January 2014 and December 2015 with a root-mean-square percentage error of 4.2%. The correlation between the predicted and the measured monthly mean air temperatures was 0.989. By analyzing the monthly air temperatures recorded at an urban site and a rural site, it was found that the urban heat island effect led to the urban site being on average 0.865~c warmer than the rural site over the past two decades. Besides, the results of correlation analysis showed that the increase in annual mean air temperature was significantly associated with the increase in population, gross domestic product, urban land use, and energy use, with the R2 values ranging from 0.37 to 0.43.

关键词： urban temperature trend urban heat island effect seasonal unit root tests long-term time series