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Trends of nanotechnology in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2021年第1期16卷 62-76页

作者： Yannis V.Simos konstantinos spyrou Michaela Patila Niki Karouta Haralambos Stamatis Dimitrios Gournis Evangelia Dounousi Dimitrios Peschos Department of Physiology Faculty of MedicineSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of IoanninaIoannina 45110Greece Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of IoanninaIoannina 45110Greece Biotechnology Laboratory Department of Biological Applications and TechnologiesUniversity of IoanninaIoannina 45110Greece Department of Nephrology Faculty of MedicineSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of IoanninaIoannina 45110Greece Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group University of IoanninaIoannina 45110Greece

There are several therapeutic approaches in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).When diet and exercise fail to control hyperglycemia,patients are forced to start therapy with antidiabetic ***,these drugs present several drawbacks that can affect the course of *** major disadvantages of current oral modalities for the treatment of T2DM are mainly depicted in the low bioavailability and the immediate release of the drug,generating the need for an increase in frequency of *** conjugation with the manifestation of adverse side effects,patient compliance to therapy is *** the past few years nanotechnology has found fertile ground in the development of novel delivery modalities that can potentially enhance anti-diabetic regimes *** efforts have been targeted towards two main vital steps:(a)to protect the drug by encapsulating it into a nano-carrier system and(b)efficiently release the drug in a gradual as well as controllable ***,only a limited number of studies published in the literature used in vivo techniques in order to support *** we discuss the current disadvantages of modern T2DMmarketed drugs,and the nanotechnology advances supported by in vivo in mouse/rat models of glucose *** generation of drug nanocarriers may increase bioavailability,prolong release and therefore reduce dosing and thus,improve patient *** novel approach might substantially improve quality of life for *** ofmetal nanoformulations as indirect hypoglycemic agents is also discussed.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Nanotechnology Hyperglycemia Controlled release In vivo

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A Survey of the Availability of Primary Bioinformatics Web Resources

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2007年第1期5卷 70-76页

作者： Trias Thireou George spyrou Vassilis Atlamazoglou Biomedical Informatics Unit Foundation for Biomedical Research of the Academy of Athens 11527 AthensGreece Institute of Computer Science Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas 71110 HeraklionCrete Greece Biomedical Informatics Unit Foundation for Biomedical Research of the Academy of Athens 11527 AthensGreece

The explosive growth of the bioinformatics field has led to a large amount of data and software applications publicly available as web resources. However, the lack of persistence of web references is a barrier to a comprehensive shared access. We conducted a study of the current availability and other features of primary bioinforo matics web resources （such as software tools and databases）. The majority （95%） of the examined bioinformatics web resources were found running on UNIX/Linux operating systems, and the most widely used web server was found to be Apache （or Apache-related products）. Of the overall 1,130 Uniform Resource Locators （URLs） examined, 91% were highly available （more than 90% of the time）, while only 4% showed low accessibility （less than 50% of the time） during the survey. Furthermore, the most common URL failure modes are presented and analyzed.

关键词： bioinformatics resources link validity web reference persistence

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Clipping versus coiling in posterior circulation intracranial aneurysms: a meta-analysis

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2019年第3期5卷 151-162页

作者： Eleni Tsianaka Abdullah Al-Shawish Alexander Potapov Kostas Fountas Michael spyrou Nikolay Konovalov Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital of LarissaViopolis41111LarissaGreece Department of Neurosurgery Ibn Sina HospitalSabahMedical AreaShuwaikhKuwait Department of Neurotraumatology “N.N.Burdenko”Neurosurgery Institute164th Tverskaya–Yamskaya Str.MoscowRussia Department of Neurosurgery Ygeia Private HospitalGolgon333025LimassolCyprus Department of Spine Neurosurgery “N.N.Burdenko”Neurosurgery Institute164th Tverskaya–Yamskaya Str.MoscowRussia.

Posterior circulation intracranial aneurysm (IA) treatment remains challenging, due to the anatomy of the area and the high rupture possibility. Endovascular treatment seems to be more suitable for these aneurysms, but studies focused on endovascular treatment demonstrate a high rate of re-intervention needing. A meta-analysis might offer a clearer view, being useful in a more effective treatment planning. Methods: A systematic search was performed, using the PubMed database platform. The final article pool contained 20 articles. Studied parameters were operative mortality, late mortality, permanent neurologic deficit (PND), and the need for re-intervention (Re-int). We divided patients into two subgroups, those with ruptured and those with unruptured aneurysm. Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate software. Results: In the total population (645 patients), there was a superiority of coiling over clipping in terms of PND and of coiling in terms of Re-int. As regards mortality, there was no clear superiority of one method over the other. Conclusions: The current study came to the conclusion that there is a superiority of coiling over clipping in terms of PND. On the other hand, clipping seems to be superior to coiling in terms of the need for re-intervention. As regards mortality (both operative and late), there is no clear superiority of one method over the other. Studying subgroups of patients (ruptured and unruptured posterior circulation IAs), in terms of PND, there is no superiority of one method over the other. The same goes for Op-Mo on ruptured aneurysms.

关键词： Clipping Coiling Intracranial aneurysms Meta-analysis Posterior circulation

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Luminous Activity Study of a Long Atmospheric Pressure DBD Afterglow

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Plasma Science and Technology 2007年第6期9卷 678-681页

作者： E.PANOUSIS F.CLEMENT N.spyrou J.F.LOISEAU C.MONGE B.HELD Laboratory of Gas Electronics and Plasmas-Pau University 64000 PanFrance Electrotechnic Materials LaboratoryUniversity of Patras26500 Patras-RioGreece Laboratory of Gas Electronics and Plasmas-Pau University 64000 PanFrance Electrotechnic Materials Laboratory University of Patras26500 Patras-RioGreece

The experimental work reported here is devoted to the study of the luminous activity of a long dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） afterglow at atmospheric pressure. The discharge plasma is generated in a commercially available （AcXys Technologies） reactor, using a N2 flow of a few tens SL/min, whereas the luminous afterglow when channelled into a quartz tube extends at a distance of 50 cm, finishing in a luminous arrow at the tube＇s exit. The luminous activity of the afterglow is studied by means of photomultiplier scans and optical emission spectroscopy, revealing an interesting transient phase. An attempt is made to correlate this effect with the active species＇ creation and destruction mechanisms.

关键词： DBD flowing afterglow optical emission spectroscopy

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Titanium Alloy Surface Modification by a Spatio-Temporal Atmospheric Pressure DBD Afterglow

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Plasma Science and Technology 2007年第6期9卷 670-673页

作者： E.PANOUSIS F.CLEMENT J.F.LOISEAU N.spyrou B.HELD J.LARRIEU F.GUERTON Laboratory of Gas Electronics and Plasmas-Pau University 64000 PauFrance Electrotechnic Materials LaboratoryUniversity of Patras26500 Patras-RioGreece Laboratory of Gas Electronics and Plasmas-Pau University 64000 PauFrance Electrotechnic Materials Laboratory University of Patras26500 Patras-RioGreece Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Spectroscopie Electronique University of Namur5000 NamurBelgium

The experimental work reported here is devoted to the study of the modifications inflicted on the surface of titanium alloy specimens by an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge（DBD） reactor in both spatial and temporal afterglow conditions. A commercially available （AcXys Technologies） modified reactor system was used for the surface treatment of the TiA6V4 titanium alloy that is widely used in the aeronautical industry. Wettability surface characterisation and XPS analyses are performed to give a macroscopic and microscopic insight to the surface modifications. Best operating conditions, at constant input energy, were obtained for a duty cycle equal to 10%.

关键词： DBD titanium alloy atmospheric pressure

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Vitamin D:A new player in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第6期21卷 1718-1727页

作者： Myrto Eliades Elias spyrou Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nu-trition University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Medstar Washington Hospital Center

Vitamin D through its active form 1a-25-dihydroxyvtamin D[1,25(OH)2D]is a secosteroid hormone that plays a key role in mineral *** years have witnessed a significant scientific interest on vitamin D and expanded its actions to include immune modulation,cell differentiation and proliferation and inflammation *** our understanding of the many functions of vitamin D has grown,the presence of vitamin D deficiency has become one of the most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies ***,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become the most common form of chronic liver disease in western *** and vitamin D deficiency often coexist and epidemiologic evidence has shown that both of these conditions share several cardiometabolic risk *** this article we provide an overview of the epidemiology and pathophysiology linking NAFLD and vitamin D deficiency,as well as the available evidence on the clinical utility of vitamin D supplementation in NAFLD.

关键词： Steatohepatitis Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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A Facelift for a Two-Year-Old: Alternative Use of Facelift Approach, to Achieve Serial Excision of a Medium Sized Congenital Naevus, in a Two-Year-Old Patient

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Surgical Science 2011年第9期2卷 453-455页

作者： Marco Malahias Diaa Othman George spyrou 不详

Historically, face-lifting consisted of elevating the skin, placing it under tension to reduce the wrinkles, resecting the skin needed to accomplish this, and then securing the resected edges. However, over time, facelift surgery evolved beyond the Dorland’s definition of “rhytidectomy” (excision of skin for the elimination of wrinkles [1]) and various different techniques and indications have been *** report of the pre-auricular facelift approach, as described by Skoog [2] for alternative use: The excision of a giant cell tumour, utilizing this facelift technique to achieve serial excision from a two year old, male patient’s face. This has resulted in a satisfactory aesthetic outcome and scar alignment in favourable area as well as excision of a significant part of the lesion, and awaiting further serial excision for completion.

关键词： Facelift Congenital Naevus Facial Reconstruction

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Selenium and the Thioredoxin and Glutaredoxin Systems

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1997年第2期10卷 271-279页

作者： MIKAEL BJORNSTEDT SUSHIL KUMAR LINDA BJ■RKHEM GIANNIS spyrou AND ARNE HOLMGREN(The Medical Nobel Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden Department of Bioscience, Medical Nobel Institute for Biochemistry Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden.

Thioredoxin (Trx) is a small ubiquitous dithiol protein which together with the FADcontaining enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TR) and NADPH (the Trx system) is a hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase essential for DNA synthesis and a general protein disulfide reductase involved in redox regulation. Selenite, selenodiglutathione (GS-Se-SG) and selenocystine are efficiently reduced by thioredoxins and also directly by NADPH and mammalian TR but not by the E. coli enzyme. Incubation of selenite or GS-Se-SG with the Trx system or with mammalian TR results in a rapid formation of selenide, which by redox cycling with oxygen may cause a large non-stoichiometric oxidation of NADPH. Selenocystine is efficiently reduced into two molecules of the selenol amino acid selenocysteine by mammalian TR with a Km-value (6μmol·L-1 ) and a high turnover number (kcat, 3200 min-1) almost identical to the natural substrate Trx-S2. TR also directly reduces lipid hydroperoxides and this peroxidase reaction is strongly stimulated by the presence of catalytic amounts of free selenocysteine. Glutaredoxin (Grx) which catalyzes GSH dependent disulfide reduction also via a redox-active disulfide and Trx are both efficient electron donors to the hut-nan plasrna glutathione peroxidase providing a mechanism by which human plasma glutathione peroxidase may reduce hydroperoxides in an environment almost free from glutathione. Selenate is reduced by Grx and Trx in the presence of GSH. The DNA-binding of the transcription factor AP-1 is strongly inhibited by GS-Se-SG and selenite. Furtherrnore, selenide formed by TR-mediated reduction of selenite and GS-Se-SG inhibits lipoxygenase and changes the electron spin resonance spectrum of the active site iron. Mammalian TR with two subunits of 57 kDa has recently been cloned and shown to be homologous to glutathione reductase. The rat enzyme contains a selenocysteine residue in a unique Cterminal position and a conserved SEClS sequence directing insertion

关键词： NADPH Selenium and the Thioredoxin and Glutaredoxin Systems GSH USA ADF

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Vlammals and habitat disturbance： the case 3f brown hare and wildfire

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Current Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 421-430页

作者： Christos Sokos Periklis BIRTSAS konstantinos G. PAPASPYROPOULOS Efstathios TSACHALIDIS Alexios GIANNAKOPOULOS Chrysostomos MILLS Vassiliki spyrou Katerina MANOLAKOU George VALIAKOS Christos IAKOVAKIS Labrini V. ATHANASIOU Athanasios SFOUGARIS Charalambos BILLINIS Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Thessaly 43100 Karditsa Hellas Greece Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly Larissa Hellas Greece Research Division Hunting Federation of Macedonia and Thrace Ethnikis Antistasis 173-175 55134 Thessaloniki Hellas Greece Laboratory of Wildlife Department of Forestry and Management of Natural Environment Technological Institute of Thessaly Karditsa Hellas Greece Laboratory of Hunting Management Department of Forestry and Environmental Management Democritus University of Thrace Orestiada Hellas Greece Ministry of Rural Development and Foods Feed Stuff Control Laboratory of Thessaloniki Thermi Thessaloniki Hellas Greece Department of Animal Husbandry and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Thessaly Karditsa Hellas Greece Department of Animal Production Technological Institute of Thessaly Larissa Hellas Greece Department of Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Thessaly Karditsa Hellas Greece Laboratory of Ecosystem and Biodiversity Management Faculty of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment University of Thessaly Volos Hellas Greece

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