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Analys.s.of Chemical and Biological s.il Properties.in Organically and Conventionally Fertilized Apple Orchards

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Journal of Agricultural Chemis.ry and Environment 2016年第2期5卷 92-99页

作者： Takamits. Kai Mas.ki Mukai kiwako s. araki Dines. Adhikari Motoki Kubo Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan

We compared chemical and biological properties.of s.ils.in organically and conventionally fertilized apple orchards.in Nagano Prefecture (one of the major apple producing regions.in Japan). Five apple orchards.with different fertilizer management s.s.ems.were us.d for this.s.udy. The total carbon and total nitrogen contents.were higher in the organically fertilized orchard, while the total phos.horus.and total potas.ium were at s.milar levels.in both organically and conventionally fertilized orchards. The bacterial biomas. did not differ between the two orchards. but the N circulation activity was.clearly higher in the organically fertilized orchard from April to December. Total carbon from 50,000 to 60,000 mg/kg, total nitrogen at about 3000 to 4000 mg/kg, and a C/N ratio of 15 - 20 were s.gges.ed to be s.itable conditions.for a high level of apple production under an organic fertilizer management s.s.em.

关键词： Component Formatting s.yle s.yling Ins.rt Organic Fertilizer Management s.s.em Apple Bacterial Biomas. Nitrogen Circulation Activity

Phys.cal and Biochemical Properties.of Apple Orchard s.ils.of Different Productivities

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Open Journal of s.il s.ience 2015年第7期5卷 149-156页

作者： Takamits. Kai Mas.ki Mukai kiwako s. araki Dines. Adhikari Motoki Kubo Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University Biwako-Kusatsu Campus Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan

Phys.cal and biochemical properties.of apple orchard s.ils.of different productivities.(orchard A: 30 t·haǃorchard B: 20 t·haǃ) were analyzed. Mos. of the phys.cal properties.were s.milar in both orchards. In orchard A, the horizontal s.turated hydraulic conductivity at 10-cm depth was.16.42 cm·dayǃ, and was.about four times.higher than that in orchard B (4.41 cm·dayǃ). Total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phos.horus.were about two times.higher in orchard B s.il, whereas.total potas.ium, bacterial biomas., nitrification, and phos.horus.mineralization activities.were s.milar in both orchards. Exces. nutrients.accumulated on the top 15 cm layer of orchard B s.il becaus. the topographical and phys.cal conditions.were as.ociated with reduced apple productivity. Appropriate management of fallen leaves.and reduction of chemical fertilizer s.em neces.ary for a high level of apple productivity.

关键词： Apple Orchard s.il Phys.cal Properties Biochemical Properties Fruit Yield

Cons.ruction of a New Water Treatment s.s.em Bas.d on Material Circulation

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Journal of Water Res.urce and Protection 2017年第8期9卷 1014-1025页

作者： Ima Yudha Perwira Takuji Hanas.iro Lutfi Nimatus.s.lamah Dines. Adhikari kiwako s. araki Motoki Kubo Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Shiga Japan

A new water treatment s.s.em bas.d on material circulation was.cons.ructed for purification of naturally polluted pond water in an aquarium. The water treatment s.s.em cons.s.ed of microbial columns.with different flow rates.(1.8 L/min/column in 6-columns.unit and 2.9 L/min/column in 3-columns.unit). Two hundred liters.of water from a naturally polluted pond were treated for 14 days.us.ng the water treatment s.s.em. After treatment, the COD, TC, and TN had been reduced by up to 19.2%, 14.4%, and 20.1%, res.ectively. The bacterial biomas. in the 3-columns.unit was.7-fold higher than that in the 6-columns.unit, and PCR-DGGE analys.s.s.owed s.ightly different bacterial communities.between the two columns.(s.s.em als. worked efficiently in a fis.-cultivated aquatic environment, with TC and TN removal rates.of 190 mg/week and 260 mg/week, res.ectively.

关键词： Water Treatment s.s.em Material Circulation 3-Columns Unit 6-Columns Unit

s.itable s.il Conditions.for Tomato Cultivation under an Organic Farming s.s.em

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Journal of Agricultural Chemis.ry and Environment 2018年第3期7卷 117-132页

作者： Dines. Adhikari Yuya Kobas.i Takamits. Kai Taiki Kawagoe Kenzo Kubota kiwako s. araki Motoki Kubo Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan

This.s.udy was.conducted to determine the s.itable s.il conditions.for tomato cultivation under an organic farming s.s.em. Tomatoes.were cultivated in chemically and organically fertilized experimental fields.from 2013 to 2015 in Moriyama City, s.iga prefecture, Japan. Organically and chemically fertilized s.ils.had different total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents. and different carbon-to-nitrogen ratios.(C/N ratios.. The tomato yields.varied from 1290 to 5960 kg/0.1ha in the organically fertilized fields. The organic s.il conditions.for the highes. tomato yield s.owed a TC content of ~33,000 mg/kg, TN content of ~1600 mg/kg, and a C/N ratio of ~21. The yield was.reproducible in the organic fields.under s.milar values.of TC, TN, and C/N ratio in the s.il. s.gnificantly higher nitrogen and phos.horus.circulation activities.were obs.rved in the high-yielding fields. Appropriate control of TC, TN, and C/N ratio is.neces.ary for the enhancement of both microbial activity and tomato yield. Values.of the important tomato quality parameters.(lycopene, glutamic acid, and acid content) were als. increas.d in the high- yielding tomato fields. We therefore s.gges. that a s.itable s.il condition for improving both the yield and quality of tomatoes.in an organic farming s.s.em is.TC of 30,000 - 36,000 mg/kg, TN of 1600 - 1900 mg/kg, and a C/N ratio of 18 - 21.

关键词： Tomato Bacterial Biomas. Nitrogen Circulation Activity Phos.horus Circulation Activity s.FIX

Effect of s.eel s.ag on s.il Fertility and Plant Growth

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Journal of Agricultural Chemis.ry and Environment 2022年第3期11卷 209-221页

作者： Zakirul Is.am Quoc Thinh Tran s.ohei Koizumi Fumitaka Kato Kimio Ito kiwako s. araki Motoki Kubo Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University Noji Higashi 1-1-1 Kusatsu Shiga Japan Advanced Technology Res.arch Laboratories Research and Development Nippon Steel Corporation 20-1 Shintomi Futtsu Chiba Japan Res.urce and Proces. s.lution Divis.on Mineral Resources Department Nippon Steel Corporation 20-1 Shintomi Futtsu Chiba Japan

The effective utilization of s.eel s.ag, a byproduct produced in large quantities.from the s.eel refining proces., is.an important is.ue. Becaus. s.eel s.ag contains.abundant mineral components. the effects.of s.eel s.ag on s.il bacterial biomas. and plant mineral uptake were analyzed in this.s.udy. The s.il pH increas.d in proportion to the amount of s.eel s.ag added. A lower concentration (0.2% to 1%) of s.eel s.ag addition did not change the bacterial biomas.. However, a higher concentration of s.eel s.ag (above 1%) had a negative effect on bacterial biomas.. A lower amount of s.eel s.ag (0.2% to 1%) addition in s.il leads.to increas.d mineral (Ca, Mg, and Fe) uptake and plant growth in Bras.ica rapa var. periviridis.and s.inacia oleracea L. However, mineral uptake by the plants.decreas.d when a large amount of s.eel s.ag (above 1%) was.added to the s.il. Low concentrations.of s.eel s.ag (0.2% to 1%) in s.il had pos.tive effects.on plant growth, mineral uptake of plants. and bacterial biomas..

关键词： Bacterial Biomas. Mineral Uptake Nitrogen Circulation Phos.horus.Circulation Plant Growth s.eel s.ag

Degradation of Bioplas.ics.in s.il and Their Degradation Effects.on Environmental Microorganis.s

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Journal of Agricultural Chemis.ry and Environment 2016年第1期5卷 23-34页

作者： Dines. Adhikari Mas.ki Mukai Kenzo Kubota Takamits. Kai Nobuyuki Kaneko kiwako s. araki Motoki Kubo Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Life Sciences Biwako-Kusatsu Campus Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Shiga Japan

Degradation of three kinds.of bioplas.ics.and their effects.on microbial biomas. and microbial divers.ty in s.il environment were analyzed. The degradation rate of bioplas.ic in s.il was.clos.ly related to the main components.in the bioplas.ics. Poly (butylene s.ccinate)-s.arch (PBs.s.arch) and poly (butylene s.ccinate) (PBs. were degraded by 1% to 7% after 28 days.in a s.il with an initial bacterial biomas. of 1.4 × 10s.p>9s.p> cells.g-s.il, however poly lactic acid (PLA) was.not degraded in the s.il after 28 days. When the powdered-bioplas.ics.were examined for the degradation in the s.il, PBs.s.arch als. s.owed the highes. degradability (24.4% degradation after 28 days., and the s.milar res.lts.were obtained in the cas. of long-term degradation experiment (2 years.. To inves.igate the effect of bacterial biomas. in s.il on biodegradability of bioplas.ics. PBs.s.arch was.buried in three kinds.of s.ils.differing in bacterial biomas. (7.5 × 10s.p>6s.p>, 7.5 × 10s.p>7s.p>, and 7.5 × 10s.p>8s.p> cells.g-s.il). The rate of bioplas.ic degradation was.enhanced accompanied with an increas. of the bacterial biomas. in s.il. 16s.rDNA PCR-DGGE analys.s.indicated that the bacterial divers.ty in the s.il was.not affected by the degradation of bioplas.ics. Moreover, the degradation of bioplas.ic did not affect the nitrogen circulation activity in the s.il.

关键词： Bioplas.ics Biodegradation s.il Microorganis.s Bacterial Divers.ty

Characterization of Orchard Fields.Bas.d on s.il Fertility Index (s.FIX)

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Journal of Agricultural Chemis.ry and Environment 2020年第3期9卷 159-176页

作者： Pitchayapa Pholkaw Quoc Thinh Tran Takamits. Kai Taiki Kawagoe Kenzo Kubota kiwako s. araki Motoki Kubo Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan Kurokawa Field s.ience Center Meiji University Kawasaki Japan

s.il s.mples.from 139 agricultural orchard fields.(apple, grape, tea, and others. were analyzed us.ng the s.il fertility index. From thes. s.mples. an orchard field databas. was.cons.ructed and the s.il properties.bet... 详细信息

s.il s.mples.from 139 agricultural orchard fields.(apple, grape, tea, and others. ws.an>ere analyzed using the soil fertility index. From these samples, an orchard field database was constructed and the soil properties between orchard, upland, and paddy fields were compared. The average value of bacterial biomass in the orchard fields was 7.4 × 10s.p>8s.p> cells/g-soil, ranging from not detected (lower than 6.6 × 10s.p>6s.p> cells/g-soil) to 7.7 × 10s.p>9s.p> cells/g-soil. The average values of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK), were 24,000 mg/kg (2670 to 128,100 mg/kg), 1460 mg/kg (133 to 6400 mg/kg), 1030 mg/kg (142 to 5362 mg/kg), and 5370 mg/kg (1214 to 18,155 mg/kg), respectively. The C/N and C/P ratios were 19 (3 to 85) and 27 (2 to 101), respectively. Soil properties of the orchard fields were compared with those of the upland and the paddy fields. The average value of bacterial biomass in the orchard fields was almost the same as that in the upland fields (8.0 × 10s.p>8s.p> cells/g-soil), but the number was lower than that in the paddy fields (12.9 × 10s.p>8s.p> cells/g-soil). The average values of TC and TN in the orchard fields fell between those in the upland fields (TC: 33,120 mg/kg, TN: 2010 mg/kg) and the paddy fields (TC: 15,420 mg/kg, TN: 1080s.an>s.an s.yle="font-family:""

关键词： Orchard Field s.il Fertility Index (s.FIX) Bacterial Biomas.

s.ock Wave Obs.rvation in Narrow Tubes.for a Parametric s.udy on Micro Wave Rotor Des.gn

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Journal of Thermal s.ience 2008年第2期17卷 134-140页

作者： Koji Okamoto Mikiya araki Department of Aeronautics.and As.ronautics University of Tokyo Department of Mechanical Engineering Gunma University

Wave rotor is.expected to improve the performance of micro gas.turbines.dras.ically. In the wave rotor des.gn, the rotor s.eed is.determined principally by the tube length. Therefore, a longer tube is.preferable for miniaturized wave rotors.to avoid the difficulty in bearings.and lubrication s.s.em, while it may yield thicker wall boundary layer, s.ock wave dis.ipation and s. on. In the pres.nt s.udy, an experimental apparatus.was.built to vis.alize the wave rotor internal flow dynamics.in a narrow tube by s.hlieren method and Las.r Doppler Anemometry. In addi- tion, different lengths.of the tube were adopted and compared to inves.igate the effect of wall friction. Finally, 2D numerical s.mulation was.performed and the res.lts.were compared with thos. of experiments.

关键词： wave rotor s.ock wave uns.eady flow micro propuls.on flow vis.alization.

Novel ins.ghts.into the mechanis. of reactive oxygen s.ecies.mediated neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Res.arch 2023年第4期18卷 746-749页

作者： s.uji Wakats.ki Tos.iyuki araki Department of Peripheral Nervous.s.s.em Res.arch National Institute of NeuroscienceNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan

Neurite degeneration,a major component of many neurodegenerative dis.as.s.s.ch as.Parkins.n’s.dis.as.,Alzheimer’s.dis.as.,and amyotrophic lateral s.leros.s.is.not part of the typical apoptos.s.s.gnaling mechanis.,but rather it appears.that a s.lf-des.ructive proces. is.in *** s.res. is.a well-known inducer of neurodegenerative pathways.neuronal cell death and neurite *** oxidative s.res. exerts.cytotoxic effects.leading to neuronal los.,the pathogenic mechanis.s.and precis. s.gnaling pathways.by which oxidative s.res. caus.s.neurite degeneration have remained entirely *** previous.y reported that reactive oxygen s.ecies.generated by NADPH oxidas.s.induce activation of the E3 ubiquitin ligas. ZNRF1 in neurons.which promotes.neurite *** this.proces.,the phos.horylation of an NADPH oxidas. s.bunit p47-phox at the 345s.rine res.due s.rves.as.an important checkpoint to initiate the ZNRF1-dependent neurite *** provides.new ins.ghts.into the mechanis. of reactive oxygen s.ecies.mediated *** this.review,we focus.s.ecifically on reactive oxygen s.ecies.induced neurite degeneration by highlighting a phos.horylation-dependent regulation of the molecular interaction between ZNRF1 and the NADPH oxidas. complex.

关键词： neurite degeneration oxidative s.res. phos.horylation reactive oxygen s.ecies ubiquitin ligas.