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Species richness,phylogenetic diversity a.d phylogenetic structure pa.terns of exotic a.d na.ive pla.ts a.ong a. eleva.iona. gra.ient in the Hima.a.a

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Ecologica. Processes 2021年第1期10卷 877-889页

作者： kumar Ma.ish Depa.tment of Environmenta. Studies Dr.Bhim Rao Ambedkar CollegeUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia

Ba.kground:So fa.,ma.roecologica. studies in the Hima.a.a.ha.e mostly concentra.ed on spa.ia. va.ia.ion of overa.l species richness a.ong the eleva.iona. *** few studies ha.e a.tempted to document the diference in eleva.iona. richness pa.terns of na.ive a.d exotic *** this study,this knowledge ga. is a.dressed by integra.ing da.a.on phylogeny a.d eleva.iona. distribution of species to identify the va.ia.ion in species richness,phylogenetic diversity a.d phylogenetic structure of exotic a.d na.ive pla.t species a.ong a. eleva.iona. gra.ient in the ***:Species distribution pa.terns for exotic a.d na.ive species difered;exotics tended to show ma.imum species richness a. low eleva.ions while na.ives tended to predomina.e a. *** species a.sembla.es showed higher phylogenetic diversity tha. the exotic species a.sembla.es over the entire eleva.iona. gra.ient in the *** terms of phylogenetic structure,exotic species a.sembla.es showed ma.orly phylogenetic clustering while na.ive species a.sembla.es were cha.a.terized by phylogenetic overdispersion over the entire ***:The fndings of this study indica.e tha. a.ea. with high na.ive species richness a.d phylogenetic diversity a.e less receptive to exotic species a.d vice versa.in the *** a.sembla.es with high na.ive phylogenetic overdispersion a.e less receptive to exotic species tha. the phylogenetica.ly clustered *** ecologica. processes(ecologica. fltering in ca.e of exotics a.d resource a.d niche competition in ca.e of na.ives)ma. govern the distribution of exotic a.d na.ive species a.ong the eleva.iona. gra.ient in the Hima.a.a.

关键词： Exotic species Na.ive species Hima.a.a Eleva.iona. gra.ient Richness pa.tern

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Residue recycling options a.d their implica.ions for susta.na.le nitrogen ma.a.ement in rice-whea. a.roecosystems

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Ecologica. Processes 2023年第1期12卷 733-751页

作者： a.a. kumar Bha.dwa. Ka.il Ma.ik Ma.u Ra.i Utta. kumar Ma.da. Nirma.endu Ba.a. a.ta. Singh Ra.ender kumar Ya.a. Suresh kumar Cha.dha.i Dinesh kumar Sha.ma Centra. Soil Sa.inity Resea.ch Institute Kachhwa RoadKarnal 132001HaryanaIndia Centra. Soil Sa.inity Resea.ch Institute Regional Research StationCanning Town 743329West BengalIndia India. Council of a.ricultura. Resea.ch New Delhi 110012DelhiIndia Centra. Soil Sa.inity Resea.ch Institute Regional Research StationLucknow 226005Uttar PradeshIndia

Ba.kground In the Indo-Ga.getic Pla.n,rice-whea. is the most extensively pra.ticed crop *** esca.a.ing issue of crop residue burning,pa.ticula.ly rice stra.,a.d the necessity to lower the exorbita.t expenses a.socia.ed with fertilizer inputs sta.d out a. significa.t cha.lenges for fa.mers in the region.a.well-suited integra.ed nutrient ma.a.ement(INM)stra.egy tha. focuses on recycling crop residues ca. serve a. a.solution to a.dress these *** a.stra.egy not only mitiga.es a.r pollution resulting from residue burning but a.so helps comba. wa.er pollution due to nitra.e losses from *** experiments were used to eva.ua.e the suita.ility of eight INM-modules tha. included va.ious combina.ions of inorga.ic fertilizer ra.es(50%,100%,150%of recommended dose),crop residues(whea. a.d rice stubble retention a. 30 cm sta.ding stubble equiva.ent to 1/3 the stra. yield),rice stra. compost(RSC),fa.mya.d ma.ure(FYM),a.d green ma.uring(GM),compa.ed to 100%recommended dose of fertilizers(F)a.d no fertilizer *** There wa. a.considera.le improvement in nitrogen minera.iza.ion,gra.n yields,a.d nitrogen use efficiency under GM+RSC-F50 a.d GM+*** INM modules would permit a.50%reduction in the use of chemica. *** wa. a.little yield pena.ty with in situ rice residue incorpora.ion a. 100%F;however,this could be overcome with 150%F fertilizer *** situ retention of whea. stra. with a.full a.plica.ion of fertilizer resulted in stea.ily rising crop yields over *** in the redox potentia.,soil pH,a.d soil orga.ic ca.bon best a.counted for the observed tra.ectories in nitrogen use *** The most promising INM modules for a.option by fa.mers in the Indo-Ga.getic Pla.n to judiciously use crop residues a.d curta.l chemica. fertilizer inputs a.e green ma.uring with Sesba.ia.a.ulea.a.rice stra. compost a. 5 t ha.(−1)+only 50%of recommended dose of fertilizers(GM+RSC-F50),a.d green ma.uring with

关键词： Rice–whea. Nitrogen use efficiency Susta.na.le nitrogen ma.a.ement index Crop residue Rice stra. compost

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Study of Type-B QPOs Observed in Bla.k Hole X-Ra. Bina.y Swift J1728.9-3613

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Resea.ch in a.tronomy a.d a.trophysics 2024年第3期24卷 1-9页

作者： Ra. kumar a.trophysica. Sciences Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Homi Bha.ha.Na.iona. Institute Mumbai 400094India

We report the detection of type-B qua.i-periodic oscilla.ion(QPO)of the bla.k hole X-ra. bina.y Swift J1728.9-3613 observed by NICER during the 2019 outburst.a.type-B QPO wa. observed for the first two da.s a.d it disa.pea.ed a. flux increa.ed,but a.a.n a.pea.ed a.∼7.70 Hz when flux wa. dra.a.ica.ly *** source wa. found in the soft intermedia.e sta.e during these *** further studied the energy dependence of the *** found tha. QPO wa. observed only for a.higher energy ra.ge implying tha. the origin of QPO is possibly due to the corona.emitting higher energy photons by the inverse Compton *** va.ia.ion of spectra. pa.a.eters ca. be expla.ned with the disk trunca.ion *** fra.tiona. rms wa. found to be monotonica.ly increa.ed with *** pha.e la. spectrum followed the“U-sha.ed”*** rms a.d pha.e la. spectrum a.e modeled a.d expla.ned with the single-component Comptoniza.ion model vkompthdk.

关键词： X-ra.s bina.ies-a.cretion-a.cretion disks-X-ra.s individua. (Swift J1728.9-3613)

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Historica. tempora. va.ia.ion in precipita.ion over Western Hima.a.a. Region：1857-2006

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Journa. of Mounta.n Science 2016年第4期13卷 672-681页

作者： na.esh kumar a.hok kumar ja.wa. India.Meteorologica. Depa.tment Lodi Road New Delhi 110003 India India.Meteorologica. Depa.tment Pune 411005 India

This study ha. exa.ined the tempora. va.ia.ion in monthly, sea.ona. & a.nua. precipita.ion over the Western Hima.a.a. Region(WHR) a.d the influence of globa. teleconnections, like the North a.la.tic Oscilla.ion(Na.) a.d Southern Oscilla.ion(SO) Indices on sea.ona. & a.nua. precipita.ion. The Ma.n–Kenda.l non-pa.a.etric test is a.plied for trend detection a.d the Pettitt–Ma.n–Whitney test is used to detect possible shift. Ma.imum entropy spectra. a.a.ysis is a.plied to find the periodicity in a.nua. & sea.ona. precipita.ion. The study shows a.non-significa.t decrea.ing trend in a.nua. precipita.ion over WHR for the period 1857-2006. However, in sea.ona. precipita.ion, a.significa.t decrea.ing trend is observed in monsoon a.d a.significa.t increa.ing trend in post-monsoon sea.on during the sa.e period. The significa.t decrea.e in monsoon precipita.ion ma. be due to wea.ening of its teleconnection with Na. a. well a. SO Indices ma.nly during la.t three deca.es. It is observed tha. the proba.le cha.ge of yea. in a.nua. & monsoon precipita.ion over WHR is 1979. The study a.so shows significa.t periodicities of 2.3-2.9 yea.s a.d of 3.9-4.7 yea.s in a.nua. & sea.ona. precipita.ion over WHR.

关键词： Monsoon Precipita.ion Western Hima.a.a. region Tempora. Va.ia.ion

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Pa.R Reduction in NOMa.by Using Hybrid a.gorithms

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Computers, Ma.eria.s & Continua 2021年第10期69卷 1391-1406页

作者： Mohit kumar Sha.ma.a.un kumar Depa.tment of Electronics a.d Communica.ion Engineering JECRC UniversityJaipur303905India

Non-orthogona. multiple a.cess(NOMa.is ga.ning considera.le a.tention due to its fea.ures,such a. low out-of-ba.d ra.ia.ion,signa. detection ca.a.ility,high spectrum ga.n,fa.t da.a.ra.e,a.d ma.sive D2D *** ma. be considered for 5G ***,the high pea.-to-a.era.e power ra.io(Pa.R)is viewed a. a.significa.t disa.va.ta.e of a.NOMa.wa.eform,a.d it wea.ens the qua.ity of signa.s a.d the throughput of the *** this a.ticle,we introduce a.modified NOMa.system by employing a.block of wa.elet tra.sform,a. a.terna.ive to FFT(Fa.t Fourier tra.sform).The modified system combines the deta.ls of fra.tiona. frequency a.d time a.a.ysis of NOMa.*** this correspondence,we utilize a. a.va.ced pa.tia. tra.smission scheme(PTS),a.d selective ma.ping(SLM),a.d present a.genetic a.gorithm(Ga.for SLM to investiga.e the pea. power performa.ce of a.WT-ba.ed NOMa.*** performa.ce of WT-SLM,WT-PTS,a.d WT-SLM-Ga.methods is compa.ed with tha. of the tra.itiona. NOMa.a.ed SLM a.d PTS *** simula.ion results demonstra.e tha. the proposed system effectively reduces Pa.R in compa.ison with the tra.itiona. schemes.

关键词： Pa.R wa.elet tra.sform NOMA PTS SLM 5G

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Va.ia.ility in permea.ility a.d integrity of cell membra.e a.d depletion of food reserves in neem(a.a.ira.hta.indica. seeds from trees of different a.e cla.ses

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Journa. of Forestry Resea.ch 2014年第1期25卷 147-153页

作者： evendra.kumar Dhruv kumar Mishra Seed Testing La.ora.ory Silviculture DivisionArid Forest Research Institute

We qua.tified cell membra.e permea.ility （electrica. conduc-tivity-EC, wa.er soluble suga.-WSS, a.d a.ino a.ids-a.） a.d integrity （phospholipids,α-tocopherol a.d lipid peroxida.ion） a.ong with food reserve deteriora.ion （tota. proteins, tota. suga., a.d tota. sta.ch） of neem seeds collected from va.ious mother tree a.e cla.ses a.d stored for 65 da.s in a.rtight pla.tic conta.ners a. a.bient room tempera.ure （35±5°C）. Results show tha. the a.tivities were higher in fresh seeds （EC 267.56-2950.01 μS/g, WSS 19.96-19.48 mg/g a.d a. 5.40-5.35 mg/g） a.d declined with increa.ing dura.ion of stora.e period （EC 153.37-195.17 μS/g, WSS 3.13-4.17 mg/g a.d a. 4.29-4.49 mg/g a.ter 35 da.s a.d EC 144.02-161.56 μS/g, WSS 2.06-2.40 mg/g a.d a. 3.98-4.27 mg/g a.ter 65 da.s of stora.e）. Phospholipids a.dα-tocopherol were higher in fresh seed （0.073-0.093 OD a. 710 nm a.d 0.080-0.105 OD, respectively） a.d declined a. stora.e dura.ion in-crea.ed （0.033-0.042 OD a. 710 nm a.d 00.0010-0.0020 OD, respec-tively）. Dea. seeds showed reduced a.ounts of phospholipids a.d minimum a.tivity ofα- tocopherol （a.tioxida.ts）. The level of MDa.wa. lower in fresh seeds （0.0066-0.0087 OD a. 600-535 nm） a.d increa.ed a. stora.e dura.ion increa.ed （0.0248-0.0268 OD a.ter 65 da.s of stor-a.e）. The higher a.ount of MDa.indica.ed tha. seeds died due to ra.cid-ity of the oil inside the seed. Neem seed ca.e wa. a.sessed for deteriora.tion of food reserves （tota. proteins, tota. suga., a.d tota. sta.ch）, concen-tra.ions of which were higher in fresh seed a.d declined a. stora.e dura.tion increa.ed. Germina.ion wa. higher in fresh seeds a.d a.ter 65 da.s, no germina.ion wa. received perha.s due to deteriora.ion of biochemi-ca.s in seeds. Pa.terns of seed deteriora.ion were simila. a.ross a.l seed lots.

关键词： phospholipids α-Tocopherol Lipid peroxida.ion a.a.ira.hta.indica

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Punja.i DeConverter for genera.ing Punja.i from Universa. Networking La.gua.e

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Journa. of Zhejia.g University-Science C(Computers a.d Electronics) 2013年第3期14卷 179-196页

作者： Pa.teek kumar Ra.endra.kumar SHa.MA Depa.tment of Computer Science & Engineering Thapar University School of Ma.hema.ics & Computer a.plica.ions Thapar University

DeConverter is core softwa.e in a.Universa. Networking La.gua.e(UNL) system.a.UNL system ha. EnConverter a.d DeConverter a. its two ma.or *** is used to convert a.na.ura. la.gua.e sentence into a. equiva.ent UNL expression,a.d DeConverter is used to genera.e a.na.ura. la.gua.e sentence from a. input UNL *** pa.er presents design a.d development of a.Punja.i *** describes five pha.es of the proposed Punja.i DeConverter,i.e.,UNL pa.ser,lexeme selection,morphology genera.ion,function word insertion,a.d synta.tic *** pa.er a.so illustra.es a.l these pha.es of the Punja.i DeConverter with a.specia. focus on synta.tic linea.iza.ion issues of the Punja.i *** linea.iza.ion is the process of defining a.ra.gements of words in genera.ed *** a.gorithms a.d pseudocodes for implementa.ion of synta.tic linea.iza.ion of a.simple UNL gra.h,a.UNL gra.h with scope nodes a.d a.node ha.ing un-tra.ersed pa.ents or multiple pa.ents in a.UNL gra.h ha.e been discussed in this *** ca.es of synta.tic linea.iza.ion with respect to Punja.i la.gua.e for UNL rela.ions like 'a.d','or','fmt','cnt',a.d 'seq' ha.e a.so been presented in this *** pa.er a.so provides implementa.ion results of the proposed Punja.i *** DeConverter ha. been tested on 1000 UNL expressions by considering a.Spa.ish UNL la.gua.e server a.d a.ricultura. doma.n threa.s developed by India. Institute of Technology(IIT),Bomba.,India.a. *** proposed system genera.es 89.0% gra.ma.ica.ly correct sentences,92.0% fa.thful sentences to the origina. sentences,a.d ha. a.fluency score of 3.61 a.d a. a.equa.y score of 3.70 on a.4-point *** system is a.so a.le to a.hieve a.bilingua. eva.ua.ion understudy(BLEU) score of 0.72.

关键词： DeConverter EnConverter Ma.hine tra.sla.ion Universa. Networking La.gua.e(UNL) Synta.tic linea.iza.ion

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Proa.tive Connection Recovery Stra.egy with Recovery Time Constra.nt for Surviva.le Ela.tic Optica. Networks

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China.Communica.ions 2021年第9期18卷 236-248页

作者： Dinesh kumar Ra.iv kumar Neeru Sha.ma Depa.tment of Electronics&Communica.ion Engineering Jaypee University of Information Technology WaknaghatSolan(HP)India

This pa.er presents a.ha.fwa. signa.ing excha.ge sha.ed pa.h protection(HSE-SPP)on the ba.kup route for a.fa.t connection recovery *** the proposed HSE-SPP,a.pre-a.signed intermedia.e node on the ba.kup route is chosen for signa.ing *** connection fa.ls,source a.d destina.ion nodes simulta.eously genera.e ba.kup connection setup messa.es to the pre-a.signed intermedia.e node on the reserved ba.kup *** the intermedia.e node,signa.ing process occurs,a.d a.knowledgment is genera.ed for da.a.tra.smission to the respective end ***,connection recovery time by a.plying HSE-SPP becomes very *** a.e performed for network pa.a.eters a.d results a.e verified with existing *** a.era.e recovery time(RT),ba.dwidth blocking proba.ility(BBP),ba.dwidth provisioning ra.io(BPR),a.d resource overbuild(RO)ra.io of HSE-SPP for a.Pa.ET is 13.54 ms,0.18,3.02,0.55,a.d for dedica.ed pa.h protection(DPP)a.e 13.20 ms,0.56,6.30,3.75 a.d for sha.ed pa.h protection(SPP)22.19 ms,0.22,3.23,0.70 ***,a.era.e RT,BBP,BPR a.d RO of HSE-SPP for COST239 a.e8.33 ms,0.04,1.64,0.26,a.d for DPP 4.23,0.47,3.50,2.04,a.d for SPP 11.81,0.08,1.66,0.27 ***,results of the proposed stra.egy a.e better in terms of RT,BBP,BPR,a.d RO ra.io.

关键词： routing a.d spectrum a.signment ha.fwa. signa.ing excha.ge-sha.ed pa.h protection(HSE-SPP) dedica.ed pa.h protection ba.dwidth blocking proba.ility(BBP)

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Softwa.e design pa.tern mining using cla.sifica.ion-ba.ed techniques

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2018年第5期12卷 908-922页

作者： a.hish kumar DWIVEDI a.a.d TIRKEY Sa.ta.u kumar Ra.H Depa.tment of Computer Science a.d Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela 769008 India

Design pa.terns a.e often used in the development of object-oriented softwa.e. It offers reusa.le a.stra.t informa.ion tha. is helpful in solving recurring design problems. Detecting design pa.terns is beneficia. to the comprehension a.d ma.ntena.ce of object-oriented softwa.e systems. Severa. pa.tern detection techniques ba.ed on sta.ic a.a.ysis often encounter problems when detecting design pa.terns for identica. structures of pa.terns. In this study, we a.tempt to detect softwa.e design pa.terns by using softwa.e metrics a.d cla.sifica.ion-ba.ed techniques. Our study is conducted in two pha.es： crea.ion of metrics-oriented da.a.et a.d detection of softwa.e design pa.terns. The da.a.ets a.e prepa.ed by using softwa.e metrics for the lea.ning of cla.sifiers. Then, pa.tern detection is performed by using cla.sifica.ion-ba.ed techniques. To eva.ua.e the proposed method, experiments a.e conducted using three open source softwa.e progra.s, JHotDra., QuickUML, a.d JUnit, a.d the results a.e a.a.yzed.

关键词： design pa.terns design pa.tern mining ma.hinelea.ning techniques object-oriented metrics

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Long noncoding RNa. TRIMming the vira. loa.

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Cellula. & Molecula. Immunology 2019年第11期16卷 843-845页

作者： a.hilesh kumar Hima.shu kumar La.ora.ory of Immunology a.d Infectious Disea.e Biology Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research BhopalBhopal By-pass roadBhauriBhopalMadhya Pradesh 462066India La.ora.ory of Host Defense WPI Immunology Frontier Research CenterOsaka University3-1 Yamada-okaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

Viruses a.e obliga.e intra.ellula. entities tha. require a.living host a.d its ma.hinery for *** replica.ion,vira. components known a. pa.hogen-a.socia.ed molecula. pa.terns(Pa.Ps)a.e sensed by a.fa.ily of inna.e immune sensors or pa.tern recognition receptors(PRRs)a.d promote a. a.tivira. *** nucleic a.ids a.e one of the key Pa.Ps sensed by cytosolic RIG-I-like receptors(RLRs),Cyclic GMP-a.P Syntha.e(cGa.),a.sent In Mela.oma.2(a.M2),Interferon Ga.ma.Inducible Protein 16(IFI16),a.d Z-DNa.Binding Protein 1(ZBP1 or Da.)a.d endosome-loca.ized Toll-like receptors(TLR3,7,8,a.d 9).1 Recognition of vira. RNa.by Retinoic a.id-inducible gene I(RIG-I),Mela.oma.differentia.ion a.socia.ed gene 5(MDa.),a.d TLR3,7,a.d 8 or vira. DNa.by TLR9,cGa.,a.M2,IFI16,a.d Da. triggers a.ca.ca.e of signa.ing events to recruit tra.scription fa.tors,interferon regula.ory fa.tors a.d NF-κ*** IRF3/7 a.d NF-κB tra.sloca.e to the nucleus a.d induce expression of type I a.d III interferons a.d proinfla.ma.ory cytokines,respectively.1 The production of these interferons is further enha.ced in a. a.tocrine a.d pa.a.rine ma.ner through the Ja.-STa. signa.ing *** I a.d III interferons further induce interferoninducible genes,a.d together with proinfla.ma.ory cytokines,they develop a. a.tivira. *** a.tivira. sta.e is cha.a.terized by by a.optosis of vira.ly infected cells a.d inhibition of the cellula. protein synthesis ma.hinery,ma.ing the uninfected cells resista.t to vira. infection a.d initia.es virus-specific a.a.tive immune responses(Fig.1a..

关键词： interferon loa. vira.

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