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Outpatient Management of Sickle Cell Disease: Assessment of 13 Years Follow-Up of Pediatric Patients at the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第2期12卷 413-423页

作者： Koffi Mawuse Guedenon Djatougbe Ayaovi Elie Akolly Essohana Padaro Ounoo Elom Takassi Etsè Akpako Balakibawi Esso kokou dzata Adama Dodji Gbadoe Department of Pediatrics CHU Sylvanus Olympio University of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Hematology CHU Campus University of Lomé LoméTogo University of Maryland Medical Systems/Midtown Campus Baltimore MD USA

Objective: To evaluate thirteen years of ambulatory follow-up of patients with major forms of sickle cell disease. Methods: This was a study of 1055 records of sickle cell patients aged 6 months to 45 years followed between 2006 and 2018. Results: Six hundred and eighty-one (64.5%) homozygous SS, 283 (26.8%) SC, 86 (8.2%) SF, 4 (0.4%) S? thalassemia and 1 (0.1%) SD sickle cell patients were followed. The majority of the patients (97.9%) were living in the capital city of Lomé and its surrounding suburbs. Most children (67.3%) were less than 5-year-old when they were diagnosed with sickle cell disease, and only 21.3% of cases were discovered before the first year birthday of the patients. Osteo-articular vaso occlusive crisis (VOC) was the principal symptom at the onset of the diagnosis, approximately 28.9% of the cases, followed by severe anemia (19%), then hand-foot syndrome in 15.6%. The systematic screening was performed in 5.4%. Twenty-six percent were G6PD deficient, 4 were HIV immunocompromised, and 29.7% were transfused. Among the degenerative complications, 2.4% had retinopathy, 1.9% osteonecrosis of the femoral head, 1.4% leg ulcers, and 0.8% cardiomyopathy. Salmonella typhi was the main cause of infection, 51.4% of the cases. The mean baseline hemoglobin level (n = 27) was 7.67 ± 1.64 g/dl. Four (0.4%) patients had a splenectomy. The mortality rate was 2.4%. The primary cause of death was anemia (28%), followed by sepsis in 20% of the cases. One case of suicide was documented as the cause of death. Conclusion: Outpatient medical follow-up of sickle cell patients is essential in sub-Saharan African countries where neonatal screening does not exist, and diagnosis is often late. The improvement in quality of life observed should be studied.

关键词： Sickle Cell Disease Outpatient Follow-Up Lomé

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Efficiency and Productivity Analysis of Togo Banks

Efficiency and Productivity Analysis of Togo Banks

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作者： PLACCA Latekoe kokou Papagan 湖南大学

学位级别：硕士

近50年来,许多国家的银行机构都经历了全球化、放松管制化与自由化的过程。尤其在多哥,银行等金融机构已经成为储蓄与投资的最主要的中间渠道。提高金融机构,特别是银行的绩效,筹集更多的存款并将其投入到各种生产活动中去,不仅有利于... 详细信息

近50年来,许多国家的银行机构都经历了全球化、放松管制化与自由化的过程。尤其在多哥,银行等金融机构已经成为储蓄与投资的最主要的中间渠道。提高金融机构,特别是银行的绩效,筹集更多的存款并将其投入到各种生产活动中去,不仅有利于投资者的个人利益,而且对于整个国家经济的发展有重要的意义。目前,对于银行效率的研究大多数集中于对美国、欧洲和亚洲银行的研究,而对非洲地区的研究成果较少,而至今尚无针对多哥银行效率的研究。此外,一些关于多哥银行战略的研究结果显示,与其他国家的银行相比,多哥银行普遍存在生产率低、管理技能缺乏等问题。因此,对多哥银行业的效益和生产率的研究具有深刻的理论和现实意义。数据包络分析作为一种非参数方法已经被广泛应用于银行的绩效评价。本文考察了2000-2008年期间金融自由化对多哥银行效率的的影响,检验WAMU金融自由化是否会增加多哥商业银行的效益和生产率。考虑到数据的可用性,选择了7家多哥银行进行分析。由于决策单元数量较少,现有的DEA模型分辨率很低。因此,本文提出了一种基于"P-index Ⅱ"的Malmquist指数,用于评价多哥银行的技术效率、规模效率和全要素生产增长率实证结果表明：整个多哥银行业的全要素生产率有较大提高,且技术进步是生产力增长的重要来源。银行的规模对银行绩效的影响非常有限,金融自由化并没有提高多哥银行的技术效率。

关键词：数据包络分析多哥银行无效前沿面 Malmquist指数绩效评价

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Analysis of the Technical and Sanitary Constraints of the Traditional Breeding of Guinea Fowl in ＂Region des Savanes＂ of Northern Togo

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2018年第1期6卷 77-87页

作者： Yao Lombo kokou Tona Bedibete Bonfoh Centre de Recherche Agronomique de la Savane SOche (CRASS) Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA) Lome BP1163 Togo Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de Production Avieoles Centre d'Excellenee Regionale des Sciences Aviaires (CERSA)Ecole Superieure d'Agronomie (ESA) Universite de Lomb Lome BP 1515 Togo.

A survey to determine the causes of mortality of guinea fowl and the technical and sanitary constraints of the traditional breeding of guinea fowl was carried out among 106 poultry farmers from the Savannah Region in North Togo. The survey also made it possible to identify the breeding constraints and the endogenous practices of rearing of the guinea fowl. The results obtained from the investigations are：（i） the high rate （69.81%） of illiterates is not conducive to the def＇mition or control of plans for prophylaxis and rationing. （ii） Breeders are unaware of disease-resistant strains of guinea fowl. （iii） Guinea fowl breeding starts with traditional methods, with 33.96% of the breeders who leave the guinea fowl in the wilderness and 13.21% who breed them in conflagration pell-mell. （iv） The formulations of food rations in order to satisfy the nutritional requirements of guinea fowl are virtually non-existent. The sources of proteins sometimes supplemented are only termites. However, food imbalance leads to growth lags. （v） Prophylaxis plans are not followed by breeders. Fifty two percent （52%） of the breeders self-medicate and other breeders （9.43%） do not treat. Several plants are used alone or in combination to control poultry diseases. （vi） biosecurity measures are non-existent in the farms （48.11% of the farmers give the dead guinea fowl to the children for consumption and 66% of the breeders throw the dead guinea fowl in the wild）. （vii） The major constraints identified in this investigation are the remoteness of the veterinary supply centers, the lack of access to quality veterinary services, the low rate of training of farmers, the inadequate support ofpastoralists livestock equipment; （viii） the problem of predators （93.40%） and the problem of access to effective veterinary products （79.25%） were noted.

关键词： Guinea fowl farming constraints "Region des Savanes" Togo.

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Comparative study on production and characterisation of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)using activated sludge fortified with crude glycerol from different biodiesel companies

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2021年第2期1卷 208-222页

作者： Bhoomika Yadav S.K.Yellapu kokou Adjalle P.Drogui R.D.Tyagi INRS Eau Terre et Environnement490rue de la CouronneQuebec CityQC G1K 9A9Canada BOSK Bioproducts Quebec CityQCCanada

Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)are eco-friendly and economical biopolymers with a significant role in pollutant removal,bio-flocculation,settling and dewatering of activated *** this study,growth profile and EPS production by an EPS-producing microbial strain(isolated from wastewater sludge or WWS)was studied using activated sludge fortified with *** study compared three crude glycerol samples as carbon sources from different biodiesel companies(BIO-LIQ,BIOCARDEL,ROTHSAY)and their effect on EPS production and characterisation was *** maximum slime EPS(S-EPS)concentration(12.34 g/L)was produced when sludge fortified with BIO-LIQ crude glycerol was used,higher than pure glycerol(10 g/L)at 72 *** S-EPS was enhanced(16 g/L)when purified BIO-LIQ glycerol(by acid treatment)was *** was also observed that S-EPS concentration increased 1.6-2.6 times by using sludge fortified with glycerol as compared to only glycerol(no sludge)as EPS production *** addition,the S-EPS produced from different glycerol samples yielded different characteristics in terms of protein-carbohydrate content,flocculation activity and *** S-EPS from purified BIO-LIQ glycerol(with sludge)gave maximum flocculation activity and dewaterability i.e.93.71%and 60.2%*** comparison between Ca(OH)2 and NaOH used as alkaline sludge pre-treatment methods revealed that the EPS produced from Ca(OH)_(2)-treated sludge fortified with glycerol solutions to be better in terms of protein content,flocculation activity and *** composition analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR)revealed the presence of distinct functional groups(carboxyl,hydroxyl,amine groups)in the produced S-EPS.

关键词： Exopolysaccharides Bacterial polymers Slime Crude glycerol Activated sludge Impurities

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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Three Methods of Protecting Guinea Fowl from Mortalities Used in Traditional Breeding in Northern Togo

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2018年第1期6卷 88-100页

作者： Lombo Yao Tona kokou Bonfoh Bedibete Centre de Recherche Agronomique de la Savane Seche (CRASS) lnstitut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (1TRA) Lome BP1163 Togo. Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de Production Avicoles Centre d'Excellence Rdgionale des Sciences Aviaires (CERSA)Ecole Superieure d'Agronomie (ESA) Universite de Lomb Lome BP 1515 Togo.

A study on the evaluation of the effectiveness of three traditional methods of protecting guinea fowl from mortality was carried out at CRA-SS （Centre de Recherche Agronomique de la Savane S6che） in northem Togo. Guinea fowl were divided into 5 batches, of which 3 batches received prophylactic medical treatment including plant decoctions, the 4th batch was followed by a medical prophylaxis program as a control group and the 5th batch considered as a negative control, has not received any prophylactic treatment. The results showed that a mortality rate of 25% for the reference lot and two other batches which received plant decoctions （Euphorbia poissonii or Khaya senegalensis） were recorded against a rate of 87.5% in the batch of guinea fowl which received the decoction of Pteleopsis suberosa. Meanwhile, regardless of weight growth, daily average gain （GMQ） or food consumption, no significant difference was observed （p 〉 0.05） between the guinea fowl that received a baseline health monitoring and those having taken the decoction orE. poissonii. On the other hand, the values recorded in these two batches of guinea fowl differed statistically from those in the guinea fowl that received the decoction of K. senegalensis. Although the decoction of K. senegalensis has a protective effect in guinea fowl, the growth of guinea fowl has been slowed down. On the basis of these results, it appears that two endogenous practices tested （K. senegalensis or E. poissonii） have positive effects. However, it would be desirable to carry out a toxicity test in order to determine the recommended doses.

关键词： Guinea fowl protection traditional methods mortality Savannah regions Togo.

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Antimicrobial,antiplasmodial,haemolytic and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from three selected Togolese medicinal plants

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第10期4卷 808-813页

作者： Simplice D Karou Tchadjobo Tchacondo Lassina Ouattara kokou Anani Aly Savadogo Amegnona Agbonon Mossaclok Ben Attaia Comlan de Souza Mohsen Sakly Jacques Simpore Centre de Recherche et de Formation sur les Plantes Medicinales(CERFOPLAM) Universite de LomeTogo Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni(CERBA/LABIOGENE) OuagadougouBurkina Faso Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles(CRSBAN)Universite de OuagadougouBurkina Faso Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement Facultes des Sciences de BizerteUniversite 7 Novembre a CarthageTunisTunisie

Objective:To investigate the antioxidant,antimicrobial,antiplasmodial,acute toxicity and haemolytic activities of methanolic extracts of three *** analysis to determine the phenolic contents was also carried ***:The 2,2-diphenyl-1- picryl-hydrazyl（DPPH） free radical scavenging,NCCLS broth microdilution and Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase（pLDH） assays were used to determine antioxidant,antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities,*** assay was conducted on A+ human red blood cells and acute toxicity on male Swiss albino *** were quantitatively determined using spectrophotometric ***:The DPPH assay yielded interesting antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Parinari curatellifolia（***） and Entada africana （***）(IC50 were 0.20±0.01μg/mL and 0.47±0.01μg/mL,respectively).This activity was highly correlated with phenolic contents of *** antimicrobial tests displayed minimal inhibitory concentrations（MICs） values ranging from 0.90 to 1.80 mg/mL for Serratia marcescens （***） the most susceptible bacterial *** value was 1.20 mg/mL for susceptible fungal strains including Mucor rouxi（***）,Fusarium oxyporum（***） and Rhizopus nigricans（***）.pLDH assay showed moderate antiplasmodial activity of Balanites aegyptiaca（***）(IC50= 24.56±3.45μg/mL),however this extract was highly haemolytic and toxic in mice(LD50= 625±128mg/kg).Conclusions:Our results support in part the use of the selected plants in the treatment of microbial *** addition the plant showed interesting antioxidant activity that could be useful in the management of oxidative stress.

关键词： Antioxidant Antimicrobial Phenolics Haemolytic

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Characteristics of Extreme Rainfall Events over Uganda during September to November Rainfall Season

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第3期12卷 131-152页

作者： Donnata Alupot Guirong Tan kokou Romaric Posset Peter Natiko Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Climate Change Department Pan African University Institute for Water and Energy Sciences (Including Climate Change) C/O Univer-sité Abou Bekr Belkaid Tlemcen Campus Chetouane Tlemcen Algeria Directorate of Weather Forecasting Uganda National Meteorological Authority Port Bell Road Kampala Uganda

Understanding the characteristics of extreme rainfall is crucial for effective flood management planning, as it enables the incorporation of insights from past extreme rainfall patterns and their spatiotemporal distribution. This work investigated the changes in the frequency and pattern of extreme rainfall over Uganda, using daily datasets sourced from Climate Hazard Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS-v2) for the period 1981 to 2022. The study utilized the extreme weather Indices provided by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). Attention was directed towards September to November (SON) rainfall season with precise analysis of four indices (Rx1day, Rx5day, R95p, and R99p). The Sequential Mann-Kendall (SQMK) non-parametric test was applied to identify abrupt changes in SON extreme rainfall trends. Results showed that October consistently recorded the highest count of extreme rainfall days across all four indices. The long-term analysis revealed fluctuations in extreme rainfall events across years, with certain periods exhibiting heightened intensity. The analysis portrayed a shift in the decadal variations and region-specific distribution of extreme rainfall, with Eastern Uganda and areas around Lake Victoria standing out compared to other regions. The findings further revealed an increase in extreme rainfall for all indices in the recent decade (2011-2022) with 2019/2020 standing out as the extreme years of SON for the study period. While trendlines suggested a slight increase in intense daily rainfall events, the SQMK tests revealed statistical significance in the trend of prolonged periods of intense daily rainfall. This study contributes to the understanding of the spatiotemporal variability and trends of extreme rainfall events over Uganda during the SON season, which is crucial for the assessment of climate change impacts and adaptation strategies. It provides valuable information for seasonal extreme rainfall forecas

关键词： CHIRPS Variability Region-Specific Early Warning Climate Change

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国际社会对多哥选举组织工作及选后危机管理的介入（1993-2005）

国际社会对多哥选举组织工作及选后危机管理的介入（1993-2005）

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作者： HOUMGBO kokou AGBANIWOUL 复旦大学

学位级别：硕士

在撒哈拉以南的非洲地区,选举被视为和平解决政治争端的重要手段,也是各政党借以追求或维系政治权力的一种手段。基于“胜选/败选”的二元对立关系,选举过程中始终存在着不同党派间的相互竞争。因此,选举可能促进和平,也可能导致暴力冲... 详细信息

在撒哈拉以南的非洲地区,选举被视为和平解决政治争端的重要手段,也是各政党借以追求或维系政治权力的一种手段。基于“胜选/败选”的二元对立关系,选举过程中始终存在着不同党派间的相互竞争。因此,选举可能促进和平,也可能导致暴力冲突。与选举进程相关的事务,直接影响国家的和平进程。选举过程中产生的不稳定因素,反过来又会破坏国家的整体和平进程,阻碍当地的经济和政治发展。自20世纪90年代“第二波民主化”进程以来,选举就成为西非国家政治生活中非常重要的一环。多哥一直致力于追求自由公平的选举,但就目前的情况来看,其国内选举仍然存在许多问题,主要表现在两个方面：第一、如何设计有效的、有影响力的、无党派偏见的选举管理机制,并确保其最终得以实现;第二、如何对国家的政治文化进行调整,使政治精英和普通大众皆能遵守选举的规则,确保选举的可信性和有效性。从以往的历史来看,尽管国际社会积极介入,但多哥的选举仍然存在许多缺陷。国际社会的职责,是在选举过程中做出积极贡献。对于国际组织(西非国家经济共同体、非盟、法语国家组织、联合国、欧盟以及美国、法国、英国、德国等)而言,如果非洲能够找到有效解决选举危机的办法,他们也能从中受益。基于这些考虑,本研究旨在分析国际政治行为体如何介入多哥的选举组织工作,以及如何处理选后的危机。通过界定选举观察与危机管理的理论框架,分析次区域机构和国际机构在多哥选举中的利益冲突,及其在选举管理中的作用;并探讨解决非洲国家选举危机的办法。

关键词：选举选举管理选举观察选举监督选举监管国际社会多哥

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FDI流入非洲发展中国家的驱动因素研究

FDI流入非洲发展中国家的驱动因素研究

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作者： Tozo kokou Wotodjo(托左) 首都经济贸易大学

学位级别：硕士

本文的主要目的是发现吸引外国投资者在非洲投资的主要因素。该研究旨在给东道国决策者制定引资政策和外国投资者了解非洲市场提供建议。对于这个问题,我们使用了15个中等收入的非洲国家(MICS)的面板数据,数据从1990年至2013年。其中净F... 详细信息

本文的主要目的是发现吸引外国投资者在非洲投资的主要因素。该研究旨在给东道国决策者制定引资政策和外国投资者了解非洲市场提供建议。对于这个问题,我们使用了15个中等收入的非洲国家(MICS)的面板数据,数据从1990年至2013年。其中净FDI(占GDP的百分比),作为因变量,市场规模,政治稳定,集聚效应,基础设施建设(移动电话用户和互联网用户每1000人)和石油输出国(虚拟)作为解释变量。本文使用STATA软件,运行了四种类型的方法的回归:混合OLS,固定效应,随机效应和FGLS。估计结果表明:市场规模的系数在所有回归结果中都是负值。开放程度,集聚效应,政治稳定和石油对外国直接投资流入的积极和高度显著的影响,同时基础设施的系数虽然是正数,但是系数较小。表明基础设施对外资的吸引力不强。因此,我们的结论是市场开放程度高、集聚效应强、政治稳定和石油国的地位都会对国外投资者产生积极的吸引作用。根据实证结果,本文建议,非洲发展中国家应该通过市场自由化和国内政治改革,为国外投资者创造一个方便和安全的环境。石油出口国应引导外资不仅进入石油工业,而且也要进入其他经济部门。同时应积极向国外投资者宣传各种政策信息,非洲将成为外国投资者最佳投资区域之一。

关键词： FDI流入开放性 STATA 可行广义最小二乘

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多哥的贸易竞争力分析

多哥的贸易竞争力分析

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作者： AGBODO,kokou SERGE 宁波大学

学位级别：硕士

本论文的研究目是分析多哥的贸易竞争力，研究的主要目标有以下三个方面。(1)探讨多哥贸易活动的发展历程，评估其最近的表现及活动。(2)通过对多哥贸易竞争力的定性和定量分析，确定在提高多哥贸易竞争力方面的挑战与困难。(3)提出改... 详细信息

本论文的研究目是分析多哥的贸易竞争力，研究的主要目标有以下三个方面。(1)探讨多哥贸易活动的发展历程，评估其最近的表现及活动。(2)通过对多哥贸易竞争力的定性和定量分析，确定在提高多哥贸易竞争力方面的挑战与困难。(3)提出改善多哥贸易环境，提升多哥贸易竞争力的政策建议。本文将运用RCA、DBI和EDI等衡量贸易竞争力的指数，对多哥的贸易竞争力进行分析。同时，运用波特和邓宁所提出的“双钻石”模型从国际和国内两个方面分析影响多哥贸易竞争力的决定因素。这些决定因素包括需求条件、公司战略和竞争、支持产业和跨国活动等四个变量。另外，把政府政策和机会作为外部影响变量进行分析。研究表明,多哥确实存在很强的发展潜力和商业资源。但不幸的是，由于缺乏高效的管理策略，这些潜力或资源并没有得到有效的开发和利用。据此，论文提出了改善多哥贸易环境，提升多哥贸易竞争力的相关政策建议。

关键词：贸易竞争力贸易竞争力指数出口多元化指数钻石模型多哥

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