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Association of smoking, alcohol drinking and dietary factors with esophageal cancer in high- and low-risk areas of jiangsu Province, China

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第11期12卷 1686-1693页

作者： Ming Wu jin-Kou Zhao Xiao-Shu Hu Pei-Hua Wang Yu Qin Yin-Chang Lu jie Yang Ai-Min Liu De-Lin Wu Zuo-Feng Zhang kok j frans Pieter van't Veer jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu ProvinceChina Dafeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention Dafeng 224100 Jiangsu Province China Ganyu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Ganyu 222100 Jiangsu Province China Department of Epidemiology UCLA School of PublicHealth Los Angeles California United States Pieter van't Veer Division of Human Nutrition Wageningen University Wageningen 6700 EV the Netherlands Supported by Jiangsu Provincial Health Department No. RC 2003090

AIM： To study the main environmental and lifestyle factors that account for the regional differences in esophageal cancer （EC） risk in low- and high-risk areas of jiangsu Province, China. METHODS： Since 2003, a population-based casecontrol study has been conducted simultaneously in lowrisk （Ganyu County） and high-risk （Dafeng County） areas of jiangsu Province, China. Using identical protocols and pre-tested standardized questionnaire, following written informed consent, eligible subjects were inquired about their detail information on potential determinants of EC, including demographic information, socio-economic status, living conditions, disease history, family cancer history, smoking, alcohol drinking, dietary habits, frequency, amount of food intake, etc. Conditional logistic regression with maximum likelihood estimation was used to obtain Odds ratio （OR） and 95 % confidence interval （95% CI）, after adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS： In the preliminary analysis of the ongoing study, we recruited 291 pairs of cases and controls in Dafeng and 240 pairs of cases and controls in Ganyu, respectively. In both low-risk and high-risk areas, EC was inversely associated with socio-economic status, such as level of education, past economic status and body mass index. However, this disease was more frequent among those who had a family history of cancer or encountered misfortune in the past 10 years. EC was also more frequent among smokers, alcohol drinkers and fast eaters. Furthermore, there was a geographic variation of the associations between smoking, alcohol drinking and EC risk despite the similar prevalence of these risk factors in both low-risk and high-risk areas. The dose-response relationship of smoking and smoking related variables, such as age of the first smoking, duration and amount were apparent only in high-risk areas. On the contrary, a dose-response relationship on the effect of alcohol drinking on EC was observed only in low-risk areas. CONCL

关键词： Esophageal cacner Case-control study Smoking Alcohol drinking Dietary factors

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Nitridation of Ni-based alloys:thermodynamics,kinetics,and deformation phenomena accompanying internal precipitation

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Rare Metals 2006年第5期25卷 501-511页

作者： Alexander A.Kodentsov jorma K.Kivilahti frans j.j.van Loo Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry Eindhoven University of TechnologyP.O.Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands Laboratory of Electronics Production Technology Helsinki University of TechnologyFIN-02150 EspooFinland

When a moderately stable phase is precipitated out during an intemal reaction, the behaviour of the penetrating atoms within the diffusion zone can be interpreted based on thermodynamic considerations. Evidence for “up-hill” diffusion of the penetrating species through the matrix towards the precipitation front during the intemal nitridation of Ni-Cr alloys at 1125℃ and 6000 bar of N2-pressure was predicted. Such behaviour of nitrogen is opposite to the boundary conditions in Wagner＇s description of internal reactions. A volume change associated with the precipitation reaction resulted in a stress gradient between the alloys surface and the intemal nitridation front. Stress relief occurred mainly by transport of nickel to the gas/metal interface. Pipe diffusion-controlled creep is the dominant stress accommodation mechanism during nitriding of dilute Ni-Cr alloys at 700℃ under a flowing NH3 ＋ H2 gas mixture.

关键词： nitridation nickel alloys thermodynamics diffusion internal precipitation

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Structural, compositional and mineralogical characterization of carbonatitic copper sulfide: Run of mine, concentrate and tailings

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International journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第2期26卷 143-151页

作者： Kolela j Nyembwe Elvis Fosso-Kankeu frans Waanders Kasongo D Nyembwe Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering Faculty of Engineering North-West University School of Mining Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of Johannesburg

The aim of this study was to determine the structural, compositional, and mineralogical composition of carbonatitic copper sulfide concentrator plant streams. Three samples, each from a different stream(run of mine(ROM), concentrate, and tailings) of a copper concentrator were characterized using various techniques, including stereomicroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), and optical microscopy. The results reveal that each stream possesses its own unique compositional features. Carbonate minerals associated with calcite and dolomite, followed by quartz, remain the major minerals in both the ROM and tails streams. In the ROM stream, chalcopyrite appears to occur as veins within the carbonatite-hosting ore body. Mineral phase mutation was discovered in the tails stream because magnetite formerly identified in the ROM as the primary iron oxide had evolved into hematite. This metamorphosis was likely promoted by the concentration process. The concentration process was effective, upgrading the chalcopyrite content from 2 wt% in the ROM stream to 58 wt% in the concentrate stream; it was accompanied by bornite(4 wt%), anilite(3 wt%), and digenite(2.5 wt%). In addition, the concentrate stream exhibited properties distinctive from those of the other streams. The FTIR analysis showed the existence of a sulfide group related to the chalcopyrite mineral. Free chalcopyrite grains were observed in the concentrate by SEM analysis, and their mineral presence was supported by the EDS analysis results. All characterization techniques corresponded well with each other regarding the structure, chemistry, and composition of the samples.

关键词： chalcopyrite mineral characterization phase mutation concentrate streams

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Design and Optimization of a GaN GIT Based PFC Boost Converter

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Chinese journal of Electrical Engineering 2017年第3期3卷 34-43页

作者： Wenbo Wang frans Pansier jelena Popovic j.A.Ferreira Delft University of Technology DelftThe Netherlands

The advent of GaN power devices brings the possibility of pushing up frequencies of power electronics system beyond the capacity of conventional Si *** harvest the high frequency operation benefits of GaN technology,not only GaN devices should be used optimally by providing proper switching and conduction conditions to best accommodate parasitic elements inherent with the devices,other components should also be capable of facilitating high frequency *** this paper,PFC boost converter is used as a platform to harvest the benefits of GaN technology and,at the same time,to uncover the limitations in pushing power electronics systems up.A 600W PFC boost converter with a maximum switching frequency of 3MHz is designed and implemented,which reached an average efficiency of 98.5%.The results indicate that,when properly used,a GaN PFC boost converter could operate at a frequency that is beyond the reach of conventional Si *** well,with availability of GaN devices,high frequency operation of power electronics systems is no longer limited by the lack of switching devices but by practical issues *** frequency magnetic materials,high frequency controllers,etc.

关键词： GaN GIT boost converter PFC high frequency design optimization

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Novel and Simple Calorimetric Methods for Quantifying Losses in Magnetic Core and GaN Transistor in a High Frequency Boost Converter

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Chinese journal of Electrical Engineering 2016年第2期2卷 68-75页

作者： Wenbo Wang frans Pansier Sjoerd de Haan j.A.Ferreira DCE&S Faculty of Electrical EngineeringMathematics and Computer ScienceDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands

In design and implementation of a boost converter,information on loss characteristics of switching devices and magnetic materials is a prerequisite,especially in high frequency *** gather such information,testing and accurate loss quantification is *** methods for measuring magnetic core loss are either only suitable for sinusoidal wave excitations or cannot separate winding loss from inductor *** addition,existing loss measurement approaches on the newly introduced GaN transistors are not *** this paper,we present a new method to distinguish winding loss from inductor loss under practical *** method utilizes a converter to generate the actual excitation waveforms and uses a calorimetric setup to quantify the *** splitting up the inductor in a converter into an air-core inductor and a magnetic-core inductor,both equipped with exactly the same winding structure,the air-core inductor loss can be used as the reference of the magnetic-core inductor winding *** this way,losses in the magnetic core can be determined in the actual operating condition of a converter in which the inductor is to be ***,a simple calorimetric approach for obtaining loss information of GaN transistors are is also *** methods require simple setup and are easy and convenient to *** methods work well in assessing different high frequency magnetic core materials and measuring losses in GaN transistors at 1MHz.

关键词： Core loss measurement practical excitation high frequency magnetic material practical excitation transistor loss measurement calorimetric method

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Evolutionary dynamics of leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinases and related genes in plants:A phylogenomic approach

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第7期56卷 648-662页

作者： Tao Shi Hongwen Huang Michael j.Sanderson frans E.Tax Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University South China Botanical Garden the Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Arizona School of Plant Sciences University of Arizona

Leucine-rich repeat （LRR） receptor-like kinases （RLKs）, evolutionarily related LRR receptor-like proteins （RLPs） and receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases （RLCKs） have important roles in plant signaling, and their gene subfamilies are large with a complicated history of gene duplication and loss. In three pairs of closely related lineages, including Arabidopsis thaliana and A. lyrata （Arabidopsis）, Lotus japonicus, and Medicago truncatula （Legumes）, Oryza sativa ssp. japonica, and O. sativa ssp. indica （Rice）, we find that LRR RLKs comprise the largest group of these LRR-related subfamilies, while the related RLCKs represent the smal est group. In addition, comparison of orthologs indicates a high frequency of reciprocal gene loss of the LRR RLK/LRR RLP/RLCK subfamilies. Furthermore, pairwise comparisons show that reciprocal gene loss is often associated with lineage-specific duplication（s） in the alternative lineage. Last, analysis of genes in A. thaliana involved in development revealed that most are highly conserved orthologs without species-specific duplication in the two Arabidopsis species and originated from older Arabidopsis-specific or rosid-specific duplications. We discuss＆amp;nbsp;potential pitfal s related to functional prediction for genes that have undergone frequent turnover （duplications, losses, and domain architecture changes）, and conclude that prediction based on phylogenetic relationships wil likely outperform that based on sequence similarity alone.

关键词： Domain architecture evolution gene duplication and loss leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases leucine-rich repeat receptor-like proteins receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases

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Reducing potassium deficiency by using sodium fertilisation

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Stress Biology 2022年第1期2卷 151-160页

作者： Sarah j.Thorne frans j.M.Maathuis Department of Biology University of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK Department of Biology University of YorkYork YO15DDUK

Potassium(K)is the most abundant cation in the vast majority of *** is required in large quantities which,in an agronomic context,typically necessitates application of K in the form of potash or other K ***,the price of K fertiliser has risen dramatically,a situation that is paralleled by increasing K deficiency of soils around the globe.A potential solution to this problem is to reduce crop K fertiliser dependency by replacing it with sodium(Na)fertiliser which carries a much smaller price *** this paper we discuss the physiological roles of K and Na and the implications of Na fertilisation for crop cultivation and soil *** using greenhouse growth assays we show distinct growth promotion after Na fertilisation in wheat,tomato,oilseed and *** results also show that up to 60%of tissue K can be substituted by Na without growth *** on these data,simple economic models suggest that(part)replacement of K fertiliser with Na fertiliser leads to considerable savings.

关键词： Deficiency Fertiliser Nutrient Potassium Salinity Sodium

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal impacts on competitive interactions between Acacia etbaica and Boswellia papyrifera seedlings under drought stress

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journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第3期7卷 298-308页

作者： Emiru Birhane Frank j.Sterck frans Bongers Thomas W.Kuyper Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen UniversityPO Box 476700 AAWageningenThe Netherlands Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle UniversityPO Box 231MekelleEthiopia Department of Soil Quality Wageningen UniversityPO Box 476700 AA WageningenThe Netherlands

Aims Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can have a substantial effect on the water and nutrient uptake by plants and the competition between plants in harsh environments where resource availability comes in *** this study we focus on interspecific competition between Acaia etbaica and Boswellia papyrifera that have distinctive resource acquisition *** compared the extent of interspecific competition with that of intraspecific *** In a greenhouse study we examined the influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza(AM)and pulsed water availability on competitive interactions between seedlings of the rapidly growing species *** and the slowly growing species ***.A factorial experimental design was *** factors were AM,two water levels and five species combinations Important Findings Seedlings of both species benefitted from AM when grown alone,and the positive growth response to pulsed water availability in *** seedlings was in contrast with the negative growth response for *** *** also affected the competitive performance of both *** was not affected by intraspecific competition,whereas *** was negatively affected compared to the seedlings grown *** effect was stronger in the presence of *** interspecific competition,*** outcompeted *** and pulsed water availability did not affect the outcome of interspecific competition,and the aggressivity index of *** remained *** extent to which AM influences plant competition in a droughtstressed environment may depend on belowground functional traits of the *** and pulsed water availability could modify the balance between intraspecific and interspecific *** affecting the balance between intraspecific and interspecific competition,both factors could impact the establishment and survival of seedlings.

关键词： competition relative yield conservative acquisitive functional traits

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Long Term Salinity Stress Reveals Variety Specific Differences in Root Oxidative Stress Response

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Rice science 2012年第1期19卷 36-43页

作者： Prasad SENADHEERA Shamala TIRIMANNE frans j M MAATHUIS Department of Botany the Open University of Sri LankaNugegodaSri Lanka Department of Plant Sciences University of ColomboColomboSri Lanka Biology Department Area 9University of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK

Salinity stress induces oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species （ROS）： superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） and hydroxyl radicals. Activities of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the antioxidant system and related growth parameters were studied in the roots of the salt tolerant rice variety FL478 and the sensitive variety IR29 in response to long term stress （12 d）induced by 50 mmol/L NaCI. The comparative study showed that FL478 maintained higher relative growth rate and lower Na＋/K＋ in the roots than IR29 due to a higher membrane stability index that effectively exclude Na＋. Lower TBARS （thiobarbituric acid reactive substance） content in FL478 roots indicated that its membrane was relatively unaffected by ROS despite high H2O2 content recorded under the salinity stress. Relatively higher superoxide dismutase activity along with a parallel increase in transcript level of superoxide dismutase （Os07g46990） in FL478 indicated that this protein might make a vital contribution to salt stress tolerance. Although the content of ascorbic acid remained unchanged in FL478, the activity of ascorbic peroxidases （APOXs） was reduced comparably in the both varieties. Transcriptomic data showed that a larger number of peroxidase genes were upregulated in FL478 compared to IR29 and several of which might provide engineering targets to improve rice salt tolerance.

关键词： root membrane stability salinity stress transcriptome superoxide dismutate ascorbic peroxidase rice

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Report on Childhood Obesity in China (5) Body Weight, Body Dissatisfaction, and Depression Symptoms of Chinese Children Aged 9-10 Years

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2007年第1期20卷 11-18页

作者： YAN-PING LI GUAN-SHENG MA EVERT G. SCHOUTEN XIAO-QI HU ZHAO-HUI CUI DONG WANG frans j. kok National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 29 Nanwei Road Beijing 100050 China Division of Human Nutrition Wageningen University The Netherlands

Objective To investigate the relationship between body weight, body dissatisfaction and depression symptoms among Chinese children. Methods The fasting body weight and height of the third and fourth grade students （n=3886, aged 9 or 10 years） from 20 schools in Beijing, China, were measured, and the students were asked to choose the figures of body image and to complete the self-reported children＇s depression inventory （CDI） questionnaire. Results The CDI Cronbach＇s alpha was 0.81. The total CDI score was 9.60±7.50, 13.2% of children （boys 16.7% vs girls 9.5%） were at risk of developing depression symptoms. Overweight girls, but not boys, had significantly higher total CDI score than their normal weight counteparts. Both obese girls and boys showed a higher negative self-esteem score. More than one fifth underweight girls still wanted to be thinner while more than one third obese boys still wanted to be heavier. Children who wanted to be thinner showed slightly higher scores of ineffectiveness and negative self-esteem. After introducing the body dissatisfaction into the model, overweight was still associated with total CDI score among girls and obesity was still associated with negative self-esteem among both boys and girls. Conclusion Overweight girls show a significantly higher depression symptom score than their normal weight counterparts, which maybe partially explained by body dissatisfaction. Obese boys and girls are both more likely to suffer from low self-esteem, which is partially explained by body dissatisfaction.

关键词： Depression symptoms Body dissatisfaction Overweight Children

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