检索结果-南通市图书馆

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

中国地级及以上城市碳排放达峰及驱动力分析

Science Bulletin 2022年第18期67卷 1910-1920,M0004页

作者：单钰理关玉儒杭叶郑赫然李彦显关大博李佳硕周雅李莉 klaus hubacek School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK Integrated Research on Energy Environment and SocietyEnergy and Sustainability Research Institute GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningen 9747 AGNetherlands College of Economics and Management&Research Centre for Soft Energy Science Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK Industrial Ecology Programme Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim 7491Norway Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Blue and Green Development Shandong UniversityWeihai 264209China Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development Ministry of EducationSchool of EcologyEnvironment and ResourcesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China School of Economics and Management China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China School of Economics and Management China University of Geosciences

中国在推进全球气候变化减缓中扮演着重要的角色.以城市为单位的碳排放趋势和达峰模式研究可为中国碳排放达峰目标的兑现与低碳转型路线的落地提供支撑.本研究编制了中国287个地级及以上城市2001~2019年二氧化碳排放清单,涵盖47个社会... 详细信息

中国在推进全球气候变化减缓中扮演着重要的角色.以城市为单位的碳排放趋势和达峰模式研究可为中国碳排放达峰目标的兑现与低碳转型路线的落地提供支撑.本研究编制了中国287个地级及以上城市2001~2019年二氧化碳排放清单,涵盖47个社会经济部门、17种化石燃料燃烧和水泥生产过程相关排放,并探究了各城市的碳排放达峰状态及其驱动力.结果表明,截至2019年,全国共有59个地级及以上城市出现了碳排放的持续下降,其中38个城市为主动达峰型,21个城市则是被动下降型.38个主动达峰城市碳减排的主要驱动力为能源效率提高和能源结构调整,而21个被动下降城市的碳减排在一定程度上是由经济衰退或人口流失所导致的.未来,排放被动下降城市应抓住低碳目标带来的产业创新和绿色投资机遇,瞄准经济复苏和碳减排目标,实现排放与经济发展的强脱钩;主动达峰城市则应进一步探寻碳排放下降趋势的长久维持策略,为未达峰城市提供成功经验.

关键词：投资机遇产业创新水泥生产过程经济衰退能源结构调整碳排放达峰能源效率碳减排

Environmental taxation and regional inequality in China

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science Bulletin 2019年第22期64卷 1691-1699页

作者： Jingxu Wang Jintai Lin Kuishuang Feng Peng Liu Mingxi Du Ruijing Ni Lulu Chen Hao Kong Hongjian Weng Mengyao Liu Giovanni Baiocchi Yu Zhao Zhifu Mi Jing Cao klaus hubacek Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of Physics.Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA School of the Environment Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210046China The Bartlett School of Construction and Project Management University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HBUK School of Economics and Management Hang Lung Center for Real EstateTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences(IVEM) Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen(ESRIG)University of GroningenGroningen 9747 AGthe Netherlands International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Schlossplatz 1A-2361 LaxenburgAustria Department of Environmental Studies Masaryk UniversityJoStova 1060200 BrnoCzech Republic

In order to combat environmental pollution, China enacted the Environmental Protection Tax Law in early 2018. Yet the impacts of the environmental tax on individual regions with different socioeconomic statuses, which are crucial for social justice and public acceptance, remain unclear. Based on a MultiRegional Input-Output(MRIO) table and a nationally regulated tax payment calculation method, this study analyzes the distributional impacts of an environmental tax based upon province’s consumption from both inter-provincial and rural-urban aspects. The national tax revenue based on the current levy mechanism is estimated to be only one seventh of the economic loss from premature mortality caused by ambient particulate matter(PM2.5). The taxation may slightly alleviate urban-rural inequality but may not be helpful with reducing inter-provincial inequality. We further analyze two alternative levy mechanisms. If each province imposes taxes to products it consumes(rather than produces, as in the current mechanism), with the tax rate linearly dependent on its per capita consumption expenditure, this would moderately increase the national tax revenue and significantly reduce inter-provincial inequality.To better compensate for the economic costs of air pollution and reduce regional inequality, it would be beneficial to increase the tax rate nationwide and implement a levy mechanism based on provincially differentiated levels of consumption and economic status.

关键词： Environmental taxation Inequality China Input-output analysis Levy mechanisms Air pollution

Priority areas at the frontiers of ecology and energy

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2018年第10期4卷 2-5页

作者： S.K.Chou Robert Costanza Philip Earis klaus hubacek B.Larry Li Yonglong Lu Roland Span Hao Wang Jianping Wu Yegang Wu Jerry J.Yan Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Crawford School of Public Policy The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia Joule Publication Department CellPressCambridgeMAUSA Geography Department University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Thermodynamics Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringRuhr University BochumBochumGermany Joule Publication Department China Institute of Hydraulic and Hydropower ResearchBeijingChina School of Civil Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Joule Publication Department Beijing Bold Institute of Eco-City Planning&DesignBeijingChina Joule Publication Department Royal Institute of Technology(KTH)StockholmSweden

The complexity of economic development and humanitarian crisesmeans that energy science and technology should be involved in actions that address almost everymajor challenges of ecosystem health and sustainability.Energy is the engine of the world economy and the key to ecosystems’functioning,which also has a great impact on global warming.The energy crisis,environmental pollution,overuse of natural resources,water supply shortages,global climate disruption,and deteriorating ecosystems are major challenges to address in order to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).In light of the frontiers in energy sciences and disruptive innovation in eco-tech,we recognize the need to review and establish working mechanisms that identify and examine issues that are critical to future sustainable development,to offer advice to decision-makers in different social sectors(public and private),to secure a shared future for mankind,and to achieve shared prosperity and common interests through international communications and collaborations.

关键词： Energy ecology sustainability United Nations Goals

Modeling sustainability:population,inequality,consumption,and bidirectional coupling of the Earth and Human Systems

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

National Science Review 2016年第4期3卷 470-494页

作者： Safa Motesharrei Jorge Rivas Eugenia Kalnay Ghassem R.Asrar Antonio J.Busalacchi Robert F.Cahalan Mark A.Cane Rita R.Colwell Kuishuang Feng Rachel S.Franklin klaus hubacek Fernando Miralles-Wilhelm Takemasa Miyoshi Matthias Ruth Roald Sagdeev Adel Shirmohammadi Jagadish Shukla Jelena Srebric Victor M.Yakovenko Ning Zeng School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs and Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNortheastern University 11. Department of AtmosphericOceanicand Earth SciencesGeorge Mason University University of Maryland College Park Institute for Global Environment and Society 3. Joint Global Change Research Institute College Park 4. University Corporation for Atmospheric Research 5. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University 8. Spatial Structures in the Social Sciences/Population Studies and Training Center Brown University RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science

Over the last two centuries,the impact of the Human System has grown dramatically,becoming strongly dominant within the Earth System in many diferent ways.Consumption,inequality,and population have increased extremely fast,especially since about 1950,threatening to overwhelm the many critical functions and ecosystems of the Earth System.Changes in the Earth System,in turn,have important feedback efects on the Human System,with costly and potentially serious consequences.However,current models do not incorporate these critical feedbacks.We argue that in order to understand the dynamics of either system,Earth System Models must be coupled with Human System Models through bidirectional couplings representing the positive,negative,and delayed feedbacks that exist in the real systems.In particular,key Human System variables,such as demographics,inequality,economic growth,and migration,are not coupled with the Earth System but are instead driven by exogenous estimates,such as United Nations population projections.his makes current models likely to miss important feedbacks in the real Earth–Human system,especially those that may result in unexpected or counterintuitive outcomes,and thus requiring diferent policy interventions from current models.he importance and imminence of sustainability challenges,the dominant role of the Human System in the Earth System,and the essential roles the Earth System plays for the Human System,all call for collaboration of natural scientists,social scientists,and engineers in multidisciplinary research and modeling to develop coupled Earth–Human system models for devising efective science-based policies and measures to beneit current and future generations.

关键词： Earth and Human System Models population migration inequality data assimilation bidirectional couplings and feedbacks sustainability

Testing and modelling of transient adhesion phenomena in rolling-sliding contacts

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Friction 2024年第5期12卷 1016-1027页

作者： Daniel KVARDA Alexander MEIERHOFER klaus SIX Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of TechnologyBrno61669Czech Republic Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH Graz8010Austria

Transient adhesion effects in rolling–sliding contacts influence all aspects of train–track interaction.This is of high importance specifically when these effects result in critically low adhesion,which poses a risk to traction and braking of railway vehicles.This study presents a model that can replicate the transient changes of the coefficient of adhesion with tested water and solid particle mix.The experimental data for the model are measured using a commercial ball-on-disc tribometer.The experimental results showed a liquid reservoir in front of the contact area that slowly reduces in size.This observation was used in the modelling approach to divide the calculation into two stages where the reservoir is present and when it disappears.The model was able to reproduce the occurrence of low adhesion region seen in experimental results with different particle concentrations.

关键词： coefficient of adhesion tribology transient effects wheel-rail contact

Learning about good nutrition with the 5-color front-of-package label"Nutri-Score":an experimental study

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1195-1200页

作者： Robin C.Hau klaus W.Lange University of Applied Sciences Landshut Landshut 84036Germany Faculty of Human Sciences University of RegensburgRegensburg 93040Germany

The Nutri-Score is a 5-color front-of-pack nutrition label designed to provide consumers with an easily understandable guideline to the healthiness of food products.The impact that the Nutri-Score may have on consumers'choices is unclear since different experimental paradigms have found vastly different effect sizes.In the present study,we have investigated how student participants change a hypothetical personal 1-daydietary plan after a learning phase during which they learn about the Nutri-Scores of the available food items.Participants were instructed to compose a healthy diet plan in order that the question of whether the NutriScore would improve their ability to compose a healthy dietary plan could be investigated,independent of the question of whether they would apply this knowledge in their ordinary lives.We found a substantial(Cohen's d=0.86)positive impact on nutritional quality(as measured by the Nutrient Profiling System score of the Food Standards Agency)and a medium-sized(Cohen's d=0.43)reduction of energy content.Energy content reduction was larger for participants who had initially composed plans with higher energy content.The results suggest that the Nutri-Score has the potential to guide consumers to healthier food choices.It remains unclear,however,whether this potential will be reflected in real-life dietary choices.

关键词： Nutri-Score Front-of-package label Nudge Nutrition Health

Dieback of managed spruce stands in western Germany promotes beetle diversity

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 55-71页

作者： Eva Plath Chantal Trauth Jan Gerhards Laura Griebel klaus Fischer Department Biology Institute of Integrated Natural SciencesKoblenz-Landau University56070 KoblenzGermany

Biodiversity loss is a significant problem at a global scale and may be amplified by climate change.In recent years,coniferous forests have had substantial die-back across Europe due to drought and subsequent bark-beetle outbreaks.As many studies on the consequences of disturbance and subsequent management have focused on natural stands,management implications for managed spruce stands are not well understood,even though such stands are widespread throughout Europe.In this study,beetle taxonomy,conservation value,and community com-position are compared among spruce plantations and four post-disturbance management approaches:standing dead-wood,lying deadwood,clear cuts,and long-term succession.Diversity and community composition differed significantly among management categories,while different beetle fami-lies responded similarly.Intact spruce stands harbored the lowest beetle diversity while the highest taxonomic diver-sity and conservation value was on clear cuts and stands with lying or standing deadwood.The proportion of forest specialists was highest in successional forests.In summary,different forest management categories harbored distinct beetle communities at the family-,species-,and ecological guild levels.Therefore,post-disturbance management should consider the landscape scale and include different management types.This enhances landscape heterogeneity and thus overall biodiversity but could also mitigate negative impacts of natural disturbances on ecosystem services.

关键词： Bark-beetle outbreak Forest dieback Spruce Deadwood Nature conservation Beetle biodiversity-Coleoptera Coniferous forests

Book review “Wattles: Australian Acacia species around the world” by David M. Richardson, Johannes J. Le Roux and Elizabete Marchante

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Forest Ecosystems 2024年第2期11卷 140-141页

作者： klaus von Gadow Faculty of Forestry and Forest Ecology Georg-August-University GöttingenBüsgenweg 5D-37077GöttingenGermany Department of Forestry and Wood Science Faculty of AgriSciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch Private Bag X1Stellenbosch7602South Africa

In a world of Google and AI, developing an encyclopedic coverage of a theme that is of great interest to biologists, social scientists, politicians and environmental managers, is a daunting challenge. Wattles is a book that presents new knowledge, makes interesting reading, and has the potential to stimulate research in a variety of disciplines. We learn that Acacia, commonly known as the wattles or acacias, is a genus of shrubs and trees comprising 1,083 species of which 417 are known to have been introduced to areas outside their native range. We are surprised to read that Australian acacias are found almost everywhere, in virtually all terrestrial habitats, including woodlands, grasslands, alpine settings,rainforests, coastal dunes and deserts, causing major environmental and socio-economic changes in the invaded regions. Until recently, Acacia comprised a group of plant species native to Africa, South America and Australasia, but the name is now reserved for species predominantly from Australia, including some from Southeast Asia. The genus name Acacia is Neo-Latin, and refers to a preparation extracted from the leaves and fruit pods of Vachellia nilotica, the original type of the genus.

关键词： Richardson outside Latin

Food intolerance and the few-foods(or oligoantigenic)diet in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 1729-1738页

作者： klaus W.Lange Andreas Reissmann Yukiko Nakamura Katharina M.Lange Faculty of Human Sciences University of RegensburgRegensburg 93040Germany Department of Psychology University of BathBath BA27AYUnited Kingdom

The hypothesis that some children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)may show sensitivity or allergic reactions to various food items has led to the development of the the few-foods(or oligoantigenic)diet.The rationale of the diet is to eliminate certain foods from the diet in order to exclude potential allergens contained either naturally in food or in artificial ingredients with allergenic properties.The oligoantigenic diet attempts to identify individual foods to which a person might be sensitive.First,ADHD symptoms are monitored while multiple foods are excluded from the diet.Subsequently,if symptoms remit,foods are re-introduced,while observing the individual for the return of symptoms.An advantage of the oligoantigenic diet is that it can be tailored to the individual.A growing body of evidence suggests that behavioral symptoms of subgroups of children with ADHD may benefit from the elimination of certain foods.The effect sizes of an oligoantigenic diet regarding improvement of ADHD symptoms have been found to be medium to large.Available evidence suggests that the investigation of the role of food hypersensitivities in ADHD is a promising avenue worthy of further exploration.Further large-scale,randomized controlled studies including assessment of long-term outcome are therefore warranted.

关键词： Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Food intolerance Few-foods diet Etiology Treatment