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PacBio Sequencing and Its Applications

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2015年第5期13卷 278-289页

作者： Anthony Rhoads kin fai Au Department of Biostatistics University of Iowa Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa

Single-molecule, real-time sequencing developed by Pacific BioSciences offers longer read lengths than the second-generation sequencing （SGS） technologies, making it well-suited for unsolved problems in genome, transcriptome, and epigenetics research. The highly-contiguous de novo assemblies using PacBio sequencing can close gaps in current reference assemblies and characterize structural variation （SV） in personal genomes. With longer reads, we can sequence through extended repetitive regions and detect mutations, many of which are associated with dis- eases. Moreover, PacBio transcriptome sequencing is advantageous for the identification of gene isoforms and facilitates reliable discoveries of novel genes and novel isoforms of annotated genes, due to its ability to sequence full-length transcripts or fragments with significant lengths. Addition- ally, PacBio＇s sequencing technique provides information that is useful for the direct detection of base modifications, such as methylation. In addition to using PacBio sequencing alone, many hybrid sequencing strategies have been developed to make use of more accurate short reads in conjunction with PacBio long reads. In general, hybrid sequencing strategies are more affordable and scalable especially for small-size laboratories than using PacBio Sequencing alone. The advent of PacBio sequencing has made available much information that could not be obtained via SGS alone.

关键词： Third-generation sequencing De novo assembly Gene isoform detection Methylation Hybrid sequencing

A novel coordinated control for NZEB clusters to minimize their connected grid overvoltage risks

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Building Simulation 2022年第10期15卷 1831-1848页

作者： Yelin Zhang Norman Chung fai tse Haoshan Ren Yongjun Sun Division of Building Science and Technology City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina

The increasing applications of net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs) will lead to more frequent and larger energy interactions with the connected power grid, thereby being able to result in severe grid overvoltage risks. Control optimization has been proven effective to reduce such risks. Existing controls have oversimplified the overvoltage quantification by simply using the aggregated power exchanges to represent the connected grid overvoltages. Ignoring the complex voltage influences among the grid nodes, such oversimplification can easily result in low-accuracy impact evaluations of the NZEB-grid energy interactions, thereby causing non-optimal/unsatisfying overvoltage mitigations. Therefore, this study proposes a novel coordinated control method in which a power-distribution-network model has been adopted for more accurate overvoltage quantification. Meanwhile, the battery operations of individual NZEBs are iteratively coordinated using a sequential optimization approach for achieving the global optimum with substantially reduced computation complexity. For verifications, the proposed coordinated control has been systematically compared with an uncoordinated control and a conventional coordinated control in grid overvoltage minimization. The study results show that the overvoltage improvements can reach 23.5% and 12.3% compared with the uncoordinated control and the conventional coordinated control, respectively. The reasons behind the improvements have also been analyzed in detail. The proposed coordinated control can be used in practice to improve NZEB-clusters’ grid friendliness.

关键词： net-zero energy building coordinated control optimization,genetic algorithm overvoltage quantification grid friendliness

Entrepreneurship Measurement and Comparison:Holistic Acceptability Global Entrepreneurship Index

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2020年第6期33卷 1959-1979页

作者： SONG Lianlian LAI kin Keung TSO Kwok fai Geoffrey YEN Jerome Department of Business Management Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China College of Economics Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Department of Management Science City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Faculty of Science and'Technology University of MacaoMacaoChina

The Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute annually publishes the Global Entrepreneurship Index(GEI)to show entrepreneurship of each country/*** GEI is obtained by averaging the scores of three sub-indexes,entrepreneurial attitudes,entrepreneurial abilities and Entrepreneurial ***,this GEI construction method with equal weights for three subindexes may be controversial,since the relative importance among the three sub-indexes may vary across countries and areas due to economic and social/cultural *** study comprehensively considers all possible weights,and formulates an interval entrepreneurship evaluation *** the Stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis,the authors build an improved GEI,which the authors term the Holistic Acceptability Global Entrepreneurship *** method differs from the conventional wisdom that assigns exact values to corresponding weights,but explores a weight space considering all possible weight ***,the proposed method is confirmed using an empirical study measuring and comparing the entrepreneurship of the top 20 countries and areas in terms of 2017 GEI.

关键词： Entrepreneurship entrepreneurship evaluation matrix global entrepreneurship index stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis

Clinical results of radical prostatectomy for patients with prostate cancer in Macao

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Chinese Medical Journal 2008年第4期121卷 295-298页

作者： Ho Son-fat Lao Hio-fai Li kin tse Men-kin Department of Urology Centro Hospitalar Conde de Sáo Januário Macao Special Administrative Region China

Background Incidence of prostate cancer has been increasing in recent decades. In the year 2005, prostate cancer became the second most common cancer in males in Macao. The purpose of this report was to review and summarize the clinical features and prognosis of the 54 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy in Macao Special Administrative Region （SAR）, China.Methods From November 2000 to November 2006, retropubic radical prostatectomy were performed in 54 cases for the treatment of prostate cancer. The mean age of patients was 69.8 years （range from 54 to 79）. The preoperative prostate specific antigen （PSA） level, postoperative pathologic stage and Gleason＇s score, operation duration, intraoperative bleeding and intraoperative and postoperative complications were reported. The follow-up duration was 3 months to 6.25 years with a mean of 2.1 years. Postoperative parameters including PSA alteration, biochemical recurrence, local recurrence, distant metastasis and mortality were observed.Results Most of the patients in our study were diagnosed as localized prostate cancer. The patients＇ preoperative serum PSA was 0-4.0 ng/ml （16.7%）, 4.0-10.0 ng/ml （51.8%）, 10.1-20.0 ng/ml （24.1%） and above 20.0 ng/ml （7.4%）. The TNM stage T1a ＋ T1b comprised 7.6% of patients, stage T2a ＋ T2b comprised 20.3%, stage T2c 38.9%, stage T3a 20.3% and over T3a only 12.9%. There were 9.5% cases with Gleason scores of 2-4, 41.5% with scores of 5-6, 30.2% with scores of 7 and 18.8% with scores of 8-10. The average operative duration was 216 minutes and the average intraoperative bleeding was 760 ml. Intraoperative complications included one massive hemorrhage （1.9%）, one rectal injury （1.9%） and one obturator nerve injury （1.9%）. Early postoperative complications consisted of urinary incontinence （14 cases, 25.9%）, bladder neck stricture （5 cases, 9.3%）, acute urinary retention （4 cases, 7.4%）, pelvic effusion （2 cases, 3.8%）, lymphocele （1 case, 1.9%） and vesicorectal fistula （only 1 c

关键词： prostate cancer prostate specific antigen radical prostatectomy

Characterization of a smog chamber for studying formation of gas-phase products and secondary organic aerosol

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 570-582页

作者： Qi Yuan Zhuozhi Zhang Meng Wang kin fai Ho Tao Wang Shuncheng Lee Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina

Smog chambers provide a potent approach to explore the secondary organic aerosol formation under varied *** study describes the construction and characterization of a new smog chamber facility for studying the formation mechanisms of gas-phase products and secondary organic aerosol from the photooxidation of volatile organic *** chamber is a 5.4 m^(3) Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene(FEP)Teflon reactor with the potential to perform photooxidation experiments at controlled temperature and relative *** characterizations were conducted for evaluation of stability of environmental parameters,mixing time,background contamination,light intensity,and wall losses of gases and *** photolysis rate of NO_(2)(J_(NO2))ranged from(1.02-3.32)×10^(-3)sec^(-1),comparable to the average J_(NO2)in ambient *** wall loss rates for NO,NO_(2),and O_(3)were 0.47×10^(-4),0.37×10^(-4),and 1.17×10^(-4)min^(-1),while wall loss of toluene was obsoletely found in a 6 hr *** particle number wall loss rates are(0.01-2.46)×10^(-3)min^(-1)for 40-350 nm with an average lifetime of more than one day.A series of toluene photooxidation experiments were carried out in absence of NO_xunder dry *** results of the simulation experiments demonstrated that the chamber is well designed to simulate photolysis progress in the atmosphere.

关键词： Smog chamber Gas-phase oxidation Chamber characterization Chemical mechanism

Effect of chemical composition of PM_(2.5) on visibility in Guangzhou,China,2007 spring

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Particuology 2009年第1期7卷 68-75页

作者： Jun Tao kin-fai Ho Laiguo Chen Lihua Zhu Jinglei Han Zhencheng Xu South China Institute of Environmental Sciences SEPA Guangzhou 510655 China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China

The object of this study was to investigate the correlation of visibility with chemical composition of PM2.5 in Guangzhou. In April 2007, 28 PM2.5 samples were collected daily at the monitoring station of the South China Institute of Environmental Sciences （SCIES）, in urban Guangzhou. Water-soluble ionic species （CI^-, NO3^-, SO4^2-, NH4^＋, K^＋, Na^＋, Ca^2＋, and Mg^2＋） and carbonaceous contents （OC and EC） of the PM2.5 samples were determined to characterize their impact on visibility impairment. The results showed that sulfate was the dominant species that affected both light scattering and visibility. The average percentage contributions of the visibility-degrading species to light scattering coefficient were 40% for sulfate, 16% for nitrate, 22% for organics, and 22% for elemental carbon. Because of its foremost effect on visibility, sulfate reduction in PM2.5 would effectively improve the visibility of Guangzhou.

关键词： Visibility PM2.5 Carbonaceous aerosols Water-soluble ions

Modulation of morphological changes of microglia and neuroprotection by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in experimental glaucoma

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2010年第1期7卷 61-68页

作者： kin Chiu Sze-Chun Yeung Kwok-fai So Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases Department of AnatomyUniversity of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences University of HongKongPokfulamHongKongChina Research Centre of Heart BrainHormone and Healthy AgingLiKa Shing Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)/CCL2 is a C–C chemokine involved in the activation and recruitment of monocytic cells to injury ***-1/CCL2 can induce either neuroprotection or neurodestruction in vitro,depending on the experimental *** aim to use MCP-1/CCL2 as an experimental tool to investigate the morphological changes of microglia when loss of healthy retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)is exacerbated or attenuated in an experimental glaucoma *** a high concentration(1000 ng)of MCP-1/CCL2 and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-exacerbated RGC loss,100 ng MCP-1/CCL2 provided neuroprotection towards *** MCP-1/CCL2(100 ng)also upregulated insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)immunoreactivity in the *** neuroprotective effect of MCP-1/CCL2 was not due to the massiveinfiltration of microglia/*** together,this is the first report showing that an appropriate amount of MCP-1/CCL2 can protect RGCs in experimental glaucoma.

关键词： glaucoma IGF-1 MCP-1/CCL2 microglia neuroprotection

Successful conservative management of Class III iatrogenic aortic dissection

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2018年第3期15卷 235-237页

作者： Wai kin Chi Gary tse Bryan PY Yan Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Division of Cardiology Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin Hong Kong China Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Iatrogenic aortic dissection （IAD） is a rare complication of percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） with an estimated incidence of 0.02%--0.04%. lAD occurs more frequently in the setting of urgent PCI for acute myocardial infarction （AMI）（0.19%） than for elective procedures （0.01%）.[11 The mortality risk associated with IAD is high （16%） and is comparable to that for spontaneous aortic dissection （16%）.Urgent surgery is the treatment of choice for extensive dissection or hemodynamic instability. In this report, we present a case of severe IAD that was managed conservatively with good clinical outcome.

关键词： Conservative management Iatrogenic aortic dissection Percutaneous coronary intervention

Characterizing ionic species in PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) in four Pearl River Delta cities,South China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第8期19卷 939-947页

作者： LAI Sen-chao ZOU Shi-chun CAO Jun-ji LEE Shun-cheng HO kin-fai School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China. Department of Civil and Structural Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi＇ an 710075 China

PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected at four major cities in the Pearl River Delta （PRD）, South China, during winter and summer in 2002. Six water-soluble ions, Na^＋, NH4＋, K^＋, Cl^-, NO3^- and SO4^2- were measured using ion chromatography. On average, ionic species accounted for 53.3% and 40.5% for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively in winter and 39.4% and 35.2%, respectively in summer. Secondary ions such as sulfate, nitrate and ammonium accounted for the major part of the total ionic species. Sulfate was the most abundant species followed by nitrate. Overall, a regional pollution tendency was shown that there were higher concentrations of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium in Guangzhou City than those in the other PRD cities. Significant seasonal variations were also observed with higher levels of species in winter but lower in summer. The Asian monsoon system was favorable for removal and diffusion of air pollutants in PRD in summer while highly loading of local industrial emissions tended to deteriorate the air quality as well. NO3^-/SO4^2- ratio indicated that mobile sources have considerably contribution to the urban aerosol, and stationary sources should not be neglected. Besides the primary emissions, complex atmospheric reactions under favorable weather conditions should be paid more attention for the control of primary emission in the PRD region.

关键词： water-soluble ions seasonal and spatial variations Pearl River Delta