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Treatment approach to type 2 diabetes:Past,present and future

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World Journal of Diabetes 2018年第12期9卷 209-219页

作者： kristina Blaslov Fran Stjepan Naranda Ivan Kruljac Ivana Pavlic Renar Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Mladen SeksoUniversity Hospital Center Sestre MilosrdniceZagreb 10000Croatia School of Medicine University of ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) is a lifelong metabolic disease, characterized by hyperglycaemia which gradually leads to the development and progression of vascular complications. It is recognized as a global burden disease, with substantial consequences on human health(fatality) as well as on health-care system costs. This review focuses on the topic of historical discovery and understanding the complexity of the disease in the field of pathophysiology, as well as development of the pharmacotherapy beyond insulin. The complex interplay of insulin secretion and insulin resistance developed from previously known "ominous triumvirate" to "ominous octet" indicate the implication of multiple organs in glucose metabolism. The pharmacological approach has progressed from biguanides to a wide spectrum of medications that seem to provide a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system. Despite this, we are still not achieving the target treatment goals. Thus, the future should bring novel antidiabetic drug classes capable of acting on several levels simultaneously. In conclusion, given the raising burden of type 2 DM, the best present strategy that could contribute the most to the reduction of morbidity and mortality should be focused on primary prevention.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Physical activity Hyperglycaemia Insulin resistance Hypoglycaemic agents

An Update on Efficacy and Safety of Emerging Hepatic Antifibrotic Agents

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2021年第1期9卷 60-70页

作者： Vinka Rupcic Rubin kristina Bojanic Martina Smolic Jurica Rubin Ashraf Tabll Robert Smolic Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Osijek University Hospital CentreFaculty of MedicineJosip Juraj Strossmayer University of OsijekOsijekCroatia Department of Biophysics and Radiology Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health OsijekJ.J.Strossmayer University of OsijekOsijekCroatia Department of Biophysics and Radiology Faculty of Medicine OsijekJ.J.Strossmayer University of OsijekOsijekCroatia Department of Radiology Health Center OsijekOsijekCroatia Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health OsijekJ.J.Strossmayer University of OsijekOsijekCroatia Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine OsijekJ.J.Strossmayer University of OsijekOsijekCroatia Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology/HepatologyUniversity Hospital OsijekOsijekCroatia Microbial Biotechnology Department Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research DivisionNational Research CentreDokkiEgypt Department of immunology Egypt Center for Research and RegenerativeMedicine(ECRRM)CairoEgypt Department of Pathophysiology Physiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Dental Medicine and Health OsijekJ.J.Strossmayer University of OsijekOsijekCroatia Department of Pathophysiology Faculty of Medicine OsijekJ.J.Strossmayer University of OsijekOsijekCroatia

Liver fibrosis represents a response to chronic liver *** dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis are the most common chronic liver diseases,both with increasing ***,there is a great impetus for development of agents targeting these *** data on possible treatment options for liver fibrosis are emerging in the ***,despite extensive research and much effort in the field,approved agents for liver fibrosis are still *** this critical review,we have summarized the main data about specific treatment options for liver fibrosis gained from ongoing clinical trials,with an emphasis on efficacy and safety of these agents.

关键词： Liver fibrosis MAFLD MASH Clinical trials Antifibrotic agents Efficacy Safety

Collaborative Research between South Africa and China:An Overview of Literacy Development in Grade R Classes in South Africa

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浙江外国语学院学报 2016年第6期 85-94页

作者： norma Margaret Nel College of Education University of South Africa

The main aim is to give a synopsis of the articles which were the first of three phases of an international collaborative research project betweAfrica and a university in *** overall theme of the project was:Literacy development in mary ***,an introduction,including the benefits and challenges of the intesearch project collaboration based on reports in literature,is ***,the background othe South Africa-China project and its three phases is ***,the literacy developmin primary schools in South Africa is ***,a synopsis of the South African tea’s em-pirical findings providing overviews of literacy development within the early ban and rural education in South Africa is *** overviews(together with two remaioverviews not included in this article)serve as a point of departure for the second phasearch project.

关键词：英语学习学习方法阅读知识阅读材料

HuR mediated post-transcriptional regulation as a new potential adjuvant therapeutic target in chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第46期21卷 13004-13019页

作者： Aldona Jakstaite Aurelija Maziukiene Giedre Silkuniene kristina Kmieliute Antanas Gulbinas Zilvinas Dambrauskas Institute for Digestive System Research Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Department of Surgery Lithuanian University of Health Sciences

AIM: To investigate the expression of Hu R in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDA) and to assess the effects of Hu R silencing on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and the in vitro response to gemcitabine(GEM) treatment in pancreatic cell ***: We compared the expression of Hu R,COX-2,and HO-1 in PDA and normal pancreatic tissueusing quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR) and western blot. In addition,the Hu R,COX-2 and HO-1 were analyzed in four types of cancer cell lines(Mia Paca2,Su.86.86,Capan-1,and Capan-2) with and without GEM treatment. Immunocytofluorescence analysis was used to investigate Hu R localization in cells. Cell viability and response to GEM after Hu R silencing were determined with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test and the crystal violet clonogenic assay,respectively. To measure apoptosis,activation of caspases 3/7 was evaluated using immunofluorescence. RESULTS: In PDA tissue obtained from patients not treated with GEM,Hu R m RNA expression was 3.2 times lower(P normal pancreatic tissue(from organ donor). q RT-PCR analysis showed that Hu R,COX-2,and HO-1 m RNA were overexpressed in all cancer cell lines treated with the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50) dose of GEM compared with control cells(P < 0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that COX-2 and HO-1 levels were significantly decreased in cancer cells after Hu R silencing. Furthermore,HuR silencing in creased the response to GEM treatmentand decreased cell viability by 11.6%-53.7% compared to control cell lines. Caspases 3 and 7 were activated after Hu R silencing and GEM treatment in all pancreatic cancer cell lines. In comparison,treatment with GEM alone did not activate caspases 3 and 7 in the same cell lines. CONCLUSION: Hu R mediated post-transcriptional upregulati

关键词： HuR Pancreatic cancer Chemotherapy Cyclooxygenase-

Applicability of alginate-based composite microspheres loaded with aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves in food and pharmaceutical products

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Food Bioscience 2022年第6期50卷 280-290页

作者： Sara Kolar Slaven Jurić Marijan Marijan kristina Vlahoviček-Kahlina Marko Vinceković Department of Chemistry University of Zagreb Faculty of AgricultureSvetošimunska 2510000ZagrebCroatia

To preserve its favorable health and nutritional qualities under processing conditions and oral ingestion,Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaf aqueous extract was encapsulated in composite microspheres based on calcium *** addition of other biopolymers to alginate(ALG)(xanthan gum(XG),casein(CA))influenced molecular interactions(mainly hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions)between microsphere constituents causing the change in microsphere structure and thus physicochemical properties(encapsulation effectiveness and capacity,surface morphology,swelling,stability)as well as the release of total polyphenols(TPC)in distilled water,NaCl solutions and in simulated gastrointestinal *** extent of crosslinking of calcium alginate was altered by blending with XG,CA,or XG+CA,but this did not affect the control mechanism of TPC release detected as *** revealed the unsuitability of calcium alginate microspheres for implementation in food products with high water content,while composite microspheres showed desired reduction in TPC *** best performance(the slowest release and the amount released)for implementation in functional food products containing NaCl exhibited composite microspheres with ALG+XG+*** desired prevention of microsphere degradation in simulated gastro fluids was achieved with ALG+XG+CA microspheres,while in simulated intestinal fluids all microspheres were decomposed and completely released TPC.

关键词： Calcium alginate Composite hydrogels Encapsulation Polyphenols Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves

Aspects of the non-pharmacological treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第40期21卷 11439-11449页

作者： Elsa Maria Eriksson kristina Ingrid Andrén Goran Karl Kurlberg Henry Ture Eriksson Department of Functional Gastroenterology Pavilion 2Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is one of the most commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal conditions. It represents a significant healthcare burden and remains a clinical challenge. Over the years IBS has been described from a variety of different perspectives; from a strict illness of the gastrointestinal tract(medical model) to a more complex multi-symptomatic disorder of the brain-gut axis(biopsychosocial/psychosomatic model). In this article we present aspects of the pathophysiology and the non-pharmacological treatment of IBS based on current knowledge. Effects of conditioned stress and/or traumatic influences on the emotional system(top-down) as well as effects on the intestine through stressors,infection,inflammation,food and dysbiosis(bottom-up) can affect braingut communication and result in dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system(ANS),playing an important role in the pathophysiology of IBS. Conditioned stress together with dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system and the emotional system may involve reactions in which the distress inside the body is not recognized due to low body awareness. This may explain why patients have difficulty identifying their symptoms despite dysfunction in muscle tension,movement patterns,and posture and biochemical functions in addition to gastrointestinal symptoms. IBS shares many features with other idiopathic conditions,such as fibromyalgia,chronic fatigue syndrome and somatoform disorders. The key to effective treatment is a thorough examination,including a gastroenterological examination to exclude other diseases along with an assessment of body awareness by a body-mind therapist. The literature suggests that early interdisciplinary diagnostic cooperation between gastroenterologists and body-mind therapists is necessary. Re-establishing balance in the ANS is an important component of IBS treatment. This article discusses the current knowledge of body-mind treatment,addressing the topic from a practical point of view

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Assessment Treatment Hypnotherapy Pathophysiology Body awareness therapy Psychosomatics Stress Body-mind

Mass effect,aneurysms and flow diverters:Is the pipeline embolization device the Lone Virtuoso?Commentary on‘Pipeline embolization device for intracranial aneurysms presenting with mass effect:a large Chinese cohort’by Zhao et al

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第4期9卷 457-458页

作者： Alexander Sirakov Georgi Vladev kristina Sirakova Kristian Ninov Krasimir Minkin Vasil Karakostov Stanimir Sirakov Interventional Radiology University Hospital St Ivan RilskiSofiaBulgaria Medical University of Sofia SofiaBulgaria

In the treatment of symptomatic intracranial aneurysms,the study by Zhao et al stands as a notable addition to the growing body of literature.^(1) Their investigation regarding the Pipeline Embolisation Device’s(PED,Covi-dien/Medtronic,Irvine,California,USA)effi-cacy in alleviating mass effect offers valuable insights that further contribute to the evolving landscape of neurointerventional *** applaud the authors for their dedicated efforts in tackling an essential facet of aneu-rysm *** with studies involving extensive cohorts is always enlight-ening,as they ignite discussions and open avenues for fresh research opportunities.

关键词： aneurysm Irvine intracranial

Second premolar agenesis is associated with mandibular form： a geometric morphometric analysis of mandibular cross-sections

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International Journal of Oral Science 2016年第4期8卷 254-260页

作者： Michael H Bertl kristina Bertl Manuel Wagner Andre Gahleitner Andreas Stavropoulos Christian Ulm Philipp Mitteroecker Division of Orthodontics School of Dentistry Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Department of Periodontology Faculty of Odontology University of Malmo MalmoSweden Division of Oral Surgery School of Dentistry Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Department of Diagnostic Radiology Division of Osteoradiology General Hospital Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Department of Theoretical Biology University of Vienna Vienna Austria

The aim of this study was to compare mandibular form （i.e., size and shape） between patients with agenesis of the lower second premolar （P2） and a control group with no agenesis. Three hypotheses were tested：（H1） agenesis causes a change in mandibular morphology because of inadequate alveolar ridge development in the area of the missing tooth （mandibular plasticity）; （H2） agenesis is caused by spatial limitations within the mandible （dental plasticity）; and （H3） common genetic/ epigenetic factors cause agenesis and affect mandibular form （pleiotropy）. A geometric morphometric analysis was applied to cross-sectional images of computed tomography （CT） scans of three matched groups （n= 50 each）：（1） regularly erupted P2; （2） agenesis of P2 and the primary second molar in situ; and （3） agenesis of P2 and the primary second molar missing for 〉3 months. Cross-sections of the three areas of interest （first premolar, P2, first molar） were digitized with 23 landmarks and superimposed by a generalized Procrustes analysis. On average, the mandibular cross-sections were narrower and shorter in patients with P2 agenesis compared with that in the control group. Both agenesis groups featured a pronounced submandibular fossa. These differences extended at least one tooth beyond the agenesis-affected region. Taken together with the large interindividual variation that resulted in massively overlapping group distributions, these findings support genetic and/or epigenetic pleiotropy （H3） as the most likely origin of the observed covariation between mandibular form and odontogenesis. Clinically, reduced dimensions and greater variability of mandibular form, as well as a pronounced submandibular fossa, should be expected during the treatment planning of patients with P2 agenesis.

关键词： agenesis cross-sections geometric morphometrics mandibular form

The Spin-Charge-Family Theory Is Explaining the Origin of Families,of the Higgs and the Yukawa Couplings

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Journal of Modern Physics 2013年第6期4卷 823-847页

作者： norma Susana Mankoc Borstnik Department of Physics FMFUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia

The (extremely efficient) standard model of the elementary particles and fields makes several assumptions, which call for explanations. Any theory offering next step beyond the standard model must explain at least the existence and properties of families and their members and correspondingly the existence of the scalar Higgs and the Yukawa couplings, which in this model take care of masses of fermions and weak bosons and influence the decaying properties of families. The spin-charge-family theory [1-11] is offering a possible explanation for the assumptions of the standard model—for the appearance of families and their members (for the charges of a family members), for the gauge fields, for the scalar fields—interpreting the standard model as its low energy effective manifestation. The spin-charge-family theory predicts at the low energy regime two decoupled groups of four families of quarks and leptons. The predicted fourth family waits to be observed, while the stable fifth family is the candidate to form the dark matter. In this paper properties of families are analysed. The appearance of several scalar fields, all in the bosonic (adjoint) representations with respect to the family groups, while they are doublets with respect to the weak charge, is presented, their properties discussed, it is explained how these scalar fields can effectively be interpreted as the standard model Higgs and the Yukawa couplings. The spin-charge-family theory predicts that there are no supersymmetric partners of the observed fermions and bosons.

关键词： Unifying Theories Beyond the Standard Model Origin of Families Origin of Mass Matrices of Leptons and Quarks Flavour Symmetry The Fourth Family Origin and Properties of Scalar Fields Origin of Dark Matter Origin and Properties of Gauge Bosons Kaluza-Klein-Like Theories