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EASE-DGGS:a hybrid discrete global grid system for Earth sciences

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Big Earth Data 2022年第3期6卷 340-357页

作者： Jeffery A.Thompson Mary J.Brodzik Kevin A.T.Silverstein Mason A.Hurley Nathan l.carlson Minnesota Supercomputing Institute University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA GEMS Informatics Initiative University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA National Snow and Ice Data Center Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA

Although we live in an era of unprecedented quantities and access to data,deriving actionable information from raw data is a hard problem.Earth observation systems(EOS)have experienced rapid growth and uptake in recent decades,and the rate at which we obtain remotely sensed images is increasing.While significant effort and attention has been devoted to designing systems that deliver analytics ready imagery faster,less attention has been devoted to developing analytical frameworks that enable EOS to be seamlessly integrated with other data for quantitative analysis.Discrete global grid systems(DGGS)have been proposed as one potential solution that addresses the challenge of geospatial data integration and interoperability.Here,we propose the systematic extension of EASE-Grid in order to provide DGGS-like characteristics for EOS data sets.We describe the extensions as well as present implementation as an application programming interface(API),which forms part of the University of Minnesota’s GEMS(Genetic x Environment x Management x Socioeconomic)Informatics Center’s API portfolio.

关键词： Discrete global grid systems DGGS EASE Grid coordinate reference systems

Burnout and well-being in otolaryngology trainees:A systematic review

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第2期8卷 118-125页

作者： Skye K.lawlor Christopher M.low Matthew l.carlson Karthik Rajasekaran Garret Choby Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniaUSA

Objective:To comprehensively review the recent published literature to characterize current trends of burnout and well-being among otolaryngology trainees.Methods:Study design:systematic review and meta-analysis.A comprehensive literature review from 2000 to 2021 of studies related to otolaryngology resident burnout and well-being,as well as the general topic of well-being among surgical residents was completed.All included studies were summarized qualitatively.For the quantitative analysis,only articles reporting a Maslach burnout inventory(MBI),modified MBI or Mini-Z-Burnout assessment were included.Results:Twenty-five articles were included in the qualitative summary and nine articles in the quantitative analysis.In the qualitative summary,trainees were reported to have increased levels of distress and emotional hardening compared to attending otolaryngologists.Total hours worked per week and female gender were associated with worsened well-being.Residency program strategies to improve trainee well-being include program-sponsored wellness activities,dedicated wellness champions,and assistance with clerical burden.Implementation of protected nonclinical time has been shown to decrease burnout and increase well-being among trainees.Moreover,formal trainee mentorship programs have also been shown to reduce trainee burnout and stress.In the quantitative analysis,rates of trainee burnout ranged from 29.7%to 86%with an overall trend towards reduced rates of burnout from 2006 to 2021.Utilizing a weighted average,the overall burnout among otolaryngology residents was 58.6%.Conclusions:Rates of burnout remain high among otolaryngology trainees.Implementing formal mentorship programs and providing protected time during regular work hours appear to be effective tools to improve resident well-being.

关键词： burnout ENT otolaryngology residents wellness

Assembly and metrology of NIF target subassemblies using robotic systems

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High Power laser Science and Engineering 2017年第4期5卷 14-19页

作者： K.-J.Boehm N.Alexander J.Anderson l.carlson M.Farrell General Atomics P.O.Box 85608San DiegoCA 92186-5608USA

With European laser Facilities such as the Extreme light Infrastructure(ElI) and the Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields(HIBEF) scheduled to come online within the next couple of years, General Atomics, as a major supplier of targets and target components for the High Energy Density Physics community in the United States, is gearing up to meet their demand for large numbers of low cost targets. Using the production of a subassembly for the National Ignition Facility's fusion targets as an example, we demonstrate that through automation of assembly tasks, the design of targets and their experimental setup can be fairly complex while keeping the assembly time and cost as a minimum.A six-axis Mitsubishi robot is used in combination with vision feedback and a force–torque sensor to assemble target subassemblies of different scales and designs with minimal change of tooling, allowing for design flexibility and short assembly setup times. Implementing automated measurement routines on a Nikon NEXIV microscope further reduces the effort required for target metrology, while electronic data collection and transfer complete a streamlined target production operation that can be adapted to a large variety of target designs.

关键词： assembly automation hohlraum robotics target

Risk factors and outcomes for patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing surgical exploration without resection due to metastatic disease:A national cohort study

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第3期21卷 279-284页

作者： Emil Sahlstrom Paulina Bereza-carlson Johan Nilsson Bobby Tingstedt Bodil Andersson Department of Clinical Sciences lund SurgeryLund UniversitySweden Department of Surgery Central Hospital KristianstadSweden Department of Translational Medicine Cardiothoracic surgery and bioinformaticsLund UniversitySweden Department of Thoracic and vascular surgery Skane University hospitalLundSweden Department of Surgery Skane University HospitalLundSweden

Background:Unresectable disease is sometimes diagnosed during surgery in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC).This study aimed to identify preoperative risk factors for metastatic disease diagnosed at surgical exploration and to investigate and compare survival in resected and nonresected patients.Methods:Patients were identified from the Swedish National Pancreatic and Periampullary Cancer Registry 2010-2018.Predictors of metastatic disease were evaluated with a multivariable logistic regression model,and survival was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank tests.Results:In total,1938 patients with PDAC were scheduled for surgery.An unresectable situation was diagnosed intraoperatively in 399 patients(20.6%),including 234(12.1%)with metastasized disease.Independent risk factors for metastasis were involuntary weight loss(OR=1.72;95%CI:1.27-2.33)and elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)(35-599 U/m l,OR=1.79,95%CI:1.11-2.89;≥600 U/m l,OR=3.24,95%CI:2.04-5.17).Overall survival was lower among patients with metastasized disease than that among patients with a resectable tumor(Plusions:Involuntary weight loss and an elevation of CA19-9 are preoperative risk factors for diagnosing metastasized disease during surgical exploration.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Surgery Metastasized Exploration

Electrocochleoeraphy in cochlear implantation:Development,applications,and future directions

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2021年第2期7卷 94-100页

作者： Jason H.Barnes linda X.Yin Aniket A.Saoji Matthew l.carlson Deportment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Moyo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

Electrocochleography(ECochG)is an electrophysiological technique that records electrical potentials generated by different components of the inner ear and peripheral cochlear nerve in response to acoustic stimulation.ECochG responses can be analyzed into(1)cochlear microphonics(CM),(2)auditory nerve neurophonics,(3)summating potential,and(4)compound action potential.Over the past few decades,there have been ongoing refinements in technique and updates in the understanding of recorded potentials.Historically,ECochG found its main application in the diagnostic evaluation of Meniere^disease(MD).However,in the last decade,the focus has shifted towards cochlear implantation(Cl).In patients with residual hearing after Cl,combined electric and acoustic stimulation has resulted in improved hearing and speech outcomes.Despite efforts to mitigate trauma during electrode insertion,hearing preservation rates vary after surgery.During implantation,real-time ECochG offers an opportunity to measure frequency specific CMs elicited from a localized region in the cochlea as the surgeon inserts the electrode array.In extracochlear ECochG recordings,the recording electrode can be placed on the promontory,the stapes,or the tympanic membrane.Intracochlear ECochG can be performed by inserting a recording electrode into the cochlea or by using one of the Cl electrodes as the recording electrode.The loss of intraoperative ECochG signal may indicate cochlear trauma from electrode insertion,but the association between intraoperative ECochG changes and cochlear trauma remains controversial.The ability to monitor cochlear trauma during Cl electrode placement holds promise to improve hearing preservation outcomes,modify surgical techniques,and change electrode design.The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the electrophysiology and history of ECochG,discuss its recent applications in Cl,and explore the ongoing research in this expanding field.

关键词： Cochlear implant Electro-cochleography Cochlear microphonics Hearing preservation

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连杆设计的新见解

车用发动机 1985年第3期 6-11页

作者： Brian l.carlson,James H.Ruff,赵春暖约翰产品工程中心狄尔产品工程中心

连杆结合面的平面度,轴承挤压,几何形状和大头盖螺栓扭紧力矩等设计要素,对孔的变形、装配应力以及轴承和结合面的载荷分布有显著的影响。预测了结合面平面度的制造误差和轴承挤压对孔的变形及结合面的闭合度的极端影响。采用了有限元... 详细信息

连杆结合面的平面度,轴承挤压,几何形状和大头盖螺栓扭紧力矩等设计要素,对孔的变形、装配应力以及轴承和结合面的载荷分布有显著的影响。预测了结合面平面度的制造误差和轴承挤压对孔的变形及结合面的闭合度的极端影响。采用了有限元法来研究这些设计要素的影响。这种分析方法对改进连杆设计是一种新的、实际的和节约成本的方法。

关键词：连杆结合面杆(机械元件) 接合面平面度

Femtosecond-laser sharp shaping of millimeter-scale geometries with vertical sidewalls

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2021年第4期3卷 61-72页

作者： Qiuchi Zhu Peixun Fan Nan li Timothy carlson Bai Cui Jean-François Silvain Jerry l Hudgins Yong Feng lu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of NebraskaLincolnNE 68588United States of America Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of NebraskaLincolnNE 68588United States of America CNRS University of BordeauxBordeaux I.N.P.ICMCBUMR 5026F-33608 PessacFrance

As femtosecond(fs)laser machining advances from micro/nanoscale to macroscale,approaches capable of machining macroscale geometries that sustain micro/nanoscale precisions are in great demand.In this research,an fs laser sharp shaping approach was developed to address two key challenges in macroscale machining(i.***.defects on edges and tapered sidewalls).The evolution of edge sharpness(edge transition width)and sidewall tapers were systematically investigated through which the dilemma of simultaneously achieving sharp edges and vertical sidewalls were addressed.Through decreasing the angle of incidence(AOI)from 0◦to−5◦,the edge transition width could be reduced to below 10µm but at the cost of increased sidewall tapers.Furthermore,by analyzing lateral and vertical ablation behaviors,a parameter-compensation strategy was developed by gradually decreasing the scanning diameters along depth and using optimal laser powers to produce non-tapered sidewalls.The fs laser ablation behaviors were precisely controlled and coordinated to optimize the parameter compensations in general manufacturing applications.The AOI control together with the parameter compensation provides a versatile solution to simultaneously achieve vertical sidewalls as well as sharp edges of entrances and exits for geometries of different shapes and dimensions.Both mm-scale diameters and depths were realized with dimensional precisions below 10µm and surface roughness below 1µm.This research establishes a novel strategy to finely control the fs laser machining process,enabling the fs laser applications in macroscale machining with micro/nanoscale precisions.

关键词： femtosecond laser extreme manufacturing millimeter-scale machining zero-taper drilling edge quality control

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商务与经济统计原书第6版

人工耳蜗植入中的耳蜗电图:发展、应用和未来方向

丛书名：经济教材译丛

2008年

作者：（英）保罗·纽博尔德（Paul Newbold）（美）威廉 l.卡尔森（William l.carlson）（美）贝蒂 M.索恩（Betty M.Thorne）庄新田王世权刘汝萍等译

本书是一本统计学入门教科书，以收集数据、整理数据、分析数据、根据数据所提供的信息进行决策为主线，通过对应用统计方法进行入门性的介绍，使大家能够在许多商务和经济领域中进行正确的统计分析。本书强化读者对概念的理解，强调用... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9787111243663

ISBN: (纸本)9787111243663

本书是一本统计学入门教科书，以收集数据、整理数据、分析数据、根据数据所提供的信息进行决策为主线，通过对应用统计方法进行入门性的介绍，使大家能够在许多商务和经济领域中进行正确的统计分析。本书强化读者对概念的理解，强调用商务和经济领域中的实例来阐述统计学的基本概念与方法，并将统计知识与大量的实例和练习结合在一起，论述如何理解各种统计方法及其假设，从而更好地解决商务和经济领域中的问题。

关键词：经济统计商业统计教材

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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畅想之星图书光盘版（南通市图书馆镜像）

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中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志 2021年第9期56卷 1007-1007页

作者： Jason H.Barnes linda X.Yin Aniket A.Saoji Matthew l.carlson 王鹏军(译) 殷善开(审校) 美国梅奥诊所耳鼻咽喉头颈外科上海市第六人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

目的本研究的目的是全面概述耳蜗电图的电生理及其历史,讨论其在人工耳蜗植入中新近的应用,并探讨在这个不断深入领域中所开展的研究。耳蜗电图是一种记录内耳不同组分和外周蜗神经对声刺激反应产生电位的电生理技术。耳蜗电图可解析为... 详细信息

目的本研究的目的是全面概述耳蜗电图的电生理及其历史,讨论其在人工耳蜗植入中新近的应用,并探讨在这个不断深入领域中所开展的研究。耳蜗电图是一种记录内耳不同组分和外周蜗神经对声刺激反应产生电位的电生理技术。耳蜗电图可解析为:①耳蜗微音电位,②听神经音电位,③总和电位,④听神经复合动作电位。数十年来,随着技术上的不断改进,对记录电位的理解也在不断更新。耳蜗电图历来主要应用于梅尼埃病的诊断评估。然而,近十年来耳蜗电图的应用聚焦到人工耳蜗植入上。具有残余听力的患者在人工耳蜗植入后,联合电声刺激可以改善听力和言语。尽管术者在电极插入过程中尽量减轻组织损伤,但患者术后听力保存率各异。在植入耳蜗期间,当术者插入电极阵列时,实时耳蜗电图可以检测耳蜗局部区域诱发的频率特异性耳蜗微音电位。在耳蜗外记录耳蜗电图,记录电极可以放置于鼓岬、镫骨或鼓膜。耳蜗内耳蜗电图记录可以通过将记录电极插入耳蜗,或者使用人工耳蜗中的1个电极作为记录电极。术中耳蜗电图信号的丧失可能提示电极插入导致的耳蜗损伤,然而两者之间的关系尚存在争议。在人工耳蜗电极植入时监测耳蜗损伤有望改善听力保留结果、改良手术技术以及改进电极设计。

关键词：人工耳蜗植入耳蜗电图记录电极耳蜗损伤梅尼埃病残余听力蜗神经电生理技术