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Design of Multi-valued Logic Circuit Using Carbon Nano Tube Field Transistors

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 5283-5298页

作者： S.v.Ratankumar L.Koteswara Rao M.kiran kumar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationAziz NagarHyderabad500075TelanganaIndia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering RGM College of Engineering and TechnologyNandyal518501Andhra PradeshIndia Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationVaddeswaramGuntur522502Andhra PradeshIndia

The design of a three-input logic circuit using carbon nanotube field effect transistors(CNTFETs)is presented.Ternary logic must be an exact replacement for dual logic since it performs straightforwardly in digital devices,which is why this design is so popular,and it also reduces chip area,both of which are examples of circuit overheads.The proposed module we have investigated is a triple-logic-based one,based on advanced technology CNTFETs and an emphasis on minimizing delay times at various values,as well as comparisons of the design working with various load capacitances.Comparing the proposed design with the existing design,the delay times was reduced from 66.32 to 16.41 ps,i.e.,a 75.26%reduction.However,the power dissipation was not optimized,and increased by 1.44%compared to the existing adder.The number of transistors was also reduced,and the product of power and delay(P∗D)achieved a value of 0.0498053 fJ.An improvement at 1 v was also achieved.A load capacitance(fF)was measured at different values,and the average delay measured for different values of capacitance had a maximum of 83.60 ps and a minimum of 22.54 ps,with a range of 61.06 ps.The power dissipations ranged from a minimum of 3.38μW to a maximum of 6.49μW.Based on these results,the use of this CNTFET half-adder design in multiple Boolean circuits will be a useful addition to circuit design.

关键词： Carbon nanotube field effect transistor(CNTFET) multivalued logic(MvL) ternary adder Hewlett simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis(HSPICE) chirality(nm) adder

Interleaved high-gain boost converter powered by solar energy using hybrid-based MPP tracking technique

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Clean Energy 2022年第3期6卷 460-475页

作者： S.Nagaraja Rao Suresh kumar Anisetty B.M.Manjunatha B.M.kiran kumar v.Praveen kumar S.Pranupa MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences Department of Electrical EngineeringBangaloreIndia RGM College of Engineering and Technology(Autonomous) NandyalIndia

This paper presents a solar-powered interleaved high-gain boost converter(IHGBC)that increases voltage gain with fewer ripples in the output voltage in comparison to existing DC-DC converters.The goal of this research is to develop a hybrid-based maximum power point tracking(MPPT)approach with the combination of a flower pollination(FP)algorithm assisted with a perturb&observe(P&O)MPPT approach for solar photovoltaic(SPv)systems integrated with IHGBC.To ensure effective usage of both FP and P&O algorithms,this study incorporates and validates the hybrid-based MPPT approach.The proposed solar-powered IHGBC with a hybrid-based MPPT algorithm has been computationally modelled and simulated using MATLAB®and Simulink®for both uniform and non-uniform irradiation and analysed for voltage gain,ripples in the output waveforms and convergence time.The proposed hybrid-based MPPT is based on a number of flowers that forecast the initial global peak,assisted by P&O in the last stage for faster convergence to attain the maximum power point(MPP).As a result,the hybrid-based MPPT approach alleviates the computational issues encountered in P&O and FP-based MPP approaches.The proposed hybrid MPPT is compared with conventional MPPT for SPv and the results show that the solar-powered IHGBC using a hybrid-based MPPT technique has negligible oscillations of 0.14%with a high-voltage gain of 7.992 and a fast convergence rate of 0.05 seconds compared to individual P&O-based MPPT and FP-based MPPT techniques.The simulation results of the proposed MPPT with IHGBC outperform the conventional MPPT with high-gain converters.

关键词： flower pollination interleaved high-gain boost converter maximum power point tracking technique perturb&observe solar photovoltaic

2.0 Ga orogenic graphite deposits and associated 13C-enriched meta-carbonate rocks from South China Craton:Implications for global Lomagundi event

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第4期13卷 181-192页

作者： Yihe Li Madhusoodhan Satish-kumar Sasidharan kiran Chuanhui Wan Jianping Zheng Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key LaboratoryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceNiigata UniversityNiigata 950-2181Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata UniversityNiigata 950-2181Japan Eighth Geological Brigade of Hubei Xiangyang 441000China School of Earth Sciences State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

The Lomagundi(-Jatuli)event,characterized by extremely high positive global inorganic carbon isotope excursion at about 2.2 billion years ago,is pivotal in investigating the causes and consequences of great oxygenation event,inventory and sequestration of carbon on the Earth’s surface,evolution of life,and more profoundly tectonic control on Earth’s environment.However,the reasons that caused the isotopic excursion are not resolved yet.Herein,we report the discovery of meta-carbonate rocks with distinct positive carbon isotopic excursion from the Paleoproterozoic continental collision zone of the Kongling Complex,South China Craton.The δ^(13)C_(v-PDB) values for meta-carbonate rocks show positive values in the range from+5.5‰to+11.6‰,whereas the δ^(13)C_(v-PDB) values of associated graphite deposits range from-25.8‰to-9.5‰.Zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopes from zircon-bearing meta-carbonate sample yielded weighted average _(207)Pb/_(206)Pb age of 2001.3±9.5 Ma,with correspondingε_(Hf)(t)range from-7.05 to-3.16,comparable to the values of local 2.9–2.6 Ga basement rocks.Geochemical characteristics of meta-carbonate rocks,such as their rare earth element patterns and the trace element parameters of La,Ce,Eu,and Gd anomalies and Y/Ho ratio,suggest that the carbonate deposition took place in passive continental margin in association with large volumes of organic carbon.The extensive graphite deposits from Kongling Complex in South China Craton,their equivalents in the North China Craton and elsewhere across the globe prove that the burial of ^(12)C-enriched organic carbon has eventually resulted in the global enrichment of ^(13)C in the atmospheric CO_(2),which is recorded in the marine carbonate rocks.Isotopic mass balance estimates indicate that more than half of the organic carbon was buried during the oceanic closure.Hence,the observed global shift could be directly related to the continent collision event in greater China,thus resolving the long-standing paradox of the Lomagundi global positive carbon isotope excursion.Mo

关键词： Positive carbon isotope excursion Lomagundi(-Jatuli)event Kongling Complex South China Craton Marine carbonate

Structural,electrical and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite with Nd^(3+) doping

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Rare Metals 2022年第1期41卷 240-245页

作者： Regaty Anitha Reddy Kattepogu Rama Rao Bitra Rajesh Babu Guthikonda kiran kumar Cherukupalli Rajesh Anindita Chatterjee Nadella Krishna Jyothi Department of Physics Koneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationVaddeswaramGunturAndhra Pradesh 522502India Department of Physics Andhra UniversityVisakhapatnamAndhra Pradesh 530003India Department of Physics G.V.P.College of Engineering for WomenVisakhapatnamAndhra Pradesh 530048India Department of Physics Raghu College of Engineering(A)BheemunipatnamVisakhapatnamAndhra Pradesh 531162India Department of Physics Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering(Autonomous)VisakhapatnamAndhra Pradesh 530048India Department of Chemistry Raghu College of Engineering(A)BheemunipatnamVisakhapatnamAndhra Pradesh 531162India

A systematic study on the influence of Nd^(3+) substitution on structural,magnetic and electrical properties of cobalt ferrite nanopowders obtained by sol–gel auto-combustion routewas reported.The formation of spinel phasewas confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD)data,and percolation limit ofNd3?into the spinel lattice was also observed.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)bands observed ≈580 and ≈390 cm^(-1 ) support the presence of Fe^(3+) at A andBsites in the spinel lattice.The variation in microstructure was investigated by scanning electronmicroscopy(SEM),and the average grain size varies from 5.3 to 3.3 lm.The substitution of Nd^(3+) significantly affects the formation of pores and grain size of cobalt ferrite.Room-temperature saturation magnetization and coercivity decrease from 60 to 30 mA·m^(2)·g^(-1) and 19.9–17.8 mT,respectively,with Nd^(3+) substitution increasing.These decreases in magnetic properties are explained based on the presence of non-magnetic nature of Nd^(3+) concentration and the dilution of super-exchange interaction in the spinel lattice.The room-temperature direct-current electrical resistivity increases with Nd^(3+) concentration increasing,which is due to the unavailability of Fe^(2+) at octahedral B sites.

关键词： Co-Nd ferrite Saturation magnetization DC resistivity

Inhibition of protein kinases by anticancer DNA intercalator, 4-butylaminopyrimido[4',5':4,5]thieno(2,3-b)quinoline

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2017年第3期7卷 303-310页

作者： HeggoduG.Rohitkumar Chethan S.kumar Hulihalli N.kiran kumar Gopal M.Advi Rao Department of Biochemistry Davangere UniversityShivagangotriTholahunaseDavangere 577002India SS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre JnanashankaraDavangere 577005India

Targeting protein kinases(PKs) has been a promising strategy in treating cancer, as PKs are key regulators of cell survival and proliferation. Here in this study, we studied the ability of pyrimido[4',5':4,5]thieno(2,3-b)quinolines(PTQ) to inhibit different PKs by performing computational docking and in vitro screening. Docking studies revealed that 4-butylaminopyrimido[4',5':4,5]thieno(2,3-b)quinoline(BPTQ) has a higher order of interaction with the kinase receptors than other PTQ derivatives.In vitro screening confirms that BPTQ inhibits vEGFR1 and CHK2, with the IC_(50) values of 0.54 and1.70 mmol/L, respectively. Further, cytotoxicity of BPTQ was measured by trypan blue assay. Treatment with BPTQ decreased the proliferation of HL-60 cells with an IC_(50) value of 12 mmol/L and induces apoptosis, as explicated by the fall in the mitochondrial membrane potential, annexin v labeling and increased expression of caspase-3. Taken together, these data suggest that BPTQ possess ability to inhibit PKs and to induce cell death in human promyelocytic leukemia cells.

关键词： DNA intercalator Molecular docking Kinase inhibitor Anticancer drugs Apoptosis Chemotherapy

Fabrication, Characterization and Machining of Al6061 Reinforced with Red Mud Composite

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2022年第1期10卷 28-42页

作者： Poorna Chandra v. Ravi kumar R. kiran D. v. Ravi kumar C. R. Prakash Rao R. Suresh Department of Mechanical Engineering Global Academy of Technology Bengaluru India Department of Industrial & Automation Engineering VTU PG Centre Mysuru India

The Metal Matrix Composites application has increased in many areas of science and technology, because of its additional physical, wear and mechanical properties. In comparison with all MMC’s, aluminum-based MMC’s are finding wide applications due to their better strength to weight ratio, better stiffness, and high thermal conductivity as well as very good wear and corrosion properties. The properties of a composite mainly depend on better distribution of reinforcement in the matrix, which is very difficult to achieve. Basically Redmud is a byproduct of alumina, and it is waste product obtained during Bayer’s process. This waste product must be recycled else it may be dangerous to the environment. Redmud can be used as reinforcement for aluminium composites in order to achieve better properties. The proposed research work includes preparation of Aluminum 6061-Red mud metal matrix composites using liquid metallurgy route following stir casting technique. An alloy Al6061 containing 0.60 percent silicon and Magnesium of 0.82 percent was used as the matrix material. Two different compositions of the Aluminum 6061-Red mud composites are prepared in addition to the base matrix and evaluated for mechanical properties also the force acting on the cutting tool at different spindle speeds during machining of the composite materials were analyzed.

关键词： Al6061 Redmud Machining MMC’s Cutting Force Measurement

Biomass production from microalgae Chlorella grown in sewage,kitchen wastewater using industrial CO_(2)emissions:Comparative study

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2019年第2期2卷 126-133页

作者： P.kiran kumar S.vijaya Krishna S.Swami Naidu Kavita verma D.Bhagawan v.Himabindu Centre for Alternative Energy Options Institute of Science and TechnologyJawaharlal Nehru Technological University HyderabadKukatpallyHyderabad 500085TelanganaIndia Centre for Biotechnology Institute of Science and TechnologyJawaharlal Nehru Technological University HyderabadKukatpallyHyderabad 500085TelanganaIndia

Microalgae cultivation using organic wastewater like kitchen wastewater(KWW)and sewage wastewater(SWW)are recommended for wastewater treatment along with simultaneous biomass production which is a cost effective strategy.KWW is rich in nutrients which might be an efficient wastewater feedstock for microalgae cultivation to achieve reasonably high biomass yield for energy generation.KWW has not been investigated extensively for microalgae cultivation till now because of high concentration of ammonia as it could inhibit algae growth.In order to make KWW suitable for microalgae growth,a common method is to dilute with water.Hence,in the present study,KWW was diluted with water at dilution ration 1:1 and compared with SWW for microalgae biomass growth,biomass yields and nutrient removal efficiency specifically using Chlorella.Both KWW and SWW showed highest biomass productivity in mixotrophic cultivation mode.The average biomass productivity in SWW was 0.6 g/L which was higher when compared to KWW.Fourier infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)of algal biomass revealed the presence of certain organic compound groups such as eOH,eCOOH,NH_(2),and ■O.It was concluded from the results that Chlorella was very effective in the treatment of KWW,SWW and industrial flue gas on the other hand the biomass obtained is a sustainable green energy source for biofuels.

关键词： Kitchen wastewater(KWW) Sewage wastewater(SWW) Flue gas Microalgae Chlorella

Early results of circularity and centration of capsulotomy prepared by three different methods

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第1期14卷 76-82页

作者： Jagadesh C.Reddy Soumya Devta kiran kumar vupparaboina Mohammad Hasnat Ali Pravin K.vaddavalli Cataract and Refractive Services Cornea InstituteL V Prasad Eye Institute(LVPEI)Hyderabad 500034India Senior Scientific Officer Srujana Centre for InnovationL V Prasad Eye Institute(LVPEI)Hyderabad 500034India Biostatistician Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsL V Prasad Eye Institute(LVPEI)Hyderabad 500034India

AIM:To compare the difference of capsulotomy produced by precision pulse capsulotomy(PPC),manual(M-CCC),and femtosecond laser assisted capsulotomy(FLAC)in relation to intraocular lens(IOL)centration,circularity and its effect on visual outcomes.METHODS:Prospective,non-randomized comparative study conducted at Lv Prasad Eye Institute,Hyderabad,India.Sixty eyes of 52 patients were grouped into 3(FLAC,PPC and M-CCC)based on capsulotomy techniques used.Twenty consecutive eyes with uneventful phacoemulsification and with no comorbidities affecting the capsulotomy or visual outcome were included in each group.The main outcome measure was IOL centration in relation to capsulotomy and pupil.Secondary outcome measures were post-operative visual acuity,manifest refraction and aberration profile between groups.RESULTS:At 5 wk the visual,refractive outcomes and endothelial cell density were comparable between the 3 groups.The median circularity index of FLAC was statistically significantly different to M-CCC or PPC(1-10)groups(Pvision parameters like the higher order aberrations,spherical aberration,coma,trefoil,modular transfer function,and Strehl ratio were comparable between the groups.CONCLUSION:Our study shows that despite differences in the morphology of capsulotomy produced by PPC,M-CCC,FLAC a well-centered IOL can be achieved.The measured capsular morphology parameters do not affect visual outcomes.

关键词： phacoemulsification capsulotomy intraocular lens centration precision pulse capsulotomy femtosecond laser assisted capsulotomy

Design of current mirror integration ROIC for snapshot mode operation

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Journal of Semiconductors 2016年第10期37卷 68-74页

作者： Hari Shanker Gupta A S kiran kumar M.Shojaei Baghini Subhananda Chakrabarti Sanjeev Mehta Arup Roy Chowdhury Dinesh K Sharma Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India Space Applications Centre Jodhpur Tekra Ahmedabad India

Current mirror integration（CMI） read out integrated circuit（ROIC） topology provides a low input impedance to photo-detectors and provides large injection efficiency, large charge handling capacity and snapshot mode operation without in-pixel opamps. The ROIC described in this paper has been implemented with a modified current mirror circuit, with matched PMOS pairs for detector input stage and its biasing. The readout circuit has been designed for 30×30μm^2 pixel size, 4×4 array size, variable frame rate, 5 Me charga pixel per second（Mpps）.Experimental performance of the test chip has achieved 15 Me charge handling capacity, a high dynamic range of83 dB, 99.8% linearity and 99.96% injection efficiency. The ROIC design has been fabricated in 3.3 v 1P6 MUMC180 nm CMOS process and tested up to 5 MHz pixel rate at room and at cryogenic temperature.

关键词： pixel pitch readout integrated circuit （ROIC） cryogenics snapshot FPA IR detectors