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Denitrification Rate and Controlling Factors for Accumulated Nitrate in the Deep Subsoil of Intensive Farmlands: A Case Study in the North China Plain

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Pedosphere 2019年第4期29卷 516-526页

作者： YUAN Haijing QIN Shuping DONG Wenxu HU Chunsheng kiril manevski LI Xiaoxin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang 050021 (China) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 (China) Department of Agroecology Aarhus University Tjele 8830 (Denmark)

Denitrification in subsoil(to a depth of 12 m) is an important mechanism to reduce nitrate(NO3^-) leaching into ***, regulating mechanisms of subsoil denitrification, especially those in the deep subsoil beneath the crop root zone, have not been well documented. In this study, soil columns of 0–12 m depth were collected from intensively farmed fields in the North China Plain. The fields had received long-term nitrogen(N) fertilizer inputs at 0(N0), 200(N200) and 600(N600) kg N ha^-1 year^-1. Main soil properties related to denitrification, i.e., soil water content, NO3^-, dissolved organic carbon(DOC), soil organic carbon(SOC),pH, denitrifying enzyme activity(DEA), and anaerobic denitrification rate(ADR), were determined. Statistical comparisons among the treatments were performed. The results showed that NO3^- was more heavily accumulated in the entire soil profile of the N600 treatment, compared to the N0 and N200 treatments. The SOC, DOC, and ADR decreased with increasing soil depth in all treatments,whereas considerable DEA was observed throughout the subsoil. The long-term fertilizer rates affected ADR only in the upper 4 m soil layers. The ADRs in the N200 and N600 treatments were significantly correlated with DOC. Multiple regression analysis indicated that DOC rather than DEA was the key factor regulating denitrification beneath the root zone. Additional research is required to determine if carbon addition into subsoil can be a promising approach to enhance NO3^- denitrification in the subsoil and consequently to mitigate groundwater NO3^- contamination in the intensive farmlands.

关键词： denitrifying enzyme activity dissolved organic carbon nitrate leaching soil organic carbon subsoil denitrification

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Limiting factor of denitrification for accumulated nitrate in 0-12 m soil profiles

Limiting factor of denitrification for accumulated nitrate i...

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第七次全国土壤生物与生物化学学术研讨会暨第二次全国土壤健康学术研讨会

作者： Haijing Yuan Shuping Qin Wenxu Dong Chunsheng Hu kiril manevski Xiaoxin Li University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Subsoil denitrification is an important mechanism to reduce nitrate leaching into groundwater. However, factors limiting subsoil denitrification, especially in the soil beneath the root zone, have not been well investigated. We collected intact soil columns of 0-12 m from fields in the North China Plain with long-term nitrogen(N) fertilization input of 0(N0), 200(N200) and 600(N600) kg N ha-1 yr-1. Within the 0-12 m soil profiles we determined physical properties and chemical properties related to denitrification, i.e. soil texture, water content, nitrate, dissolved organic carbon(DOC), soil organic carbon(SOC), denitrifying enzyme activity(DEA) and actual denitrification rate(ADR). The results showed that nitrate was heavily accumulated in the entire soil profile in N600, compared to N0 and N200. The SOC, DOC, and ADR decreased with increasing soil depth in all treatments, whereas considerable DEA was observed in the entire subsoil in N600 treatment when compared with N0 and N200. Long-term fertilizer rates only affected ADR in upper 4 m soil layers. The ADR in N200 and N600 was significantly correlated with DOC but not with DEA. These results implied on DOC rather than DEA as the key factor limiting denitrification beneath the root zone. Further study should investigate if importing DOC into subsoil could be a promising approach to increase denitrification and remove accumulated nitrate in subsoil and consequently to block nitrate contamination of the groundwater in intensive farming fields such as those studied here.

关键词： Subsoil denitrification Groundwater Nitrate contamination Dissolved organic carbon Denitrifying enzyme activity Nitrate leaching

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Advances in Quantifying Impact and Extent of Water-Land-Food Nexus for Food Security in Africa

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第4期13卷 520-541页

作者： Auguste Cesar Itangishaka Yonghui Yang kiril manevski Huilong Li Telesphore Habiyakare Gratien Twagirayezu Jean Yves Uwamungu Christine Mushimiyimana Romaine Ingabire Hubert Hirwa Vincent Nzabarinda Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving Center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Agroecology Aarhus University Tjele Denmark Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research Beijing China College of Resources and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou China Tianshui Normal University Tianshui China College of Bioengineering and Technology Tianshui Normal University Tianshui China Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste Tianshui Normal University Tianshui China China-Belarus Institute of Ecology and Environment Tianshui Normal University Tianshui China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China

Food systems have the potential to promote human health and enhance environmental sustainability;yet most African countries have decadal starvation and malnourishment due to unstable food systems lacking basic nutritional profiles. To understand the key questions of the African food production and food security crisis, it is important to evaluate the past and the present balance of food production and consumption quantitatively and comprehensively and identify resource constraints. This continental study analyzed water-land-food (WLF) nexus in recent decades (1997-2017) and accessed whether these resources cope with different population growth projections, dietary changes and agricultural water management. The findings revealed that in 2017, total production in Africa for the four major crops was 83.3, 34.1, 21.0 and 26.7 million tons for, respectively, maize, rice, sorghum and wheat. Together with the imported food, 38 countries experienced an increase in kcal by food supply, while 7 countries encountered a decrease. However, only 6 countries were above the 1500 kcal∙capita−1∙day−1—the global average food consumption from the four major crops. The study also found that in the context of food production and out of the total African population, 268 million (21.6%) have enough land and water, 310 million (25.0%) is without enough land and water, further 279 million (22.5%) have enough water but not enough land, and 381 million (30.8%) encounter enough land but not enough water. This is the first WLF nexus study for the African continent and emphasizes the need for efficient and rapid changes in the food systems of the African population, both in production and consumption, in order to provide sustainable and secure food systems, and ultimately approach the first three Sustainable Development Goals.

关键词： Basic Dietary Requirements Cereal Import Dependency Ration Constraint Import Production Shortages Resource

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Production of bio-fertilizer from Ascophyllum nodosum and Sargassum muticum (Phaeophyceae)

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第3期37卷 918-927页

作者： SILVA Luís Daniel BAHCEVANDZIEV kiril PEREIRA Leonel Faculty of Science and Technology University of CoimbraCoimbra 3000-456Portugal Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra Agricultural CollegeⅡA-Institute of Applied ResearchCERNAS-Research Centre for Natural ResourcesEnvironmentand SocietyBencantaCoimbra 3045-601Portugal Faculty of Science and Technology University of CoimbraCoimbra 3000-548Portugal

Oceans and seas form a large body of water that contains a natural *** humans,represents a resource,which makes this a point of interest,from researches to improve the *** produce many compounds and secondary metabolites that can be used in different fi elds of industry such as food,agricultural,pharmaceutical and *** though seaweeds are ancestral resources,recently it was notorious a global interest in knowing more about its potentials,where biotechnology plays an important role in *** showed that seaweed has many bioactive compounds benefi cial to plant development,giving them a great potential as an agricultural *** seaweeds to the soil provides organic matter,minerals,trace elements,growth plant regulator,metabolites,vitamins,and amino acids and it can work as a soil *** Portugal,the use of seaweeds for agriculture is important since long time *** the past,populations that lived near coastal zone depended on the seaweeds as a family subsistence but,throughout the years,synthetic fertilizers replaced *** work aimed to assess the potential of the extracts obtained from Ascophyllum nodosum and from Sargassum muticum as an agricultural *** evaluation was carried out with rice plants(Oryza sativa)and lettuce(Lactuca sativa),in germination bioassays,the culture of rice and lettuce plants in pots,and culture of lettuce plants in *** that,seaweed liquid extracts were used in different concentrations in different *** show that extracts obtained from two seaweeds,*** and ***,can be promissory plant biofertilizer at a concentration of 25% and had a positive effect on seed germination,plant development,and production.

关键词： fertilizer bioactive compounds Ascophyllum nodosum Sargassum muticum Oryza sativa Lactuca sativa

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Design of Resilient Sensor Networks Balancing Resilience and Efficiency

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 107-115页

作者： Sergey N.Vecherin kiril D.Ratmanski Luke Hogewood Igor Linkov Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Engineering Research and Development CenterHanoverNH 03755USA Environmental Laboratory Engineering Research and Development CenterVicksburgMS 39180USA

In recent years,the notion of resilience has been developed and applied in many technical areas,becoming exceptionally pertinent to disaster risk *** a disaster situation,accurate sensing information is the key to efficient recovery *** general,resilience aims to minimize the impact of disruptions to systems through the fast recovery of critical functionality,but resilient design may require redundancy and could increase *** this article,we describe a method based on binary linear programming for sensor network design balancing efficiency with *** application of the developed framework is demonstrated for the case of interior building surveillance utilizing infrared sensors in both twoand three-dimensional *** method provides optimal sensor placement,taking into account critical functionality and a desired level of resilience and considering sensor type and *** problem formulation,resilience requirements,and application of the optimization algorithm are described in *** of sensor locations with and without resilience requirements shows that resilient configuration requires redundancy in number of sensors and their intelligent *** tasks are successfully solved by the described method,which can be applied to strengthen the resilience of sensor networks by *** proposed methodology is suitable for large-scale optimization problems with many sensors and extensive coverage areas.

关键词： Binary linear programming Optimal sensor placement Redundant networks Resilience and efciency Resilient sensor networks

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Regional and Sectoral Patterns and Determinants of Comparative Advantage in China

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2017年第1期12卷 7-36页

作者： William Charles Sawyer kiril Tochkov Wenting Yu Department of Economics Texas Christian University Fort Worth Texas 76129 USA Tepper School of Business Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

China＇s export performance is marked by large regional disparities which affect trade patterns at the national level. This paper uses data from input-output tables to estimate the comparative advantage of Chinese provinces in the three main economic sectors over the period 1992-2007. In contrast to existing studies, we include the services sector in the analysis and construct not only indices of revealed comparative advantage for overall trade, but also bilateral indices for interprovincial trade. The results indicate that West and Central China have a comparative advantage in agriculture/mining, coastal provinces in manufacturing, and metropolitan provinces in services. However, interprovincial trade exhibits a more complex pattern. Regression analysis identifies labor endowments as the key determinant of comparative advantage in total trade, while physical capital is the driving force in domestic trade. Human capital and government spending have a positive effect, whereas industrial loans and taxes, along with provincial trade barriers, impair comparative advantage.

关键词： comparative advantage trade sectors regional disparities China

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Seed-Specific Expression of Apolipoprotein A-IMilano Dimer in Engineered Rice Lines

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Rice science 2023年第6期30卷 587-597页

作者： Serena REGGI Elisabetta ONELLI Alessandra MOSCATELLI Nadia STROPPA Matteo DELL’ANNO kiril PERFANOV Luciana ROSSI Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science University of MilanLodi 26900Italy Department of Biosciences University of MilanMilan 20133Italy Plantechno Srl Casalmaggiore 26040Italy

Apolipoprotein A-IMilano(ApoA-IM)has been shown to significantly reduce coronary atherosclerotic ***,the preparation of cost-effective pharmaceutical formulations of ApoA-IM is limited by the high cost and difficulty of purifying the protein and producing the highly effective dimeric *** aim of this study was to create an expression cassette that specifically drives the expression of dimeric ApoA-IM in the protein bodies of rice *** ApoA-IM protein under control of the 13 kDa prolamin promoter is expressed exclusively in its dimeric form within the seeds,and immunocytochemical and immunogold analyses confirmed its expression in different caryopsis tissue such as seed coat,aleurone cell and endosperm,particularly in amyloplast and storage vacuoles.A plant-based ApoA-IM production system offered numerous advantages over current production systems,including the direct production of the most therapeutically effective dimeric ApoA-IM forms,long-term protein storage in seeds,and ease of protein production by simply growing ***,seeds had the potential to serve as a costeffective source of therapeutic ApoA-IM.

关键词： apolipoprotein A-IMilano engineered plant immunofluorescence immunogold analysis rice seed-specific promoter

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Interaction of carbonaceous nanomaterials with wastewater biomass

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第5期9卷 823-831页

作者： Yu YANG Zhicheng YU Takayuki NOSAKA Kyle DOUDRICK kiril HRISTOVSKI Pierre HERCKES Paul WESTERHOFF School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA The Polytechnic School Arizona State University Mesa AZ 85212 USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA

Increasing production and use of carbonaceous nanomaterials （NMs） will increase their release to the sewer system and to municipal wastewater treatment plants. There is little quantitative knowledge on the removal of multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs）, graphene oxide （GO）, or few-layer graphene （FLG） from wastewater into the wastewater biomass. As such, we investigated the quantification of GO and MWCNTs by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and FLG using programmable thermal analysis （PTA）, respectively. We further explored the removal of pristine and oxidized MWCNTs （O- MWCNTs）, GO, and FLG in a biomass suspension. At least 96% of pristine and O-MWCNTs were removed from the water phase through aggregation and 30-min settling in presence or absence of biomass with an initial MWCNT concentration of 25mg.L-1. Only 65% of GO was removed with biomass concentration at or above 1,000 mg. L-1 as total suspended solids （TSS） with the initial GO concentration of 25 mg. L-1. As UV-Vis spectrophotometry does not work well on quantification of FLG, we studied the removal of FLG at a lower biomass concentration （50mg TSS-L-1） using PTA, which showed a 16% removal of FLG with an initial concentration of 1 mg ·L-1. The removal data for GO and FLG were fitted using the Freundlich equation （R2 = 0.55, 0.94, respectively）. The data presented in this study for carbonaceous NM removal from wastewater provides quantitative informa- tion for environmental exposure modeling and life cycle assessment.

关键词： multi-walled carbon nanotubes graphene oxide graphene removal wastewater biomass

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Electromagnetic nature of nuclear forces and the toroid structure of the helion and the alpha particle

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Natural Science 2012年第7期4卷 484-491页

作者： kiril Kolikov Plovdiv University “P. Hilendarski” Plovdiv Bulgaria

In the present paper, we consider the nucleons in the helium-3 and helium-4 nuclei as tori. These tori rotate with constant angular velocity around an axis, which is perpendicular to the rotation plane and passes through the centre of mass of the nuclei. Based on exact analytical expressions for the electrostatic interaction between two spheres with arbitrary radii and charges derived by us recently, we find that the well-known potential binding energy for the helion and for the alpha particle is of electromagnetic character. Using the above mentioned formulae, we find the interaction force in the nuclei under consideration. Our toroid model recovers the basic experimental results not only for the binding energy, but also for the stability, radii, spins and the magnetic moments of the helion and the alpha particle.

关键词： Helion Alpha Particle Strong Interaction Potential Binding Energy Electrostatic Interaction

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Short-range action and long-range action of the electrostatic forces within atomic nuclei

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Natural Science 2013年第4期5卷 508-513页

作者： Dragia Ivanov kiril Kolikov Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski” Plovdiv Bulgaria

We study the interaction forces in atomic nuclei based on our expressions for the electrostatic interaction between spheres of arbitrary radii and charges. We prove that at small distances the proton-neutron electrostatic attraction forces are short-range-acting and the proton-proton electrostatic repulsion forces are long-range-acting. We obtain that these forces are commensurate with the nuclear forces. The protonneutron electrostatic attraction forces and the proton-proton electrostatic repulsion forces at the same distance between nucleons differ in absolute value by about an order of magnitude. It follows that based on electromagnetic interactions the neutrons are the binding building blocks in nuclear structures.

关键词： Nucleon Electrostatic Force of Interaction Strong Interaction Long-Range-Acting Forces Short-Range-Acting Forces

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