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Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining “biofilm”,“acute vs. chronic osteomyelitis”, “the immune proteome” and “local antibiotic therapy”

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Bone Research 2019年第3期7卷 225-242页

作者： Elysia A. Masters Ryan P. Trombetta Karen L. de Mesy Bentley Brendan F Boyce Ann Lindley Gill Steven R. Gill kohei nishitani Masahiro Ishikawa Yugo Morita Hiromu Ito Sheila N. Bello-Irizarry Mark Ninomiya James D. Brodell Jr. Charles C. Lee Stephanie P. Hao Irvin Oh Chao Xie Hani A. Awad John L. Daiss John R. Owen Stephen L. Kates Edward M. Schwarz Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Orthopaedics University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center Richmond VA USA

Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection of bone. While the frequency of infection following elective orthopedic surgery is low, rates of reinfection are disturbingly high. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the majority of chronic osteomyelitis cases and is often considered to be incurable due to bacterial persistence deep within bone. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on clinical classifications of osteomyelitis and the ensuing treatment algorithm. Given the high patient morbidity,mortality, and economic burden caused by osteomyelitis, it is important to elucidate mechanisms of bone infection to inform novel strategies for prevention and curative treatment. Recent discoveries in this field have identified three distinct reservoirs of bacterial biofilm including: Staphylococcal abscess communities in the local soft tissue and bone marrow, glycocalyx formation on implant hardware and necrotic tissue, and colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network(OLCN) of cortical bone. In contrast, *** intracellular persistence in bone cells has not been substantiated in vivo, which challenges this mode of chronic osteomyelitis. There have also been major advances in our understanding of the immune proteome against S. aureus, from clinical studies of serum antibodies and media enriched for newly synthesized antibodies(MENSA), which may provide new opportunities for osteomyelitis diagnosis, prognosis, and vaccine development. Finally, novel therapies such as antimicrobial implant coatings and antibiotic impregnated 3D-printed scaffolds represent promising strategies for preventing and managing this devastating disease. Here, we review these recent advances and highlight translational opportunities towards a cure.

关键词： disease caused by soft tissue necrotic tissuel

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Coordination of Legal Systems by the Recognition of Foreign Judgments-Rethinking Reciprocity in Sino-Japanese Relationships

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2019年第2期14卷 193-230页

作者： Yuko nishitani School of Law Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany International Private and Business Law Graduate School of LawKyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan

In the era of globalization,commercial transactions readily gain international dimensions and are increasingly *** a view to establishing effective dispute resolution mechanisms,it is desirable that judgments rendered in one state be recognized and enforced in other *** is especially important in East Asia,as cross-border business activities are rapidly expanding along with its economic *** paper aims to examine the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters in East Asia with a focus on Sino-Japanese relationships,where the establishment of a reciprocal relationship has posed a considerable *** is worth considering how we can gradually pave the way towards the mutual recognition and enforcement of judgments to achieve coordination among legal systems.

关键词： recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments reciprocity East Asia China Korea Japan

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Effects of gamma-ray irradiation on electronic and non-electronic equipment of Large Helical Device

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Plasma Science and Technology 2017年第2期19卷 95-100页

作者： K OGAWA T nishitani M ISOBE M SATO M YOKOTA H HAYASHI T KOBUCHI T NISHIMURA National Institute for Fusion Science National Institutes of Natural Sciences322-6 0roshi-choToki 509-5292Japan SOKENDAI(The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) School of Physical Sciences322-6 Oroshi-choTold 509-5292Japan

In a deuterium operation on the Large Helical Device, the measurement and control equipment placed in the toms hall must survive under an environment of radiation, To study the effects of gamma-ray irradiation on the equipment, an irradiation experiment is performed at the Cobalt-60 irradiation facility of Nagoya University. Transient and permanent effects on a personal computer, media converters, programmable logic controllers, isolation amplifiers, a web camera, optical flow meters, and water sealing gaskets are experimentally surveyed. Transient noise appears on the web camera. Offset of the signal increases with an increase of the integrated dose on the programmable logic controller. The DeviceNet module on the programmable logic controller is broken at the integrated dose of 72 Gy, which is the expected range of the integrated dose of the toms hall. The other equipment can survive under the gamma-ray field in the toms hall.

关键词： large helical device gamma-ray irradiation radiation effect

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Study of ionospheric disturbances during solar flare events using the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar

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Advances in Polar Science 2013年第1期24卷 12-18页

作者： Daiki Watanabe Nozomu nishitani Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory Nagoya University

It is well known that many types of ionospheric disturbances occur during solar flare events. The sudden increase in total electron content （SITEC） has been studied for several decades, but total electron content （TEC） data do not provide information on the altitudinal distribution of electron density changes. Previous studies used HF Doppler system data to investigate the contributions of the D-region and F-region ionospheric electron density changes by examining the HF radio wave frequency dependence on the Doppler shift values. In this study we examined the dependence of the elevation angle of the Doppler shift of ground scatter echoes using the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar. We analyzed solar flare events from Dec 2006 to Mar 2012. A sudden fade-out of echoes was observed in almost all the events we analyzed, which was the result of the radio absorption associated with a significant increase in electron density within the D-region ionosphere. In addition, we discovered positive Doppler shifts just before the sudden fade-out of echoes. The Doppler shift is negatively correlated with the elevation angle of received radar waves. It indicates that variation of electron density in the D-region ionosphere is dominant during solar flare events. This result is consistent with a previous study. We also compared the irradiation by X-ray and extreme ultra violet rays observed by the GOES-14 and GOES-15 satellites, which generated Doppler shifts. A positive Doppler shift is consistent with a change of X-ray

关键词： solar flare SuperDARN Hokkaido radar Doppler shift D-region F-region GOES satellite

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Tracing founder haplotypes of Japanese apple varieties: application in genomic prediction and genome-wide association study

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 614-627页

作者： Mai FMinamikawa Miyuki Kunihisa Koji Noshita Shigeki Moriya Kazuyuki Abe Takeshi Hayashi Yuichi Katayose Toshimi Matsumoto Chikako nishitani Shingo Terakami Toshiya Yamamoto Hiroyoshi Iwata Laboratory of Biometry and Bioinformatics Department of Agricultural and Environmental BiologyGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of Tokyo1-1-1 YayoiBunkyoTokyo 113-8657Japan Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science National Agriculture and Food Research Organization(NARO)2-1 FujimotoTsukubaIbaraki 305-8605Japan Division of Apple Research Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea ScienceNARO92-24 Shimokuriyagawa NabeyashikiMoriokaIwate 020-0123Japan Institute of Crop Science NARO2-1-2 KannondaiTsukubaIbaraki 305-8518Japan Institute of Agrobiological Sciences NARO1-2 OwashiTsukubaIbaraki 305-8634Japan

Haplotypes provide useful information for genomics-based approaches,genomic prediction,and genome-wide association *** a small number of superior founders have contributed largely to the breeding history of fruit trees,the information of founder haplotypes may be relevant for performing the genomics-based approaches in these *** this study,we proposed a method to estimate 14 haplotypes from 7 founders and automatically trace the haplotypes forward to apple parental(185 varieties)and breeding(659 F 1 individuals from 16 full-sib families)populations based on 11,786 single-nucleotide polymorphisms,by combining multiple ***,92%of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms information in the parental and breeding populations was characterized by the 14 founder *** use of founder haplotype information improved the accuracy of genomic prediction in 7 traits and the resolution of genome-wide association study in 13 out of 27 fruit quality traits analyzed in this *** also visualized the significant propagation of the founder haplotype with the largest genetic effect in genome-wide association study over the pedigree tree of the parental *** results suggest that the information of founder haplotypes can be useful for not only genetic improvement of fruit quality traits in apples but also for understanding the selection history of founder haplotypes in the breeding program of Japanese apple varieties.

关键词： breeding varieties prediction

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Northward-propagating nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances observed with SuperDARN Hokkaido HF radar and GEONET

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Advances in Polar Science 2013年第1期24卷 42-49页

作者： Akimitsu Ichihara Nozomu nishitani Tadahiko Ogawa Takuya Tsugawa Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory Nagoya University National Institute of Information and Communications Technology

We report on the characteristics of nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances （MSTIDs） propagating northward observed with the SuperDARN Hokkaido HF radar, which has a field of view to the north of Japan, and occasionally with the GNSS Earth Observation NETwork （GEONET）, which provides total electron content （TEC） data over Japan. From statis- tical analysis of MSTIDs observed with the Hokkaido radar during nighttime （1700-0700 LT） from January 2007 to July 2009, we find that these MSTIDs traveling northward, although rare in comparison with those traveling southwestward, have a relatively high occurrence rate after sunset and around midnight in May and August, which is partly consistent with the occurrence rate of MSTIDs over Japan observed with GEONET in 2002, when the MSTID event database is available. We also use the data from simultaneous observation of nightside MSTIDs by the Hokkaido radar and GEONET to find that when the HF radar observed northward-propagating MSTIDs, GEONET did not always observe such MSTIDs with the same propagation direction. Judging from this result and considering the HF radar field of view located to the north of the GEONET coverage area, we speculate that some physical parameters of the ionosphere/thermosphere over Japan differ from those to the north of Japan, which may result in the inconsistency of MSTID propagation direction. The present results provide new knowledge of MSTIDs propagating northward using the Hokkaido radar, whose field of view was not covered by GEONET.

关键词： SuperDARN Hokkaido radar GEONET MSTID

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Feeding and Growth Characteristics of a Diatom-Feeding Flagellate Isolated from the Bottom Sediment of Onagawa Bay, Northeastern Japan

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2013年第2期3卷 9-14页

作者： Hiromasa Ohno Yoshinari Endo Waka Sato-Okoshi Goh nishitani Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Sendai Japan

In recent years, several marine heterotrophic nanoflagellates have been reported to feed on diatoms much larger than themselves. However, very little is known about the grazer-prey relationships between heterotrophic nanoflagellates and diatoms in aquatic ecosystems. A diatom-feeding flagellate was discovered in the bottom sediment of OnagawaBay. It fed and proliferated on diatoms, especially Skeletonema costatum sensu lato. This study determined growth and ingestion rates of the flagellate on Skeletonema costatum s.l. under laboratory conditons. Its grazing pressure on the sinking flux of S. costatum s.l. was calculated by combining field data. Specific growth rate of the flagellate increased with increasing prey concentration. The maximum specific growth rate was 0.79 d–1 and maximum ingestion rate of the flagellate was 0.66 ng·C·grazer–1·d–1. Calculated grazing pressure of the flagellate on S. costatum s.l. flux was up to 25.6%. The results imply that the flagellate has a considerable grazing impact on S. costatum s.l. flux at least in a restricted season of the year. Therefore, the present study suggests that this benthic flagellate plays an important role in pelagic-benthic coupling inOnagawaBay.

关键词： Diatom-Feeding Heterotrophic Nanoflagellate Growth Grazing Impact Pelagic-Benthic Coupling

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Influence of Leakage from Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Mask on FiO<sub>2</sub>Value Delivered by Home Oxygen Therapy Concentrator: A Bench Study on Simulating Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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Health 2018年第7期10卷 919-927页

作者： Kazuto Doi Mitsuhiro nishitani Mayumi Doi Yukoh Yaegashi Masaru Ando Junichi Kadota Department of Pathophysiology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan Department of Medical Engineering Faculty of Allied Health Sciences University of East Asia Yamaguchi Japan Daimon Clinic for Internal Medicine Nephrology and Dialysis Ishikawa Japan Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan Department of Medical Engineering Faculty of Health Sciences Junshin Gakuen University Fukuoka Japan Department of Respiratory Medicine & Infectious Diseases Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan

Introduction: During the application of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) therapy in home mechanical ventilation (HMV), leaks in the NPPV mask may occur owing to the position of the mask due to conditions such as skin disorders. Methods: To investigate whether such a leak affects FiO2 supplied to the alveoli, we simulated a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder during NPPV in HMV. In addition, FiO2 was measured in the portion assumed to be the mouth and lungs while setting the flow of the oxygen concentrator and leak amount based on a previous study. Results: FiO2 supplied to the lungs increased statistically significantly upon increasing the amount of leak (P Conclusions: We observed that FiO2 supplied to alveoli can be reduced by a leak in the NPPV mask. Because our results differ from those previously reported, we believe that further studies should reassess the selection of respirators and oxygen concentrators.

关键词： Mask Oxygen Ventilation Positive-Pressure Ventilation Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder

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Simulation of the Interphase of Insert Injection Moldings

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纤维复合材料 2019年第2期36卷 10-14页

作者： Keigo nishitani Badin Pinpathomrat Narongchai O-Charoen Yuqiu Yang Hiroyuki Hamada Department of Advanced Fibro-Science Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi Klong 6 Thanyaburi Pathumthani 12110 Thailand Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology Ministry of Education College of Textiles Donghua University Shanghai 201620 PR China

In this work, the generalizing of the finite element method (FEM) of thermoplastic prepreg insert injection molding composites was investigated. The specimens were prepared using glass fiber/polyamidc 6 (GF/PA6) inserted prepreg, and their characteristics were investigated and compared under ANSYS workbench program. The prediction of the bending initial fracture point under analytical tensile testing with interlayer on prepreg insert moldings was focused. It was found that the bending initial fracture point was applied to predict by matching the shear stress. There was obtained from analytical tensile testing and bending analysis. Therefore, it can be obtained the optimum of the clastic modulus ratio on the injection part/interlayer/insert part by using FEM via ANSYS workbench.

关键词： Simulation Insert Injection Moldings

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Relationship between the Initial Fracture Stress and Fatigue Limit—Simple Prediction Method of Tensile Fatigue Limit of Composite

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Open Journal of Composite Materials 2019年第4期9卷 338-354页

作者： Y. Imai K. nishitani G. Fortin A. Ohtani H. Hamada Department of Advanced Fibro-Science Kyoto Institute of Technology Kyoto Japan

This article presents an experimental study that clarifies the relationship between the initial fracture stress and fatigue limit of glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester resin specimens with a laminated structure taken from a pultruded square pipe. Quasi-static bending and tension tests are performed with acoustic emission (AE) measurements to identifying the occurrence of initial fracture during testing. AE and observation results have clarified the occurrence of initial fracture was detected by maximum acoustic energy values and corresponding fiber breakage in the unidirectional (UD) bundles. Moreover, the ratio of initial fracture stress to ultimate strength is 32% in bending and 26% in tension, when comparing stress and strains on the tension side of the UD layer. These values are in good agreement with each other and with the measured tensile fatigue limit when the cyclic stress is at 25% of the tensile strength. Initial fracture stress obtained by static tests is close values to the fatigue limit which will greatly contribute to the prediction of the fatigue limit.

关键词： Initial Fracture Fatigue Limit Acoustic Emission Testing Tensile Testing Bending Testing

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