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Inbreeding and genetic load in a pair of sibling grouse species:Tetrastes sewersowi and ***

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 265-270页

作者： Kai Song Tom van der Valk Bin Gao Peter halvarsson Yun Fang Wendong Xie Siegfried klaus Zhiming han Yue-hua Sun Jacob hoglund Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityNorbyvagen 18DUppsala75236Sweden Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Uppsala75273Sweden Unit of Parasitology Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public HealthSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesPO Box 7036Uppsala75007Sweden Lindenhohe 5 JenaD-07749Germany The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

Genetic load and inbreeding are recognized as important factors to be considered in conservation *** levels of both can increase the risk of population extinction by negatively impacting fitness-related characters in many species of plants and animals,including humans(inbreeding depression).Genomic tech-niques are increasingly used in measuring and understanding genetic load and inbreeding and their importance in evolution and *** used whole genome resequencing data from two sibling grouse species in subarctic Eurasia to quantify *** found a large range of inbreeding measured as FROh(fraction of runs of homozygosity)in individuals from different populations of Chinese Grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi)and hazel Grouse(***).FROh estimated from genome-wide runs of homozygosity(ROh)ranged from 0.02 to 0.24 among Chinese Grouse populations and from 0.01 to 0.44 in hazel *** from a population of Chinese Grouse residing in the Qilian mountains and from the European populations of hazel Grouse(including samples from Sweden,Germany and Northeast Poland)were the most inbred(FROh ranged from 0.10 to 0.23 and 0.11 to 0.44,respectively).These levels are comparable to other highly inbred populations of *** Grouse from northern China and Chinese Grouse residing in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau showed relatively lower inbreeding *** of the ratio between deleterious missense mutations and synonymous mutations revealed higher levels in Chinese Grouse as compared to hazel *** results are possibly explained by higher fixation rates,mutational melt down,in the range-restricted Chinese Grouse compared to the wide-ranging hazel ***,when we compared the relatively more severe class of loss-of-function muta-tions,hazel Grouse had slightly higher levels than Chinese Grouse,a result which may indicate that purifying selection(purging)has been more efficient in Chinese Grouse on this class of mutations.

关键词： Genetic load Inbreeding Purifying selection Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ROh Tetrastes

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery:Where are we going?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第35期16卷 4371-4373页

作者： Susan h Whang klaus Thaler Virginia Mason Medical Center hudson Valley hospital Center Cortlandt Manor

The foundation for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(NOTES) is to access the peritoneal and other body cavities through the wall of the alimentary tract via natural orifices,with the goal of performing procedures within the peritoneum and other cavities,without the need to make incisions in the abdominal *** have made great progress in the field of NOTES since the publication of the White Paper in *** are still major fundamental goals as outlined by the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons/American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy joint committee that need to be evaluated and answered before NOTES is ready for widespread clinical *** include prevention of infection,instrument development,creation of a multitasking platform,and the ability to recognize and treat intraperitoneal complications such as hemorrhage and other physiological adverse *** response to this need,recent abstracts and papers have focused on the management of intraoperative *** next phase is to focus on controlled prospective multicenter clinical trials that compare defined NOTES procedure to standard *** goal is to produce reliable and convincing data for the United States Food and Drug Administration,insurance companies,the physician community and the general *** the present time,we still have many important milestones that still need to be *** investigators agree that a hybrid technique and not a pure NOTES practice should be advocated until devices can meet the current and new challenges in this f ield.

关键词： Natural orif ice transluminal endoscopic surgery Endoscopic surgery Gastrointestinal surgery Laparoscopy

Regional lymphadenectomy strongly recommended in T1b gallbladder cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第38期17卷 4347-4348页

作者： Ulrich klaus Fetzner Arnulf h hlscher Dirk L Stippel Department of General Visceral and Cancer SurgeryUniversity Hospital of Cologne

This article discusses the adequate treatment of early gallbladder cancer （Tla, Tlb） and is based on published studies extending over nearly 3 decades. Ran- domized studies and meta analyses comparing different surgical treatments do not exist. The literature shows that in up to 20% of patients lymph node metastasis are found in Tlb gallbladder cancer. Due to high malignancy with early angiolymphatic spread and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation on the one hand, and the relative low operative risk of extended cholecystectomy （cholecystectomy and regional lymphadenectomy） on the other hand, we believe that this procedure is mandatory in early gallbladder cancer.

关键词： Gallbladder cancer Long-term survival Lymphadenectomy Surgical treatment

Water consumption and biodiversity:Responses to global emergency events

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Science Bulletin 2024年第16期69卷 2632-2646页

作者： Dandan Zhao Junguo Liu Laixiang Sun klaus hubacek Stephan Pfister Kuishuang Feng heran Zheng Xu Peng Daoping Wang hong Yang Lei Shen Fei Lun Xu Zhao Bin Chen Marko Keskinen Shaohui Zhang Jialiang Cai Olli Varis Water&Development Research Group Department of Built EnvironmentAalto UniversityEspoo 15200Finland School of Water Conservancy North China University of Water Resources and Electric PowerZhengzhou 450046China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege Park 20742USA School of Finance and Management SOASUniversity of LondonLondon WC1H0XGUK Integrated Research on Energy Environment and SocietyEnergy and Sustainability Research Institute GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningen 9747AGthe Netherlands ETh Zurich Institute of Environmental EngineeringZurich 8093Switzerland The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction University College LondonLondon WC1E6BTUK School of Business Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China Department of Computer Science and Technology University of CambridgeCambridge CB21TNUK w2e Environmental Consulting Gmbh Duebendorf 8600Switzerland Key Laboratory for Resource Use and Environmental Remediation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Institute of Blue and Green Development Shandong UniversityWeihai 264209China Fudan Tyndall Center Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China School of Economics and Management Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenburg A-2361Austria

Given that it was a once-in-a-century emergency event,the confinement measures related to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused diverse disruptions and changes in life and work *** changes significantly affected water consumption both during and after the pandemic,with direct and indirect consequences on ***,there has been a lack of holistic evaluation of these ***,we propose a novel framework to study the impacts of this unique global emergency event by embedding an environmentally extended supply-constrained global multi-regional input-output model(MRIO)into the drivers-pressure-state-impact-response(DPSIR)*** framework allowed us to develop scenarios related to COVID-19 confinement measures to quantify country-sector-specific changes in freshwater consumption and the associated changes in biodiversity for the period of *** results suggest progressively diminishing impacts due to the implementation of COVID-19 vaccines and the socio-economic system’s self-adjustment to the new *** 2020,the confinement measures were estimated to decrease global water consumption by about 5.7% on average across all scenarios when compared with the baseline level with no confinement ***,such a decrease is estimated to lead to a reduction of around 5% in the related pressure on *** the interdependencies and interactions across global supply chains,even those countries and sectors that were not directly affected by the COVID-19 shocks experienced significant impacts:Our results indicate that the supply chain propagations contributed to 79% of the total estimated decrease in water consumption and 84%of the reduction in biodiversity loss on *** study demonstrates that the MRIO-enhanced DSPIR framework can help quantify resource pressures and the resultant environmental impacts across supply chains when facing a global emergency ***,we recommend the development o

关键词： Global emergency events Water-biodiversity causal effect COVID-19 Biodiversity MRIO-enhanced DPSIR framework Supply-chain network high-resolution water consumption dataset Supply-constrained multi-regional input-output(mixed MRIO)model

Transrectal EUS-guided FNA biopsy of a presacral chordoma-report of a case and review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第16期14卷 2586-2589页

作者： klaus Gottlieb Paul h Lin David M Liu Karl Anders Endoscopic Ultrasound and Interventional Endoscopy Spokane WA 99202 United States Surgical Specialists of Spokane Spokane WA 99202 United States Inland Imaging Spokane WA 99202 United States Deaconess Pathology Spokane WA 99202 United States

Chordomas are rare tumors which originate from the remnants of the notochord. These tumors are locally aggressive and have a predilection for the ends of the axial skeleton. An important prerequisite for optimal management of these tumors is a correct preoperative diagnosis. The present case is the first report of the use of endoscopic ultrasound to obtain transrectal fine needle aspiration biopsy of a presacral chordoma. A review of the prior computer tomography (CT) scans allowed us to calculate the tumor volume doubling time (18.3 mo). Transrectal biopsy of chordomas is controversial, however we believe that such concerns are not justified.

关键词： Chordoma Endoscopic ultrasound Spinaltumors Trans-rectal biopsies

Problems of drinking water treatment along Ismailia Canal Province, Egypt

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第3期9卷 232-242页

作者： Mohamed h.GERIESh klaus-Dieter BALKE Ahmed E.EL-RAYES Geology Department Faculty of ScienceSuez Canal UniversityP.C.41522IsmailiaEgypt Institute of Geosciences Teubingen University72076 TeubingenGermany

The present drinking water purification system in Egypt uses surface water as a raw water supply without a preliminary filtration *** the other hand,chlorine gas is added as a disinfectant agent in two steps,pre-and *** to these reasons most of water treatment plants suffer low filtering effectiveness and produce the trihalomethane(ThM) species as a chlorination *** Ismailia Canal represents the most distal downstream of the main Nile *** its water contains all the proceeded pollutants discharged into the *** addition,the downstream reaches of the canal act as an agricultural drain during the closing period of the high Dam gates in January and February every ***,the wide industrial zone along the upstream course of the canal enriches the canal water with high concentrations of heavy *** obtained results indicate that the canal gains up to 24.06×106 m3 of water from the surrounding shallow aquifer during the closing period of the high Dam gates,while during the rest of the year,the canal acts as an influent stream losing about 99.6×106 m3 of its water *** reduction of total organic carbon(TOC) and suspended particulate matters(SPMs) should be one of the central goals of any treatment plan to avoid the disinfectants *** combination of sedimentation basins,gravel pre-filtration and slow sand filtration,and underground passage with microbiological oxidation-reduction and adsorption criteria showed good removal of parasites and bacteria and complete elimination of TOC,SPM and heavy ***,it reduces the use of disinfectants chemicals and lowers the treatment ***,this purification system under the arid climate prevailing in Egypt should be tested and modified prior to application.

关键词： Drinking water treatment hazardous by-products Natural attenuation Ismailia Canal Egypt

Long-term results of endoscopic balloon dilatation of lower gastrointestinal tract strictures in Crohn's disease:A prospective study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第21期15卷 2623-2627页

作者： klaus Stienecker Daniel Gleichmann Ulrike Neumayer h Joachim Glaser Carolin Tonus Department of Gastroenterology Herz-Jesu-Hospital Fulda Department of Visceral Surgery Herz-Jesu-Hospital Fulda

AIM:To examine the long-term results of endoscopic treatment in a prospective study conducted over a period of 10 years,1997 to January ***:A total of 25 patients(20 female and five male:aged 18-75 years),with at least one symptom of stricture not passable with the standard colonoscope and with a confirmed scarred Crohn's stricture of the lower gastrointestinal tract,were included in the *** main symptom was abdominal *** endoscopic balloon dilatation was performed with an 18 mm balloon under endoscopic and radiological ***:Eleven strictures were located in the colon,13 at the anastomosis after ileocecal resection,three at the Bauhin valve and four in the *** patients had two strictures and one patient had three *** the 31 strictures,in 30 was balloon dilatation successful in a single endoscopic session,so that eventually the strictures could be passed easily with the standard *** one patient with a long stricture of the ileum involving the Bauhin valve and an additional stricture of the ileum which were 15 cm apart,sufficient dilatation was not *** patient therefore required *** of abdominal symptoms was achieved in all cases which had technically successful balloon dilatation,althoughin one case perforation occurred after dilatation of a recurrent *** follow-up was in the range of 54-118 mo(mean of 81 mo).The relapse rate over this period was 46%,but 64% of relapsing strictures could be successfully dilated *** in four patients was surgery required during this follow-up ***:We conclude from these initial results that endoscopic balloon dilatation,especially for short strictures in Crohn's disease,can be performed with reliable *** is a rare *** is our opinion that in the long-term,the relapse rate is probably higher than after surgery,but usually a second endoscopic treatment can be performed successfully,leading to

关键词： Crohn's disease strictures Balloon dilatation Endoscopy Morbidity Mortality

Major bridge projects—a multi-disciplinary approach

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2011年第4期5卷 479-495页

作者： klaus h.OSTENFELD Erik Y.ANDERSEN COWI Parallelvej 2Kongens LyngbyDK-2800Denmark

Modern bridge building is much more than concrete,steel and *** overall socioeconomic impact,influence on people migration,traffic,use of primary materials,safety of construction impact on the environment,energy,risk scenarios,health,and most relevant now:climate and CO_(2) emissions,are among the parameters which enter into the decision process at the overall holistic conceptual level,the more detailed level of selection of bridge sites,and selection of bridge types as well as construction methods and selection of materials and *** paper illustrates these dilemmas and illustrates by specific examples how this complicated decision process can be managed and structured in order to arrive at an overall satisfactory solution for design,construction and maintenance throughout the lifetime(life cycle)to these sometimes contradictory parameters and requirements.

关键词： bridges materials climate risk safety environment socioeconomics traffic CO_(2) energy life cycle society aesthetics

Enriching plant diversity in grasslands by large-scale experimental sward disturbance and seed addition along gradients of land-use intensity

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 581-591页

作者： Valentin h.klaus Deborah Schäfer Till Kleinebecker Markus Fischer Daniel Prati Norbert hölzel Institute of Landscape Ecology Münster UniversityHeisenbergstr.248149 MünsterGermany Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 213013 BernSwitzerland

Aims The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is among the most active areas of ecological ***,enhancing the diversity of degraded ecosystems is a major goal in applied restoration *** grasslands,many species may be locally absent due to dispersal or microsite limitation and may therefore profit from mechanical disturbance of the resident *** established a seed addition and disturbance experiment across several grassland sites of different land use to test whether plant diversity can be increased in these ***,the experiment will allow us testing the consequences of increased plant diversity for ecosystem processes and for the diversity of other taxa in real-world ***,we present details of the experimen-tal design and report results from the first vegetation survey 1 year after disturbance and seed ***,we tested whether the effects of seed addition and disturbance varied among grassland depending on their land use or pre-disturbance plant *** A full-factorial experiment was installed in 73 grasslands in three regions across *** were under regular agricul-tural use,but varied in the type and the intensity of management,thereby representing the range of management typical for large parts of Central *** disturbance treatment consisted of disturbing the top 10 cm of the sward using a rotavator or rotary *** addition consisted of sowing a high-diversity seed mixture of regional plant *** species were all regionally present,but often locally absent,depending on the resident vegetation composi-tion and richness of each *** Findings Seven months after sward disturbance,respective plots had significantly increased in bare soil,seedling species richness and number of *** addition had increased plant species richness,but only in combination with sward *** increase in species richness

关键词： grassland restoration germination microsite limitation seed limitation fertilization