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Efficient management and maintenance of ultrasonic nebulizers to prevent microbial contamination

World Journal of Methodology 2016年第1期6卷 126-132页

作者： Yoko Ida Hiroaki Ohnishi kouji araki Ryoichi Saito Shin Kawai Takashi Watanabe Clinical Laboratory Kyorin University Hospital Department of Microbiology and Immunology Graduate School of Health Care SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental University Department of Laboratory Medicine Kyorin University School of Medicine Department of General Medicine Kyorin University School of Medicine

AIM:To seek the cause of Burkholderia cepacia complex(Bcc) infection outbreak and evaluate the efficacy of new methods for nebulizer maintenance. METHODS: We investigated the annual number of Bcc isolates recovered from clinical samples in our hospital between 1999 and 2013. Swab samples were randomly collected for bacterial culture before patient use from 10 each of the two machine types in August 2001; these included 20 samples from each of the following: Drain tubes, operating water chambers, oscillators, and nebulizing chambers. In addition, 10 samples each of nebulizer solutions before and after use were cultured. For environmental investigation, 10 samples were collected from sinks in the nurse stations of the wards where patients positive for Bcc were hospitalized. Numbers of Bcc isolates were compared before and after introduction of new methods for nebulizer maintenance in October 2001. In addition, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) assay was applied to find the genetic divergence of the Bcc isolates obtained from clinical samples and nebulizers. RESULTS: From January 1999 to December 2013, a total of 487 Bcc isolates were obtained from clinical specimens from 181 patients. Notably, 322(66.1%) Bcc isolates were obtained from clinical specimens from 1999 to 2001, including 244(115 patients) from sputum and 34(11 patients) from blood. During this period, 14 isolates were obtained from nebulizer components. Among these, six were derived from nebulizer drain tubes, five from operating water chambers, and one from the oscillator before patient use, and two from nebulizer solutions after patient use. When Bcc was isolated from the nebulizer solution after patient use, Bcc was simultaneously detected in other parts of the nebulizer. Bcc was not isolated from any nebulizer solution before use. RAPD assays revealed similar DNA profiles in isolates obtained from patients and nebulizers. Investigation revealed damaged diaphragms in many nebulizers. The new main

关键词： Prevention Contamination Burkholderia cepacia Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA assay Ultrasonic nebulizer

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Shock Wave Observation in Narrow Tubes for a Parametric Study on Micro Wave Rotor Design

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Journal of Thermal Science 2008年第2期17卷 134-140页

作者： Koji Okamoto Mikiya araki Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics University of Tokyo Department of Mechanical Engineering Gunma University

Wave rotor is expected to improve the performance of micro gas turbines drastically. In the wave rotor design, the rotor speed is determined principally by the tube length. Therefore, a longer tube is preferable for miniaturized wave rotors to avoid the difficulty in bearings and lubrication system, while it may yield thicker wall boundary layer, shock wave dissipation and so on. In the present study, an experimental apparatus was built to visualize the wave rotor internal flow dynamics in a narrow tube by schlieren method and Laser Doppler Anemometry. In addi- tion, different lengths of the tube were adopted and compared to investigate the effect of wall friction. Finally, 2D numerical simulation was performed and the results were compared with those of experiments.

关键词： wave rotor shock wave unsteady flow micro propulsion flow visualization.

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Novel insights into the mechanism of reactive oxygen species-mediated neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第4期18卷 746-749页

作者： Shuji Wakatsuki Toshiyuki araki Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research National Institute of NeuroscienceNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan

Neurite degeneration,a major component of many neurodegenerative diseases,such as Parkinson’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,is not part of the typical apoptosis signaling mechanism,but rather it appears that a self-destructive process is in *** stress is a well-known inducer of neurodegenerative pathways:neuronal cell death and neurite *** oxidative stress exerts cytotoxic effects leading to neuronal loss,the pathogenic mechanisms and precise signaling pathways by which oxidative stress causes neurite degeneration have remained entirely *** previously reported that reactive oxygen species generated by NADPH oxidases induce activation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase ZNRF1 in neurons,which promotes neurite *** this process,the phosphorylation of an NADPH oxidase subunit p47-phox at the 345serine residue serves as an important checkpoint to initiate the ZNRF1-dependent neurite *** provides new insights into the mechanism of reactive oxygen species-mediated *** this review,we focus specifically on reactive oxygen species-induced neurite degeneration by highlighting a phosphorylation-dependent regulation of the molecular interaction between ZNRF1 and the NADPH oxidase complex.

关键词： neurite degeneration oxidative stress phosphorylation reactive oxygen species ubiquitin ligase

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Expression of bcl-2 gene increases in apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells induced by rattlesnake venom

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第13期45卷 1195-1198页

作者： araki Satohiko Hayashi Hiroshi Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory School of ScienceNagoya UniversityTobaMie517JapanSugashima Marine Biological LaboratorySchool of ScienceNagoya UniversityTobaMie517Japan

Apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells (VEC) has been induced by deprivation of survival factors (aFGF and serum) and by rattlesnake venom. The expression of bcl-2 gene has been examined by Northern blotting in the two apoptosis inducing systems. Our results show that the expression of bcl-2 has not been detected in normal culture cells and in apoptotic cells induced by deprivation of survival factors. But in apoptotic cells induced by rattlesnake venom (10 μg/mL), the expression of bcl-2 increases, and its mRNA exhibits two bands. The data first suggest that increasing expression and splitting of bcl-2 mRNA may play an important role in apoptosis of VEC induced by rattlesnake venom, and this finding is helpful to understanding the role of bcl-2 in regulation of apoptosis.

关键词： bcl-2 gene rattlesnake venom apoptosis vascular endothelial cells.

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Autothermal reforming of biogas over a monolithic catalyst

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2010年第5期19卷 477-481页

作者： Sadao araki Naoe Hino Takuma Mori Susumu Hikazudani Hitachi Zosen Corporation Business & Product Development HeadquartersTechnical Research Institute

This study focused on measurement of the autothermal reforming of biogas over a Ni based monolithic catalyst. The effects of the steam/CH4 （S/C） ratio, O2/CH4 （O2/C） ratio and temperature were investigated. The CH4 conversions were higher under all examined temperatures than the equilibrium conversion calculated using the blank outlet temperature, because the catalyst layer was heated by the exothermic catalytic partial oxidation reaction. The CH 4conversion increased with increasing O2/C ratio. Moreover, the CH4 conversion was higher than the equilibrium conversion calculated using the blank outlet temperature for O2/C〉0.42 and reached about 100% at O2/C=0.55. However, the hydrogen concentration decreased for O2/C〉0.45 because hydrogen was combusted to steam in the presence of excess oxygen. On the other hand, the hydrogen and CO2 concentrations increased and the CO concentration decreased with increasing SIC ratio. As a result, it was found that the highest hydrogen concentrations and CH4 conversions were attained at the O2/C ratios of 0.45-0.55 and the SIC ratios of 1.5-2.5. Moreover, the H2/CO ratio could also be controlled in the range from about 2 to 3.5 to give at least 90% CH4 conversion, by regulating the O2/C or S/C ratios.

关键词： autothermal reforming biogas hydrogen production monolithic catalyst Ni based catalyst

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Event detection and visualization of ocean eddies simulated by ocean general circulation model

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2019年第3期10卷 164-182页

作者： Daisuke Matsuoka Fumiaki araki Hideharu Sasaki Information Engineering Program Research Institute for Value-Added-Information Generation Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology(JAMSTEC)3173-25 Showa-machi Kanazawa-kuYokohama 236-0001Japan Application Laboratory(APL)Research Institute for Value-Added-Information Generation Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology(JAMSTEC)3173-25 Showa-machi Kanazawa-kuYokohama 236-0001Japan

Numerical study of ocean eddies has been carried out by using high-resolution ocean general circulation *** order to understand ocean eddies from the large volume data produced by simulations,visualizing only eddy distribution at each time step is insufficient;time-variations in eddy events and phenomena must also be ***,existing methods cannot precisely find and track eddy events such as amalgamation and *** this study,we propose an original approach for eddy detection,tracking,and event visualization based on an eddy classification *** proposed method detects streams and currents as well as eddies,and it classifies discovered eddies into several categories using the additional stream and current *** tracking how the classified eddies vary over time,detecting events such as eddy amalgamation and bifurcation as well as the interaction between eddies and ocean currents becomes *** adopt the proposed method for two ocean areas in which strong ocean currents exist as case *** visualize the detected eddies and events in a time series of images,allowing us to acquire an intuitive understanding of a region of interest concealed in a high-resolution data ***,our proposed method succeeded in clarifying the occurrence place and seasonality of each type of eddy event.

关键词： Ocean simulation ocean eddy ocean current visualization

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Cancer-associated fibroblasts in hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第30期22卷 6841-6850页

作者： Norio Kubo Kenichiro araki Hiroyuki Kuwano Ken Shirabe Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Department of General Surgical Science Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine

The hepatic stellate cells in the liver are stimulated sustainably by chronic injury of the hepatocytes, activating myofibroblasts, which produce abundant collagen. Myofibroblasts are the major source of extracellular proteins during fibrogenesis, and may directly, or secreted products, contribute to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs) are one of the components of the tumor microenvironment that promote the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells by secreting various growth factors and cytokines. CAFs crosstalk with cancer cells stimulates tumor progression by creating a favorable microenvironment for progression, invasion, and metastasis through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Basic studies on CAFs have advanced, and the role of CAFs in tumors has been elucidated. In particular, for hepatocellular carcinoma, carcinogenesis from cirrhosis is a known fact, and participation of CAFs in carcinogenesis is supported. In this review, we discuss the current literature on the role of CAFs and CAF-related signaling in carcinogenesis, crosstalk with cancer cells, immunosuppressive effects, angiogenesis, therapeutic targets, and resistance to chemotherapy. The role of CAFs is important in cancer initiation and progression. CAF-targeted therapy may be effective for suppression not only of fibrosis but also cancer progression.

关键词： Cancer associated fibroblast Hepatic stellate cell Hepatocellular carcinoma Immunosuppression Therapeutic target

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Prolonged survival in patients with hand-foot skin reaction secondary to cooperative sorafenib treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第32期27卷 5424-5437页

作者： Masanori Ochi Toshiro Kamoshida Masahiro araki Tadashi Ikegami Department of Gastroenterology Hitachi General HospitalIbaraki 317–0077Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Ibaraki Prefectural Central HospitalIbaraki Cancer CenterIbaraki 309-1793Japan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical CenterIbaraki 309-1793Japan

BACKGROUND Sorafenib is an oral drug that prolongs overall survival(OS)in patients with hepatocellular *** events,including hand-foot skin reaction(HFSR),lead to permanent sorafenib *** To clarify the association between interventions for adverse events and patient *** We performed a retrospective,multicenter study of patients treated with sorafenib monotherapy between May 2009 and March *** developed a mutual cooperation system that was initiated at the start of sorafenib treatment to effectively manage adverse *** mutual cooperation system entailed patients receiving consultations during which pharmacists provided accurate information about sorafenib to alleviate the fear and anxiety related to adverse *** stratified the patients into three groups:Group A,patients without HFSR but with pharmacist intervention;Group B,patients with HFSR and pharmacist interventions unreported to oncologists(nonmutual cooperation system);and Group C,patients with HFSR and pharmacist interventions known to oncologists(mutual cooperation system).OS and time to treatment failure(TTF)were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier *** We enrolled 134 patients(Group A,n=41;Group B,n=30;Group C,n=63).The median OS was significantly different between Groups A and C(6.2 vs 13.9 mo,p<0.01)but not between Groups A and B(6.2 vs 7.7 mo,P=0.62).Group A vs Group C was an independent OS predictor(HR,0.41;95%CI:0.25-0.66;P<0.01).In Group B alone,TTF was significantly lower and the nonadherence rate was higher(P<0.01).In addition,the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between OS and TTF in each group were 0.41(Group A;P<0.01),0.13(Group B;P=0.51),and 0.58(Group C;P<0.01).There was a highly significant correlation between OS and TTF in Group ***,there was no correlation between OS and TTF in Group *** The mutual cooperation system increased treatment duration and improved prognosis in patients with *** prospect

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Sorafenib Pharmacists Oncologists Prognosis Duration of therapy

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Quantifying Roll Feel of a Car by Using a Musculoskeletal Mathematical Model

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第3期118卷 493-507页

作者： Masaki Izawa Ryota araki Tatsuro Suzuki Kaito Watanabe Kazuhito Misaji Showa Corporation 112-1 Haga-daiHaga-machHaga-gunTochigiJapan Ex-Graduate Student Nihon UniversityCollege of Industrial TechnologyDepartment of Mathematical Information EngineeringJapan Nihon University College of Industrial TechnologyDepartment of Mathematical Information EngineeringJapan

Primary purpose of this research is to create a three-dimensional musculoskeletal mathematical model of a driver of a car using a motion capture *** model is then used in an analysis of drive torque around joints and attached muscles as a vehicle travels in different travel modes and damping force settings to examine‘burdens’for the *** studies proposed a method of quantifying the degree of musculoskeletal load in simple human motion from the changes in drive torque around joints and attached ***,examination of the level of burdens for the driver while driving using this method does not seem to *** within the scope of evaluating different travel modes and dampers,there is no other *** of this study are hence a valuable new perspective on quantitative analysis of the burdens for the driver’s joints and muscles depending on the different settings of travel modes and dampers.

关键词： Human engineering biomechanics musculoskeletal mathematical model driving torque motion capture

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Stimulation by nizatidine,a histamine H_2-receptor antagonist,of duodenal HCO_3^-secretion in rats:relation to anti-cholinesterase activity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第5期6卷 651-658页

作者： Koji Takeuchi Shoji Kawauchi Hideo araki Shigeru Ueki Osamu Furukawa Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Kyoto Pharmaceutical UniversityMisasagiYamashinaKyoto 607-8414Japan CURE Bldg.114Suite 217 West LA VAMC 11301 Wilshire Blvd.Los AngelesCA 90073

AIM To examine whether nizatidine stimulates duodenal HCO_3^- secretion in rats by inhibiting AChE activity. METHODS Under pentobarbital anesthesia,a proximal duodenal loop was perfused with saline,and the HCO_3 secretion was measured at pH 7.0 using a pH-stat method and by adding 10mM ***,neostigmine,carbachol or famotidine was administered *** a single injection. RESULTS Intravenous administration of nizatidine(3-30 mg/kg)dose-dependently increased duodenal HCO_3^- secretion,and the effect at 10mg/kg was equivalent to that obtained by carbachol at 0.01 mg/*** nizatidine action was observed at the same dose range that inhibited acid secretion and enhanced gastric motility,mimicked by *** of neostigmine(0.03 mg/kg),and significantly attenuated by bilateral vagotomy and prior s.c. administration of atropine but not by indomethacin,a cyclooxygenase inhibitor,or N^G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester,a NO synthase *** HCO_3^- secretory response to acetylcholine(0.001 mg/kg)was significantly potentiated by the concurrent administration of nizatidine(3mg/kg,i.v.).The IC_(50)of nizatidine for AChE of rat erythrocytes was 1.4×10^(-6)M,about 12 times higher than that of *** famotidine(>10^(-3)M, 30mg/kg,i.v.)nor cisapride(> 10^(-3)M, 3mg/kg,i.v.)had any influence on AChE activity or duodenal HCO_3^- *** damage induced by acid perfusion(100 mM HCI for 4 h)in the presence of indomethacin was significantly prevented by nizatidine and neostigmine,at the doses that increased the HCO_3^- secretion. CONCLUSION Nizatidine stimulates duodenal HCO_3^- secretion,in both vagal-dependent and atropine-sensitive manners,and the action is associated with the anti-AChE activity of this agent.

关键词： nizatidine histamine H_2 receptor blockaders duodenal HCO_3^-secretion cholinesterase inhibitors rats

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