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Effect of concentration of ATH on mechanical properties of polypropylene/aluminium trihydrate(PP/ATH) composite

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2014年第S1期24卷 81-89页

作者： Atta ur Rehman SHAH Dong-woo LEE Yi-qi WANG Abdul WASY K.C.HAM krishnan jayaraman Byung-Sun KIM Jung-Il SONG Department of Mechanical Engineering Changwon National University Department of Mechanical Engineering Inha Technical College Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Auckland New Zealand Composite Research Center Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS) Korea

Aluminium trihydrate(ATH) is being extensively added to polypropylene(PP) to make a fire retardant composite. Blends of PP/ATH composite are more fire resistant as compared to pure PP. Percentage proportion of both the constituents in the final composite depends upon the application. Improvement in the fire retardant properties of such composites have been studied and published in literature but effects on mechanical strength have not been addressed. The effect of concentration of ATH on the strength of PP/ATH composite was presented. The tensile, flexural and fracture properties were studied and discussed. Experimental tests, ASTM analytical formulae and finite element approach were used. It has been found that increase in ATH has an inverse effect on the mechanical strength.

关键词： aluminium trihydrate polypropylene composite fire retardant fracture toughness mechanical strength

A solar reactor for bio-diesel production from Pongamia oil: Studies on transesterfication process parameters and energy efficiency

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第12期34卷 218-224页

作者： Subbaiyan Naveen Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath Rajagopal Malolan Ramesh Sai jayaraman krishnan Aakriti Jayaseelan Arun Department of Chemical Engineering SSN College of EngineeringKalavakkam 603110India Centre for Waste Management International Research CentreSathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyJeppiaar Nagar(OMR)Chennai 600119India

Over exploitation of non-renewable energy reserves will lead to increase in price of petroleum *** there is a need for suitable and sustainable substitutes(renewable resource) for conventional *** this study,an efficient and environmental friendly method for production of bio-diesel from Pongamia(Karanja) oil has been developed using a solar *** the experimental study,the maximum temperature attained by the pongamia oil during the transesterification process was 64.1℃.The transesterification reaction was studied by varying different parameters such as reactant flow rate(5-20 L·h^(-1)),stirring speed(150-450 r·min^(-1)),catalyst mass loading(0.5%-2%) and methanol to oil ratio(3:1 to15:1).The maximum biodiesel yield was 83.11% at a flow rate of 5 L·h^(-1),stirring speed of 350 r·min^(-1),a methanol to oil ratio of 15:1,catalyst mass loading of 1% and reaction time of 270 *** physical and chemical properties of biodiesel was analyzed as per American Society for Testing Materials(ASTM) standards and it had density of 938 kg·m^(-3),viscosity(28.7×10^(-6) m~2·s^(-1)),acid value(9.45 mg KOH·(g oil)^(-1))and flash point(215℃).The energy efficiency of solar heating process was determined by comparing the net energy ratio of direct heating process and solar heating *** solar heating the net energy ratio(NER) was found to be 31.85 against 5.73 for direct ***,net energy efficiency index was calculated for 10 kg production scale and was found to be increasing when scaled up which means that the solar heating process is more effective even in scaled up production.

关键词： Biodiesel Biofuel Solar energy Optimization Pongamia oil Solar reactor

T-bet in the spot light： roles in distinct T-cell fate determination

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2013年第4期10卷 289-291页

作者： Sundararajan jayaraman Department of Surgery University of IllinoisCollege of Medicine Peoria IL USA

The transcription factor T-bet was originally described to be important for the differentiation of the CD4＋ Thl subset. More recent investigations implicate T-bet in the lineage commitment of a variety of innate immu... 详细信息

关键词： Innate lymphoid cells T-bet T helper cell subsets

Loss of TCR responsiveness during thymic education imprints the ＇innate＇ signature on γδ T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第4期11卷 323-325页

作者： Sundararajan jayaraman Department of Surgery University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria IL USA

T cells expressing γδ determinants are considered innate-like and deviate from the classical αβ T cells in many aspects, including the rapid production of lymphokines following the recognition of ＇naked＇ antigen...

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Of ethnicity, environment, and microbiota

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第2期16卷 106-108页

作者： Sundararajan jayaraman Department of Surgery University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoriaILUSA

Elie Metchnikoff’s lecture illustrated that‘men were free from microbes at birth and within tenth and seventeenth hour of birth the surface of skin,mucous membranes,respiratory passages,and more abundantly the digestive organs became peopled with microbes derived from the air or water’.1 It is interesting to note that the revised ratio of human cells to the number of bacteria in the body is 1:1,which is further tipped towards the human cell mass following each defecation.

关键词： organs respiratory revised

Synergistic effect of flavonoids combined with antivenom on neutralisation of Naja naja venom

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2021年第7期11卷 298-307页

作者： Srimathi Raghavan Gurunathan jayaraman School of Biosciences and Technology Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014India

Objective:To evaluate the neutralizing effects of flavonoids on snake venom toxicity by stand-alone and combinatorial ***:Synthetic flavonoids were assessed,either individually or in combination with antivenom,for their neutralization of phospholipase A_(2)(PLA_(2)),protease,antioxidant(DPPH)assay and hemotoxic *** docking studies were performed to understand possible binding of flavonoids with Naja naja venom PLA_(2).In vivo studies were carried out to confirm the neutralisation effects using a mouse ***,inhibition of PLA_(2) was monitored using combinatorial ***:Among the flavonoids used,quercetin and naringenin inhibited PLA_(2)(56%and 45%),protease(71%and 64%),DPPH scavenging(69.0%and 77.5%)and hemotoxic(70%)*** docking studies indicated that the flavonoids bind to the substrate-binding site of PLA_(2)(Cys44 and Tyr63).In vivo studies showed a reduction in the venom toxicity level in the presence of ***,combinatorial studies using the mixture of flavonoid and anti-venom revealed the possibility of synergistic effect(up to 32%enhancement)in neutralising the venom ***:These flavonoids can be used as additives for the treatment of snake bites,which may exert synergistic effects in combination with antivenom and decrease the post-therapeutic effects caused by excessive use of antivenom.

关键词： Flavonoid Anti-venom Snake bite Combinatorial Synergistic Naja naja

Effect of Process Parameters on Tensile Strength of Friction Stir Welded Cast LM6 Aluminium Alloy Joints

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2009年第5期25卷 655-664页

作者： M.jayaraman R.Sivasubramanian V.Balasubramanian Department of Mechatronics Engineering Kongu Engineering CollegeErodeTamil NaduIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Coimbatore Institute of TechnologyCoimbatoreTamil NaduIndia Centre for Materials Joining&Research(CEMAJOR) Department of Manufacturing EngineeringAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalainagarTamil NaduIndia

This paper reports the effect of friction stir welding （FSW） process parameters on tensile strength of cast LM6 aluminium alloy. Joints were made by using different combinations of tool rotation speed, welding speed and axial force each at four levels. The quality of weld zone was investigated using macrostructure and microstructure analysis. Tensile strength of the joints were evaluated and correlated with the weld zone hardness and microstructure. The joint fabricated using a rotational speed of 900 r/min, a welding speed of 75 mm/min and an axial force of 3 kN showed superior tensile strength compared with other joints. The tensile strength and microhardness of the welded joints for the optimum conditions were 166 MPa and 64.8 Hv respectively.

关键词： LM6 aluminium alloy Friction stir welding Tool rotation speed Welding speed Axial force Tensile strength

AEECA for Reliable Communication to Enhance the Network Life Time for WSN

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第2期35卷 1705-1719页

作者： Ganesh jayaraman V R Sarma Dhulipala Department of Computer Science&Engineering Anjalai Ammal Mahalingam Engineering CollegeKovilvenniTamil NaduIndia Department of Physics Anna UniversityBIT CampusTiruchirappalliTamil NaduIndia

Nowadays,wireless sensor networks play a vital role in our day to day *** communication is preferred for many sensing applications due its convenience,ﬂexibility and *** sensors to sense the environmental factor are versatile and send sensed data to central station *** cluster based protocols are provided an optimal solution for enhancing the lifetime of the sensor *** this paper,modiﬁed K-means++algorithm is used to form the cluster and cluster head in an efﬁcient way and the Advanced Energy-Efﬁcient Cluster head selection Algorithm(AEECA)is used to calculate the weighted fac-tor of the transmission path and effective data collection using gateway *** experimental results show the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing routing algorithms.

关键词： Wireless sensor network reliable communication energy management energy clustering sensors base station gateway node

Husbandry practices and gut health outcomes in weaned piglets:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第3期3卷 205-211页

作者： Balachandar jayaraman Charles M.Nyachoti Department of Animal Sciences University of Manitoba

The immediate post-weaning period is one of the most stressful phases in a pig's life, and during this period, piglets are usually exposed to environmental, social and psychological stressors which have direct or indirect effects on gut health and overall growth performance. In this review, the impact of husbandry practices on gut health outcomes and performance of piglets is discussed. Husbandry practices in the swine barn generally include nutrition and management practices, maintenance of hygienic standards and disease prevention protocols, and animal welfare considerations. Poor husbandry practices could result in reduced feed intake, stress and disease conditions, and consequently affect gut health and performance in weaned piglets. Reduced feed intake is a major risk factor for impaired gut structure and function and therefore a key goal is to maximize feed intake in newly weaned piglets. In weaned piglets, crowding stress could reduce pig performance, favor the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria resulting in diarrhea, stimulate immune responses and interfere with beneficial microbial activities in the gut. Sanitation conditions in the swine barn plays an important role for optimal piglet performance, because unclean conditions reduced growth performance, shifted nutrient requirements to support the immune system and negatively affected the gut morphology in weaned piglets. Appropriate biosecurity measures need to be designed to prevent disease entry and spread within a swine operation,which in turn helps to keep all pigs and piglets healthy. Collectively, husbandry practices relating to feeding and nutrition, animal welfare, biosecurity and disease prevention are important determinants of gut health and piglet performance. Thus, it is suggested that adopting high husbandry practices is a critical piece in strategies aimed at raising pigs without the use of in-feed antibiotics.

关键词： Gut health Husbandry practices Weaned piglets