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Evaluation of the safety of hair essence containing 0.05% purified bee venom on the skin and eyes of rabbits

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2020年第1期40卷 67-72页

作者： Mi Kyung Lim Eun Hye Han Sang Ho lee Jee hee Kim R&D Center KoreaeundanGyeonggi-do 13207Republic of Korea

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the safety of hair essence containing 0.05%purified bee venom(HE-PBV)on the skin and eyes of New Zealand White ***:HE-PBV which contained 0.05%PBV,purified water,and glycerin,was used as the test *** skin-irritation test(SIT)and eye-irritation test(EIT)were conducted according to the Draize *** the SIT,HE-PBV(0.5 m L)dropped gauze was attached both intact and abraded skin for 24 *** other side of the skin was used as *** 24 and 72 h,the treatment site was observed and scored according to evaluation criteria for skin *** the EIT,the rabbits were divided into two groups:eye-washed(three rabbits)and non-eye-washed(six rabbits).HE-PBV(0.1 m L)was squirted into the right eye of *** left eye was untreated and used as a ***,20-30-s later,the eyes of rabbits in the eye-washed group were washed with^50 m L of physiologic(0.9%)salt ***,1,2,3,4 and 7 d after the start of the EIT,the eyes and behavior of the rabbits were *** degree of eye irritation elicited by HE-PBV was determined in three steps and then the criteria of the classification of eye-irritation ***:The SIT revealed erythema and edema at the site of HE-PBV *** 72 h,the body weight of rabbits was reduced slightly,but other symptoms(except erythema and edema)were not *** Primary Irritation Index score was0.6,and HE-PBV was deemed to be a slight *** EIT did not show mortality or body-weight fluctuation,but hyperemic conjunctiva and eyelid closure were noted after HE-PBV *** for these results,the score for the ophthalmic response on days 1,2,3,4 and 7 was 0,and HE-PBV was deemed to be a ***:These data suggest that HE-PBV did not elicit eye irritation,but was a slight irritant to the skin of rabbits;the latter slight would have been due to the excipients used in manufacture of the hair essence because PBV has been shown to be safe.

关键词： Alopecia Bee Venoms Hair essence Skin irritancy tests Eye irritancy tests Complementary therapies

Broken-up spectra of the loop-top hard X-ray source during a solar limb flare

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第12期19卷 207-216页

作者： Hao Ning Yao Chen Jeongwoo lee Zhao Wu Yang Su Xiang-Liang kong Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment and Institute of Space SciencesShandong UniversityWeihai 264209China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Solar hard X-rays(HXRs) appear in the form of either footpoint sources or coronal sources. Each individual source provides its own critical information on acceleration of nonthermal electrons and plasma heating. Earlier studies found that the HXR emission in some events manifests a broken-up power-law spectrum, with the break energy around a few hundred keV based on spatially-integrated spectral analysis,and it does not distinguish the contributions from individual sources. In this paper, we report on the brokenup spectra of a coronal source studied using HXR data recorded by Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager(RHESSI) during the SOL2017–09–10 T16:06(GOES class X8.2) flare. The flare occurred behind the western limb and its footpoint sources were mostly occulted by the disk. We could clearly identify such broken-up spectra pertaining solely to the coronal source during the flare peak time and after. Since a significant pileup effect on the RHESSI spectra is expected for this intense solar flare, we have selected the pileup correction factor, p = 2. In this case, we found the resulting RHESSI temperature(~30MK) to be similar to the GOES soft X-ray temperature and break energies of 45–60 keV. Above the break energy, the spectrum hardens with time from spectral index of 3.4 to 2.7, and the difference in spectral indices below and above the break energy increases from 1.5 to 5 with time. However, we note that when p = 2 is assumed, a single power-law fitting is also possible with the RHESSI temperature higher than the GOES temperature by ~10MK. Possible scenarios for the broken-up spectra of the loop-top HXR source are briefly discussed.

关键词： acceleration of particles Sun:corona Sun:flares Sun:UV radiation Sun:X-rays gamma rays

Efficient photovoltaic effect in graphene/h-BN/silicon heterostructure self-powered photodetector

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Nano Research 2021年第6期14卷 1967-1972页

作者： Ui Yeon Won Boo Heung lee Young Rae Kim Won Tae Kang Ilmin lee Ji Eun Kim Young hee lee Woo Jong Yu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics Institute for Basic Science(IBS)Suwon16419Republic of Korea

Graphene(Gr)/Si-based optoelectronic devices have attracted a lot of academic attention due to the simpler fabrication processes,low costs,and higher performance of their two-dimensional(2D)/three-dimensional(3D)hybrid interfaces in Schottky junction that promotes electron-hole ***,due to the built-in potential of Gr/Si as a photodetector,the Iph/Idark ratio is often hindered near zero-bias at relatively low illumination *** is a major drawback in self-powered *** this study,we have demonstrated a self-powered van der Waals heterostructure photodetector in the visible range using a Gr/hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)/Si structure and clarified that the thin h-BN insertion can engineer asymmetric carrier transport and avoid interlayer coupling at the *** dark current was able to be suppressed by inserting an h-BN insulator layer,while maintaining the photocurrent with minimal decrease at near *** a result,the normalized photocurrent-to-dark ratio(NPDR)is improved more than 104 ***,both Iph/Idark ratio and detectivity,increase by more than 104 times at−0.03 V drain *** proposed Gr/h-BN/Si heterostructure is able to contribute to the introduction of next-generation photodetectors and photovoltaic devices based on graphene or silicon.

关键词： graphene hexagonal boron nitride van der Waals heterostructure self-powered Research

Generation and measurement of arbitrary four-dimensional spatial entanglement between photons in multicore fibers

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Photonics Research 2019年第1期7卷 19-27页

作者： hee JUNG lee hee SU PARK Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science(KRISS) Agency for Defense Development

High-dimensional entanglement is a valuable resource for secure and efficient quantum information processing.A major challenge for practical use of multidimensional quantum systems is the establishment of controls over arbitrary superposition states in realistic conditions. This work demonstrates spatially entangled photon pairs propagating through two separate four-core optical fibers with the amplitudes and phases of the superposition being independently controllable. Using quantum state analyzers that can detect arbitrary multicore superposition states, Bell-type CGLMP inequalities in two, three, and four dimensions are directly tested. Enhanced violation of the inequality by slight nonmaximality of entanglement is also demonstrated.

关键词： High-dimensional entanglement efficient quantum demonstrates spatially

Pancreatic pseudocyst filled with semisolid lipids mimicking solid mass on endoscopic ultrasound

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第8期16卷 1034-1038页

作者： Sang-Woo Cha Sae hee Kim Hyang Ie lee Yun Jung lee Hyeon Woong Yang Sung hee Jung Anna Kim Min Koo lee Hyun Young Han Dong Wook Kang Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Eulji University College of Medicine Eulji University Hospital Division of Gastroenterology Department of Surgery Eulji University College of Medicine Eulji University Hospital Division of Gastroenterology Department of Radiology Eulji University College of Medicine Eulji University Hospital Division of Gastroenterology Department of Pathology Eulji University College of Medicine Eulji University Hospital

Pancreatic pseudocysts,which account for 70%-90% of pancreatic cystic lesions,characteristically are non-epithelially lined cystic cavities that are contiguous with the pancreas. Pancreatic pseudocysts can be caused by acute,chronic or traumatic pancreatitis and should be differentiated from other pancreatic diseases with cystic appearances,especially cystic neoplasms. We report a unique case of a pancreatic pseudocyst filled with semisolid lipids,which appeared by endoscopic ultrasound as a solid mass,and was therefore resected.

关键词： Pancreatic pseudocyst Lipids Endosonog-raphy

Reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblasts by apoptotic cancer cells inhibits lung metastasis via Notch1-WISP-1 signaling

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第12期19卷 1373-1391页

作者： hee Ja Kim Kyungwon Yang Kiyoon Kim Ye‐Ji lee Sieun lee Sung Yong Ahn Young‐Ho Ahn Jihee lee Kang Department of Physiology College of MedicineEwha Womans UniversitySeoul07804Korea Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center College of MedicineEwha Womans UniversitySeoul07804Korea Department of Molecular Medicine College of MedicineEwha Womans UniversitySeoul07804Korea

The interplay between apoptotic cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment modulates cancer progression and ***-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)play a crucial role in promoting these events through paracrine ***,we demonstrate that conditioned medium(CM)from lung CAFs exposed to apoptotic cancer cells suppresses TGF-β1-induced migration and invasion of cancer cells and *** exposure of CAFs to apoptotic 344SQ cells(ApoSQ)inhibited CAF migration and invasion and the expression of CAF activation *** secretion of Wnt‐induced signaling protein 1(WISP-1)by CAFs exposed to ApoSQ was required for these antimigratory and anti-invasive *** inhibition of Notch1 activation or siRNA-mediated Notch1 silencing prevented WISP-1 production by CAFs and reversed the antimigratory and anti-invasive *** expression of the Notch ligand delta-like protein 1 on the surface of ultraviolet-irradiated apoptotic lung cancer cells triggered Notch1-WISP-1 *** receptor brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1(BAI1)-Rac1 signaling,which facilitated efferocytosis by CAFs,participated in crosstalk with Notch1 signaling for optimal production of *** addition,a single injection of ApoSQ enhanced WISP-1 production,suppressed the expression of CAF activation markers in isolated Thy1^(+)CAFs,and inhibited lung metastasis in syngeneic immunocompetent mice via Notch1 *** with CM from CAFs exposed to ApoSQ suppressed tumor growth and lung metastasis,whereas treatment with WISP-1-immunodepleted CM from CAFs exposed to ApoSQ reversed the antitumorigenic and antimetastatic ***,treatment with CM from CAFs exposed to apoptotic lung cancer cells could be therapeutically applied to suppress CAF activation,thereby preventing cancer progression and metastasis.

关键词： CAFs Apoptotic lung cancer cells Notch1 WiSP-1 Efferocytosis Migration Invasion Metastasis

A new analytical approach for identifying market contagion

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Financial Innovation 2022年第1期8卷 1097-1131页

作者： hee Soo lee Tae Yoon Kim Department of Business Administration Sejong University209 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-guSeoul 05006Korea Department of Statistics Keimyung University1095 Dalgubeol-daeroDaegu 704-701Korea.

This study proposed a new analytical approach to identify the excessive comovement of two markets as *** goal is achieved by linking latent-factor and single-equation error correction models and evaluating the breaks in the short-and long-term relationships and correlatedness in the linked *** results demonstrated that a short-term relationship representing the market speed ratio between two markets plays a key role in contagion *** a long-term relationship or correlatedness is broken(comovement change)due to a break in the short-term relationship(market speed ratio),contagion is highly likely and should be formally *** posterior probabilities were calculated to determine the ***,this study applied this analytical Bayesian approach to empirically test the contagion effects of the *** market during the global financial crisis between 2007 and 2009 using 22 developed equity markets.

关键词： Contagion test Market integration Bayesian approach Comovement Market speed ratio

A Review on Interface Engineering of MXenes for Perovskite Solar Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第8期15卷 270-308页

作者： Srikanta Palei G.Murali Choong‑hee Kim Insik In Seul‑Yi lee Soo‑Jin Park Department of Chemistry Inha University100 InharoIncheon 22212South Korea Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Department of IT‑Energy Convergence(BK21 Four)Chemical Industry InstituteKorea National University of TransportationChungju 27469South Korea

With an excellent power conversion efficiency of 25.7%,closer to the Shockley–Queisser limit,perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have become a strong candidate for a next-generation energy ***,the lack of stability and reliability in PSCs remained challenging for ***,such as interfacial and structural engineering,have a more critical influence on enhanced ***,two-dimensional materials,have emerged as promising materials in solar cell applications due to their metallic electrical conductivity,high carrier mobility,excellent optical transparency,wide tunable work function,and superior mechanical *** to different choices of transition elements and surface-terminating functional groups,MXenes possess the feature of tuning the work function,which is an essential metric for band energy alignment between the absorber layer and the charge transport layers for charge carrier extraction and collection in ***,adopting MXenes to their respective components helps reduce the interfacial recombination resistance and provides smooth charge transfer paths,leading to enhanced conductivity and operational stability of *** review paper aims to provide an overview of the applications of MXenes as components,classified according to their roles as additives(into the perovskite absorber layer,charge transport layers,and electrodes)and themselves alone or as interfacial layers,and their significant importance in PSCs in terms of device performance and ***,we discuss the present research status and future directions toward its use in PSCs.

关键词： MXenes Perovskite solar cells Additives Interfacial layer Electrodes

Evidence for novel age-dependent network structures as a putative primo vascular network in the dura mater of the rat brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第7期10卷 1101-1106页

作者： Ho-Sung lee Dai-In Kang Seung Zhoo Yoon Yeon hee Ryu Inhyung lee Hoon-Gi Kim Byung-Cheon lee Ki Bog lee Ki Primo Research Laboratory Division of Electrical Engineering KAIST Institute for Information Technology Convergence Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Nadi Primo Research Institute Graduate School of Integrative Medicine Sun Moon University Pharmacopuncture Medical Research Center Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine College of Medicine Korea University Acupuncture Moxibustion & Meridian Research Group Medical Research Division Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Department of Veterinary Surgery College of Veterinary Medicine Seoul National University Faculty of Liberal Education Seoul National University Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute

With chromium-hematoxylin staining, we found evidence for the existence of novel age-dependent network structures in the dura mater of rat brains. Under stereomicroscopy, we noticed that chromium-hematoxylin-stained threadlike structures, which were barely observable in 1-weekold rats, were networked in specific areas of the brain, for example, the lateral lobes and the cerebella, in 4-week-old rats. In 7-week-old rats, those structures were found to have become larger and better networked. With phase contrast microscopy, we found that in 1-week-old rats, chromium-hematoxylin-stained granules were scattered in the same areas of the brain in which the network structures would later be observed in the 4- and 7-week-old rats. Such age-dependent network structures were examined by using optical and transmission electron microscopy, and the following results were obtained. The scattered granules fused into networks with increasing age. Cross-sections of the age-dependent network structures demonstrated heavily-stained basophilic substructures. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the basophilic substructures to be clusters with high electron densities consisting of nanosized particles. We report these data as evidence for the existence of age-dependent network structures in the dura mater, we discuss their putative functions of age-dependent network structures beyond the general concept of the dura mater as a supporting matrix.

关键词： nerve regeneration dura mater chromium-hematoxylin staining fascia primo vascular system brain hormone neural regeneration