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Infiltration by monocytes of the central nervous system and its role in multiple sclerosis: reflections on therapeutic strategies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 779-793页

作者： Guangyong Zhang Qing Yao Chubing Long Pengcheng Yi Jiali Song Luojia Wu Wei Wan Xiuqin rao Yue Lin Gen Wei Jun Ying Fuzhou Hua Department of Anesthesiology the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province NanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina

Mononuclear macrophage infiltration in the central nervous system is a prominent feature of neuroinflammation. Recent studies on the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis have highlighted the multiple roles of mononuclear macrophages in the neuroinflammatory process. Monocytes play a significant role in neuroinflammation, and managing neuroinflammation by manipulating peripheral monocytes stands out as an effective strategy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, leading to improved patient outcomes. This review outlines the steps involved in the entry of myeloid monocytes into the central nervous system that are targets for effective intervention: the activation of bone marrow hematopoiesis, migration of monocytes in the blood, and penetration of the blood–brain barrier by monocytes. Finally, we summarize the different monocyte subpopulations and their effects on the central nervous system based on phenotypic differences. As activated microglia resemble monocyte-derived macrophages, it is important to accurately identify the role of monocyte-derived macrophages in disease. Depending on the roles played by monocyte-derived macrophages at different stages of the disease, several of these processes can be interrupted to limit neuroinflammation and improve patient prognosis. Here, we discuss possible strategies to target monocytes in neurological diseases, focusing on three key aspects of monocyte infiltration into the central nervous system, to provide new ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： blood–brain barrier macrophages monocytes multiple sclerosis neuroinflammation review therapy

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Speed–density functional relationship for heterogeneous traffic data: a statistical and theoretical investigation

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2019年第1期27卷 61-74页

作者： Hari krishna Gaddam K.Ramachandra rao Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology

This study is an attempt to establish a suitable speed–density functional relationship for heterogeneous traffic on urban arterials. The model must reproduce the traffic behaviour on traffic stream and satisfy all static and dynamic properties of speed–flow–density relationships. As a first attempt for Indian traffic condition, two behavioural parameters, namely the kinematic wave speed at jam(Cj) and a proposed saturation flow(k), are estimated using empirical observations. The parameter Cjis estimated by developing a relationship between driver reaction time and vehicle position in the queue at the signalised intersection. Functional parameters are estimated using Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm implemented in the R statistical *** measures such as root mean squared error, average relative error and cumulative residual plots are used for assessing models fitness. We set out several static and dynamic properties of the flow–speed–density relationships to evaluate the models, and these properties equally hold good for both homogenous and heterogeneous traffic *** the numerical analysis, it is found that very few models replicate empirical speed–density data traffic ***, none of the existing functional forms satisfy all the properties. To overcome the shortcomings, we proposed two new speed–density functional forms. The uniqueness of these models is that they satisfy both numerical accuracy and the properties of fundamental diagram. These new forms would certainly improve the modelling accuracy, especially in dynamic traffic studies when coupling with dynamic speed equations.

关键词： Heterogeneous traffic Speed-density model Kinematic wave speed Traffic flow CURE plots

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Comparative evaluation of roundabout capacities under heterogeneous traffic conditions

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2015年第4期23卷 310-324页

作者： Ramu Arroju Hari krishna Gaddam Lakshmi Devi Vanumu K.Ramachandra rao Department of Civil Engineering IIT Delhi Department of Civil Engineering and Transportation Research and Injury Prevention Programme (TRIPP) IIT Delhi

In heterogeneous traffic conditions, roundabout capacity is described by vehicle and driver characteristics which are different from traffic conditions in homogeneous conditions. In the present study, the capacity of the roundabout is determined using various capacity formulas such as gap acceptance models given by Highway Capacity Manual 2010 （US）, German model （2001）; empirical regression models given by TRRL （UK） and weaving models given by IRC： 65-1976 （India）. In addition, microscopic simulation model like VISSIM （PTV Ger- many） is also used to derive capacity values. Unlike the other capacity estimation models, VISSIM is helpful in estimating capacity values using geometric and driver characteristics and it can also simulate heterogeneous traffic condition accurately. Capacity is estimated after calibrating the simulation model （VISSIM） developed for the roundabout. This is achieved by incorporating different vehicle classes to represent the heterogeneous traffic environment, driver gap acceptance, and lane changeparameters. All the required inputs were extracted from the video using semi-automatic data collection methods. Data are used for the estimation of capacity values from dif- ferent methods mentioned above and for the calibration and validation of simulation model. The capacity values esti- mated form various formulas except German model are distinctly different from the field values and they are either overestimating or underestimating. Analysis of these observations reveals that the capacity values from VISSIM and German models are nearly matching with the field capacity.

关键词： Roundabout Capacity VISSIM Simulation Heterogeneous

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Hydro-elastic computational analysis of a marine propeller using two-way fluid structure interaction

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第3期7卷 280-291页

作者： V.Rama krishna Srinivas Prasad Sanaka N.Pardhasaradhi B.Raghava rao Naval Science&Technological Laboratory Visakhapatnam532007India Department of Mechanical Engineering V.R.Siddhartha Engineering CollegeVijayawada520007India

Marine propellers have complex geometry and their performance is determined by costly and time consuming open water *** of numerical techniques helps researchers in effective design of *** approaches are used that predicted either hydrodynamic and acoustic response or structural ***-way fluid-structure interaction(FSI)analysis is a very useful approach providing all three responses which helps in the design,analysis and optimization of a *** objective of this paper is to predict the hydro-elastic response of a propeller using two-way FSI on a 0.2m diameter,DTMB-4119 propeller using ANSYS ***-way FSI analysis is carried out using system coupling approach that transfers the data between the structural and fluid *** turbulence effects are captured using the large-eddy simulation(LES)model and the Ffowcs Williams Hawkings(FWH)acoustic model is used for evaluating the sound pressure level(SPL)generated by *** is extended to evaluate the hydro-elastic and acoustic response of the propeller after validating the hydrodynamic performance with the experimental result in the *** results from Two-way FSI analysis are in close agreement when compared with the one-way FSI ***-way FSI can accommodate the peak value of stress and deformation developed during the initial part of the transient solution which is important in the design of *** study reveals that metallic(NAB)propeller can be replaced by a composite *** acoustic response from two-way FSI analysis will be more realistic due to the consideration of hydro-elastic effect of propeller.

关键词： Advance ratio Coupled analysis CFD Marine propeller Hydrodynamic parameters Two-way fluid structure interaction

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Structural,electrical and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite with Nd^(3+) doping

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Rare Metals 2022年第1期41卷 240-245页

作者： Regaty Anitha Reddy Kattepogu Rama rao Bitra Rajesh Babu Guthikonda Kiran Kumar Cherukupalli Rajesh Anindita Chatterjee Nadella krishna Jyothi Department of Physics Koneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationVaddeswaramGunturAndhra Pradesh 522502India Department of Physics Andhra UniversityVisakhapatnamAndhra Pradesh 530003India Department of Physics G.V.P.College of Engineering for WomenVisakhapatnamAndhra Pradesh 530048India Department of Physics Raghu College of Engineering(A)BheemunipatnamVisakhapatnamAndhra Pradesh 531162India Department of Physics Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering(Autonomous)VisakhapatnamAndhra Pradesh 530048India Department of Chemistry Raghu College of Engineering(A)BheemunipatnamVisakhapatnamAndhra Pradesh 531162India

A systematic study on the influence of Nd^(3+) substitution on structural,magnetic and electrical properties of cobalt ferrite nanopowders obtained by sol–gel auto-combustion routewas *** formation of spinel phasewas confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD)data,and percolation limit ofNd3?into the spinel lattice was also *** transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)bands observed ≈580 and ≈390 cm^(-1 ) support the presence of Fe^(3+) at A andBsites in the spinel *** variation in microstructure was investigated by scanning electronmicroscopy(SEM),and the average grain size varies from 5.3 to 3.3 *** substitution of Nd^(3+) significantly affects the formation of pores and grain size of cobalt ***-temperature saturation magnetization and coercivity decrease from 60 to 30 mA·m^(2)·g^(-1) and 19.9–17.8 mT,respectively,with Nd^(3+) substitution *** decreases in magnetic properties are explained based on the presence of non-magnetic nature of Nd^(3+) concentration and the dilution of super-exchange interaction in the spinel *** room-temperature direct-current electrical resistivity increases with Nd^(3+) concentration increasing,which is due to the unavailability of Fe^(2+) at octahedral B sites.

关键词： Co-Nd ferrite Saturation magnetization DC resistivity

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Impact of weather variables on mosquitoes infected with Japanese encephalitis virus in Kurnool district,Andhra Pradesh

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第5期5卷 337-341页

作者： Suryanarayana Murty Upadhyayula Srinivasa rao Mutheneni Hari krishna Nayanoori Arunachalam Natarajan Prashant Goswami Bioinformatics Group Biology Division.Indian Institute of Chemical Technology(CSIR)Hyderabad-500 607Andhra PradeshIndia Centre for Research in Medical Entomology(ICMR) Madurai-625002India CSIR Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation(C-MMMACS) BengaluruIndia

Objective:To assess the virus infection in mosquitoes during different seasons and correlated with various climatic ***:The field collected vectors were screened for Japanese encephalitis(JE) virus after dessication using ELISA *** of the positive pools were recorded from Culex tritaeniorhynchus(***) and ***(***) during JE transmission season(winter) and some positive pools were also reported during non JE transmission periods(*** and rainy seasons).Results:The minimum infection rates(MIR) of 1.75 from *** and 0.17 from *** has been reported in the year 2002 at the beginning of the study and the values were found nil at the end of the study(2006) from the study areas of Kurnool ***:From this study it is noted that MTR of *** and *** were modulated by various meteorological *** mosquito vector abundance increases after the monsoon period(winter) and lowest in dry season(summer). Similarly,MIR fluctuated between seasons with higher MIR recorded after monsoon period and lower in the rest of *** of these metrological parameters in JE virus infected mosquitoes is discussed in this paper.

关键词： Japanese encephalitis virus Minimum infection rate Rainfall Temperature

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Antiproliferative role of Indig ofera aspalathoides on 20 methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma in rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第12期2卷 966-974页

作者： Sivagnanam Selva Kumar Mudiganti Ram krishna rao Maruthaiveeran Periyasamy Balasubramanian Department of Industrial Biotechnology Bharath University Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology Dr.A.L.M.Post graduate Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Madras

Objective:To find out the anticancer effect of indigofera aspalathoides(***)on20-methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma in ***:Fibrosarcoma was induced in Wistar strain male albino rats by ***(i.p.)administration of250 mg/kg body weight/day of aqueous extract of *** for 30 d effectively suppressed chemically induced *** such as body weight,liver and kidney weight,tumor weight,mean survival time,behavioral changes,blood glucose,blood glycogen and marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),acid phosphatase(ACP)and 5'-nucleiotidase(5'-NT)in serum,liver and kidney and lipid profiles such as total cholesterel,phospholipids,free fatty acids in liver and kidney of control and experimental animals were ***:Fibrosarcoma bearing animals were ferocious and *** mean survival time was found to increase after the *** body weights were significantly decreased(P<0.001)in groupⅡfibrosarcoma animals which steadily increased after the treatment with *** liver and kidney weights were significantly increased whereas the tumor weights decreased as compared to the weights in untreated fibrosarcoma bearing *** blood glucose and the liver and kidney glycogen levels were found to decrease significantly(P<0.001)in groupⅡ*** activities of marker enzymes were observed in serum,liver and kidney of fibrosarcoma bearing GroupⅡanimals which were normalize after *** *** the liver and kidney of GroupⅡanimals the total cholesterol increased whereas the pbospbolipids and free fatty acid levels decreased(P<0.001)which were normalized after ***:The treatment by *** on fihrosarcoma bearing rats has improved the levels of various parameters indicating its antiproliferative and anticancer activity.

关键词： Chemoprevention Tumor weight Mean survival time Glucose Glycogen Marker enzymes

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Mapping rice-fallow cropland areas for short-season grain legumes intensification in South Asia using MODIS 250 m time-series data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第10期9卷 981-1003页

作者： Murali krishna Gumma Prasad S.Thenkabail Pardharsadhi Teluguntla Mahesh N.rao Irshad A.Mohammed Anthony M.Whitbread International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics PatancheruIndia U.S.Geological Survey(USGS) Western Geographic Science CenterFlagstaffAZUSA Humboldt State University ArcataCAUSA

The goal of this study was to map rainfed and irrigated rice-fallow cropland areas across South Asia,using MODIS 250 m time-series data and identify where the farming system may be intensified by the inclusion of a short-season crop during the fallow ***-fallow cropland areas are those areas where rice is grown during the kharif growing season(June–October),followed by a fallow during the rabi season(November–February).These cropland areas are not suitable for growing rabi-season rice due to their high water needs,but are suitable for a short-season(≤3 months),low water-consuming grain legumes such as chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.),black gram,green gram,and ***(double-cropping)in this manner can improve smallholder farmer’s incomes and soil health via rich nitrogen-fixation legume crops as well as address food security challenges of ballooning populations without having to expand *** grain legumes,primarily chickpea,are increasingly grown across Asia as a source of income for smallholder farmers and at the same time providing rich and cheap source of protein that can improve the nutritional quality of diets in the *** suitability of rainfed and irrigated rice-fallow croplands for grain legume cultivation across South Asia were defined by these identifiers:(a)rice crop is grown during the primary(kharif)crop growing season or during the north-west monsoon season(June–October);(b)same croplands are left fallow during the second(rabi)season or during the south-east monsoon season(November–February);and(c)ability to support low water-consuming,short-growing season(≤3 months)grain legumes(chickpea,black gram,green gram,and lentils)during rabi *** irrigated or rainfed crops such as rice or wheat that were grown during kharif were not considered suitable for growing during the rabi season,because the moisture/water demand of these crops is too *** study established cropland classes based on the every 16-day 25

关键词： Croplands cropland fallow seasonal rice mapping rice-fallow intensification kharif rabi remote sensing double-cropping MODIS 250 m NDVI spectral matching techniques ground survey data grain legumes potential cropland areas South Asia

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Cut-off of body mass index and waist circumference to predict hypertension in Indian adults

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第7期2卷 272-278页

作者： Tanu Midha Vinay krishna Bhola Nath Ranjeeta Kumari Yashwant Kumar rao Umeshwar Pandey Samarjeet Kaur Department of Community Medicine Government Medical CollegeKannaujUttar Pradesh 209732India Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery LPS Institute of CardiologyKanpurUttar Pradesh 208002India Department of Community Medicine VCSGGMS and RISrinagarGarhwalUttarakhand 246174India Department of Community and Family Medicine AIIMSRishikesh 249201India Department of Pediatrics GSVM Medical CollegeKanpurUttar Pradesh 208002India Department of Cardiology LPS Institute of CardiologyKanpurUttar Pradesh 208002India Department of Community Medicine GSVM Medical CollegeKanpurUttar Pradesh 208002India

AIM: To determine the cut-off values of body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference to predict hypertension in adults in north ***: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in 801 subjects in Kanpur, aged 20 years and above, using multistage stratified random sampling technique. A pre-tested structured question-naire was used to elicit the required information from the study participants and the diagnostic criteria for hypertension were taken according to the Seventh Joint National Committee Report on Hypertension(JNC-7). Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analysis was used to estimate the cut-off values of BMI and waist circumference to predict ***: The ROC analysis revealed that BMI is a good predictor of hypertension for both men(area under the ROC curve 0.714) and women(area under the ROC curve 0.821). The cut-off values of BMI for predicting hypertension were identified as ≥ 24.5 kg/m2 in men and ≥ 24.9 kg/m2 in women. Similarly, the ROC analysis for waist circumference showed that it is a good predictor of hypertension both for men(area under the ROC curve 0.784) and women(area under the ROC curve 0.815). The cut-offs for waist circumference for predicting hypertension were estimated as ≥ 83 cm for men and ≥ 78 cm for women. Adults with high BMI or high waist circumference had a higher prevalence of hypertension, ***: Simple anthropometric measurements such as BMI and waist circumference can be used for screening people at increased risk of hypertension in order to refer them for more careful and early diagnostic evaluation. Policies and programs are required for primary and secondary prevention of hypertension.

关键词： Anthropometric indices Body mass index Waist circumference Obesity,Hypertension Adults

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Post-stroke mRNA expression profile of MMPs:effect of genetic deletion of MMP-12

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2018年第3期3卷 153-159页

作者： Koteswara rao Nalamolu Bharath Chelluboina Ian B Magruder Diane N Fru Adithya Mohandass Ishwarya Venkatesh Jeffrey D Klopfenstein David M Pinson krishna M Boini krishna Kumar Veeravalli Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology University of Illinois College of MedicinePeoriaIllinoisUSA Department of Neurosurgery University of Illinois College of MedicinePeoriaIllinoisUSA Comprehensive Stroke Center Illinois Neurological InstituteOSF HealthCare SystemSaint Francis Medical CenterPeoriaIllinoisUSA Department of Pathology University of Illinois College of MedicinePeoriaIllinoisUSA Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA Department of Neurology University of Illinois College of MedicinePeoriaIllinoisUSA

background and purpose Recent reports from our laboratory demonstrated the post-ischaemic expression profile of various matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)in rats and the detrimental role of MMP-12 in post-stroke brain *** hypothesise that the post-stroke dysregulation of MMPs is similar across species and that genetic deletion of MMP-12 would not affect the post-stroke expression of other *** tested our hypothesis by determining the pre-ischaemic and post-ischaemic expression profile of MMPs in wild-type and MMP-12 knockout *** Focal cerebral ischaemia was induced in wildtype and MMP-12 knockout mice by middle cerebral artery occlusion procedure by insertion of a monofilament *** hour after ischaemia,reperfusion was initiated by removing the *** day after reperfusion,ischaemic brain tissues from various groups of mice were collected,and total RNA was isolated and subjected to cDNA synthesis followed by PCR *** Although the post-stroke expression profile of MMPs in the ischaemic brain of mice is different from rats,there is a clear species similarity in the expression of MMP-12,which was found to be predominantly upregulated in both ***,the post-stroke induction or inhibition of various MMPs in MMP-12 knockout mice is different from their respective expression profile in wild-type ***,the brain mRNA expression profile of various MMPs in MMP-12 knockout mice under normal conditions is also different to their expression in wild-type *** In the ischaemic brain,MMP-12 upregulates several fold higher than any other *** derived with the genetic deletion of MMP-12 are constitutive and have altered MMP expression profile both under normal and ischaemic conditions.

关键词： MMPs removing hypothesis

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