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The need for COVId-19 research in lowand middle-income countries

Global Health Research and Policy 2020年第1期5卷 175-178页

作者： Madhu Gupta Brian Wahl Binita Adhikari Naor Bar-Zeev Sudip Bhandari Alexandra Coria daniel J.Erchick Nidhi Gupta Shreya Hariyani EWangeci Kagucia Japhet Killewo Rupali Jayant Limaye Eric dMc.Collum Raghukul Pandey William S.Pomat krishna d.rao Mathuram Santosham Molly Sauer Rhoda K.Wanyenze david H.Peters department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchMadhya MargSector 12Chandigarh 160012India department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUSA International Vaccine Access Center Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUSA Health Foundation Nepal KathmanduNepal Maimonides Medical Center New YorkUSA Epidemiology and demography department KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeKilifiKenya Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es SalaamTanzania Eudowood division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences Department of PediatricsJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreUSA Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research GorokaPapua New Guinea Makerere University School of Public Health KampalaUganda

In the early months of the pandemic,most reported cases and deaths due to COVId-19 occurred in high-income ***,insufficient testing could have led to an underestimation of true infections in many low-and middle-income *** confirmed cases increase,the ultimate impact of the pandemic on individuals and communities in low-and middle-income countries is *** therefore propose research in three broad areas as urgently needed to inform responses in low-and middle-income countries:transmission patterns of SARS-CoV-2,the clinical characteristics of the disease,and the impact of pandemic prevention and response *** these questions will require a multidisciplinary approach led by local investigators and in some cases additional *** research activities should be done to help mitigate the potential burden of COVId-19 in low-and middle-income countries without diverting the limited human resources,funding,or medical supplies from response activities.

关键词： COVId-19 Research agenda Global health

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Passive activity enhances residual control ability in patients with complete spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2337-2347页

作者： Yanqing Xiao Mingming Gao Zejia He Jia Zheng Hongming Bai Jia-Sheng rao Guiyun Song Wei Song Xiaoguang Li Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina department of Rehabilitation Evaluation China Rehabilitation Research CenterBeijingChina Cardiac Center Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina The State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems Beihang UniversityBeijingChina department of Rehabilitation Engineering China Rehabilitation Science InstituteBeijingChina

Patients with complete spinal cord injury retain the potential for volitional muscle activity in muscles located below the spinal injury ***,because of prolonged inactivity,initial attempts to activate these muscles may not effectively engage any of the remaining neurons in the descending pathway.A previous study unexpectedly found that a brief clinical round of passive activity significantly increased volitional muscle activation,as measured by surface *** this study,we further explored the effect of passive activity on surface electromyographic signals during volitional control tasks among individuals with complete spinal cord *** patients with chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury were *** electromyography data from eight major leg muscles were acquired and compared before and after the passive activity *** results indicated that the passive activity led to an increased number of activated volitional muscles and an increased frequency of *** the cumulative root mean square of surface electromyography amplitude for volitional control of movement showed a slight increase after passive activity,the difference was not statistically *** findings suggest that brief passive activity may enhance the ability to initiate volitional muscle activity during surface electromyography tasks and underscore the potential of passive activity for improving residual motor control among patients with motor complete spinal cord injury.

关键词： complete spinal cord injury cycle training epidural electrical stimulation motor training passive activity physiological state spinal cord circuit surface electromyography volitional control task

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Infiltration by monocytes of the central nervous system and its role in multiple sclerosis: reflections on therapeutic strategies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 779-793页

作者： Guangyong Zhang Qing Yao Chubing Long Pengcheng Yi Jiali Song Luojia Wu Wei Wan Xiuqin rao Yue Lin Gen Wei Jun Ying Fuzhou Hua department of Anesthesiology the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province NanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina

Mononuclear macrophage infiltration in the central nervous system is a prominent feature of neuroinflammation. Recent studies on the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis have highlighted the multiple roles of mononuclear macrophages in the neuroinflammatory process. Monocytes play a significant role in neuroinflammation, and managing neuroinflammation by manipulating peripheral monocytes stands out as an effective strategy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, leading to improved patient outcomes. This review outlines the steps involved in the entry of myeloid monocytes into the central nervous system that are targets for effective intervention: the activation of bone marrow hematopoiesis, migration of monocytes in the blood, and penetration of the blood–brain barrier by monocytes. Finally, we summarize the different monocyte subpopulations and their effects on the central nervous system based on phenotypic differences. As activated microglia resemble monocyte-derived macrophages, it is important to accurately identify the role of monocyte-derived macrophages in disease. depending on the roles played by monocyte-derived macrophages at different stages of the disease, several of these processes can be interrupted to limit neuroinflammation and improve patient prognosis. Here, we discuss possible strategies to target monocytes in neurological diseases, focusing on three key aspects of monocyte infiltration into the central nervous system, to provide new ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： blood–brain barrier macrophages monocytes multiple sclerosis neuroinflammation review therapy

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Modeling and multi-response optimization of machining performance while turning hardened steel with self-propelled rotary tool

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Advances in Manufacturing 2015年第1期3卷 84-95页

作者： Thella Babu rao A.Gopala krishna Ramesh Kumar Katta Konjeti Rama krishna department of Mechanical Engineering GITAM UniversityHyderabad 502329Andhra PradeshIndia department of Mechanical Engineering University College of EngineeringJNTUKKakinada 533003Andhra PradeshIndia Productionisation & Technology Transfer Defence R&D LaboratoryKanchanbaghHyderabad 500058Andhra PradeshIndia

There are many advanced tooling approaches in metal cutting to enhance the cutting tool performance for machining hard-to-cut materials. The self propelled rotary tool （SPRT） is one of the novel approaches to improve the cutting tool performance by providing cutting edge in the form of a disk, which rotates about its principal axis and provides a rest period for the cutting edge to cool and allow engaging a fresh cutting edge with the work piece. This paper aimed to present the cutting performance of SPRT while turning hardened EN24 steel and optimize the machining conditions. Surface roughness （Ra） and metal removal rate （rMMR） are considered as machining perfor- mance parameters to evaluate, while the horizontal incli- nation angle of the SPRT, depth of cut, feed rate and spindle speed are considered as process variables. Initially, design of experiments （dOEs） is employed to minimize the number of experiments. For each set of chosen process variables, the machining experiments are conducted on computer numerical control （CNC） lathe to measure the machining responses. Then, the response surface method- ology （RSM） is used to establish quantitative relationships for the output responses in terms of the input variables. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） is used to check the adequacy of the model. The influence of input variables on the output responses is also determined. Consequently, these models are formulated as a multi-response optimi- zation problem to minimize the Ra and maximize the rMMR simultaneously. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II （NSGA-II） is used to derive the set of Pareto-optimal solutions. The optimal results obtained through the pro- posed methodology are also compared with the results of validation experimental runs and good correlation is found between them.

关键词： Self-propelled rotary turning ~ Empiricalmodeling ~ Response surface methodology (RSM) - Multi-objective formulation - Optimization - Non-dominatedsorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II)

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Post-stroke mRNA expression profile of MMPs:effect of genetic deletion of MMP-12

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2018年第3期3卷 153-159页

作者： Koteswara rao Nalamolu Bharath Chelluboina Ian B Magruder diane N Fru Adithya Mohandass Ishwarya Venkatesh Jeffrey d Klopfenstein david M Pinson krishna M Boini krishna Kumar Veeravalli department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology University of Illinois College of MedicinePeoriaIllinoisUSA department of Neurosurgery University of Illinois College of MedicinePeoriaIllinoisUSA Comprehensive Stroke Center Illinois Neurological InstituteOSF HealthCare SystemSaint Francis Medical CenterPeoriaIllinoisUSA department of Pathology University of Illinois College of MedicinePeoriaIllinoisUSA department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA department of Neurology University of Illinois College of MedicinePeoriaIllinoisUSA

background and purpose Recent reports from our laboratory demonstrated the post-ischaemic expression profile of various matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)in rats and the detrimental role of MMP-12 in post-stroke brain *** hypothesise that the post-stroke dysregulation of MMPs is similar across species and that genetic deletion of MMP-12 would not affect the post-stroke expression of other *** tested our hypothesis by determining the pre-ischaemic and post-ischaemic expression profile of MMPs in wild-type and MMP-12 knockout *** Focal cerebral ischaemia was induced in wildtype and MMP-12 knockout mice by middle cerebral artery occlusion procedure by insertion of a monofilament *** hour after ischaemia,reperfusion was initiated by removing the *** day after reperfusion,ischaemic brain tissues from various groups of mice were collected,and total RNA was isolated and subjected to cdNA synthesis followed by PCR *** Although the post-stroke expression profile of MMPs in the ischaemic brain of mice is different from rats,there is a clear species similarity in the expression of MMP-12,which was found to be predominantly upregulated in both ***,the post-stroke induction or inhibition of various MMPs in MMP-12 knockout mice is different from their respective expression profile in wild-type ***,the brain mRNA expression profile of various MMPs in MMP-12 knockout mice under normal conditions is also different to their expression in wild-type *** In the ischaemic brain,MMP-12 upregulates several fold higher than any other *** derived with the genetic deletion of MMP-12 are constitutive and have altered MMP expression profile both under normal and ischaemic conditions.

关键词： MMPs removing hypothesis

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Stem cell treatment improves post stroke neurological outcomes:a comparative study in male and female rats

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第4期6卷 519-527,I0005-I0010页

作者： Koteswara rao Nalamolu Bharath Chelluboina Casimir A Fornal Siva Reddy Challa david M Pinson david Z Wang Jeffrey d Klopfenstein krishna Kumar Veeravalli Cancer Biology and Pharmacology College of MedicineUniversity of IllinoisPeoriaIllinoisUSA Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences California Health Sciences UniversityClovisCaliforniaUSA Neurological Surgery University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA Health Sciences Education College of MedicineUniversity of IllinoisPeoriaIllinoisUSA Neurology College of MedicineUniversity of IllinoisPeoriaIllinoisUSA Neurology Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA Neurosurgery College of MedicineUniversity of IllinoisPeoriaIllinoisUSA OSF HealthCare Illinois Neurological Institute PeoriaIllinoisUSA Pediatrics College of MedicineUniversity of IllinoisPeoriaIllinoisUSA

Background and purpose The therapeutic potential of different stem cells for ischaemic stroke treatment is intriguing and somewhat *** results from our laboratory have demonstrated the potential benefits of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSC)in a rodent stroke *** hypothesised that MSC treatment would effectively promote the recovery of sensory and motor function in both males and females,despite any apparent sex differences in post stroke brain *** Transient focal cerebral ischaemia was induced in adult Sprague-dawley rats by occlusion of the middle cerebral *** the procedure,male and female rats of the untreated group were euthanised 1 day after reperfusion and their brains were used to estimate the resulting infarct volume and tissue *** groups of stroke-induced male and female rats were treated with MSC or vehicle and were subsequently subjected to a battery of standard neurological/neurobehavioral tests(Modified Neurological Severity Score assessment,adhesive tape removal,beam walk and rotarod).The tests were administered at regular intervals(at days 1,3,5,7 and 14)after reperfusion to determine the time course of neurological and functional recovery after *** The infarct volume and extent of swelling of the ischaemic brain were similar in males and *** similar pathological stroke lesions,the clinical manifestations of stroke were more pronounced in males than females,as indicated by the neurological scores and other *** treatment significantly improved the recovery of sensory and motor function in both sexes,and it demonstrated efficacy in both moderate stroke(females)and severe stroke(males).Conclusions despite sex differences in the severity of post stroke outcomes,MSC treatment promoted the recovery of sensory and motor function in male and female rats,suggesting that it may be a promising treatment for stroke.

关键词： neurological female rats

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Parametric optimization of friction stir welding process of age hardenable aluminum alloys-ANFIS modeling

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Journal of Central South University 2016年第8期23卷 1847-1857页

作者： d.Vijayan V.Seshagiri rao department of Mechanical Engineering Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa Maha Vidyalaya Enathur Kanchipuram- 631561 Tamilnadu India St. Joseph's College of Engineering Chennai - 600025 Tamilnadu India

A comparative approach was performed between the response surface method(RSM) and the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) to enhance the tensile properties, including the ultimate tensile strength and the tensile elongation, of friction stir welded age hardenable AA6061 and AA2024 aluminum alloys. The effects of the welding parameters, namely the tool rotational speed, welding speed, axial load and pin profile, on the ultimate tensile strength and the tensile elongation were analyzed using a three-level, four-factor Box-Behnken experimental design. The developed design was utilized to train the ANFIS models. The predictive capabilities of RSM and ANFIS were compared based on the root mean square error, the mean absolute error, and the correlation coefficient based on the obtained data set. The results demonstrate that the developed ANFIS models are more effective than the RSM model.

关键词： aluminum alloys response surface method(RSM) adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) friction stir welding Box-Behnken design neuro fuzzy

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Systematical identification of regulatory GPCRs by single-cell trajectory inference reveals the role of AdGRd1 and GPR39 in adipogenesis

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Chuan Ye Xuemei Wang Jun Lin Chenyang Wu Yuhua Gao Chenghao Guo Yunxi Liao Ziyan rao Shaodong Huang Weixuan Chen Ying Huang Jinpeng Sun dongyu Zhao Changtao Jiang Center of Basic Medical Research Institute of Medical Innovation and ResearchPeking University Third Hospital department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University department of Biomedical Informatics School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling Peking University Center for Obesity and Metabolic disease Research School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion Center for Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third Hospital National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third Hospital department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Peking University Third Hospital Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong University department of Immunology School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University

Adipogenesis is the healthy expansion of white adipose tissue (WAT),serving as a compensatory response to maintain metabolic homeostasis in the presence of excess energy in the ***,the identification of novel regulatory molecules in adipogenesis,specifically membrane receptors such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs),holds significant clinical *** receptors can serve as viable targets for pharmaceuticals,offering potential for restoring metabolic homeostasis in individuals with *** utilized trajectory inference methods to analyze three distinct single-nucleus sequencing (sNuc-seq) datasets of adipose tissue and systematically identified GPCRs with the potential to regulate *** verification in primary adipose progenitor cells (APCs) of mice,we discovered that AdGRd1 promoted the differentiation of APCs,while GPR39 inhibits this *** the obese mouse model induced by a high-fat diet(HFd),both gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies validated that AdGRd1 promoted adipogenesis,thereby improving metabolic homeostasis,while GPR39 inhibited adipogenesis,leading to metabolic ***,through the analysis of 2,400 ChIP-seq data and 1,204 bulk RNA-seq data,we found that the transcription factors (TFs) MEF2d and TCF12 regulated the expression of AdGRd1and GPR39,*** study revealed the regulatory role of GPCRs in adipogenesis,providing novel targets for clinical intervention of metabolic dysfunction in obese patients.

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Antiproliferative role of Indig ofera aspalathoides on 20 methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma in rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第12期2卷 966-974页

作者： Sivagnanam Selva Kumar Mudiganti Ram krishna rao Maruthaiveeran Periyasamy Balasubramanian department of Industrial Biotechnology Bharath University department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology Dr.A.L.M.Post graduate Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Madras

Objective:To find out the anticancer effect of indigofera aspalathoides(***)on20-methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma in ***:Fibrosarcoma was induced in Wistar strain male albino rats by ***(i.p.)administration of250 mg/kg body weight/day of aqueous extract of *** for 30 d effectively suppressed chemically induced *** such as body weight,liver and kidney weight,tumor weight,mean survival time,behavioral changes,blood glucose,blood glycogen and marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),acid phosphatase(ACP)and 5'-nucleiotidase(5'-NT)in serum,liver and kidney and lipid profiles such as total cholesterel,phospholipids,free fatty acids in liver and kidney of control and experimental animals were ***:Fibrosarcoma bearing animals were ferocious and *** mean survival time was found to increase after the *** body weights were significantly decreased(Pdily increased after the treatment with *** liver and kidney weights were significantly increased whereas the tumor weights decreased as compared to the weights in untreated fibrosarcoma bearing *** blood glucose and the liver and kidney glycogen levels were found to decrease significantly(Pd in serum,liver and kidney of fibrosarcoma bearing GroupⅡanimals which were normalize after *** *** the liver and kidney of GroupⅡanimals the total cholesterol increased whereas the pbospbolipids and free fatty acid levels decreased(Pd after ***:The treatment by *** on fihrosarcoma bearing rats has improved the levels of various parameters indicating its antiproliferative and anticancer activity.

关键词： Chemoprevention Tumor weight Mean survival time Glucose Glycogen Marker enzymes

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Response Analysis of Tension-Based Tension Leg Platform Under Irregular Waves

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China Ocean Engineering 2016年第4期30卷 603-614页

作者： d.S.Bhaskara rao R.Panneer Selvam department of Ocean Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Tension Leg Platform（TLP） is a hybrid structure used as oil drilling and production facility within water depths of 1200 m. The extension of this TLP concept to deeper waters is a challenge and warrants for some innovative design concepts. In this paper, a relatively new concept of TLP which is christened as Tension-Based Tension Leg Platform（TBTLP） and patented by Srinivasan（1998） has been chosen for study. Response analysis of TLP with one tension base under irregular waves for three different sea states has been performed using hydrodynamic tool ANSYS？ AQWA？. Results are reported in terms of raos, response spectrums for surge, heave and pitch degrees of freedom from which spectral statistics have been obtained. The statistics of TBTLP have been compared with TLPs（without tension base） for two different water depths to highlight the features of the new concept. The effect of viscous damping and loading effects on the raos are also investigated.

关键词： Tension-Based Tension Leg Platform irregular waves time domain response response amplitudeoperators spectrum statistics coupled analysis

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