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Improved Growth and Stress Tolerance in the Arabidopsis oxtl Mutant Triggered by Altered Adenine Metabolism

Molecular Plant 2012年第6期5卷 1310-1332页

作者： Suchada Sukrong kil-young yun Patrizia Stadler Charan Kumar Tony Facciuolo Barbara A.Moffatt Deane L.Falconec Department of Plant and Soil Science University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40546USA Present address:Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand Department of Biological Sciences University of MassachusettsOne University AvenueLowellMA 01854USA Present address:Fungi and Plant Co.Ltd Chungcheongbuk-doRepublic of Korea Department of Biology University of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada

Plants perceive and respond to environmental stresses with complex mechanisms that are often associ- ated with the activation of antioxidant defenses. A genetic screen aimed at isolating oxidative stress-tolerant lines of Arabidopsis thaliana has identified oxtl, a line that exhibits improved tolerance to oxidative stress and elevated temperature but displays no apparent deleterious growth effects under non-stress conditions. Oxtl harbors a muta- tion that arises from the altered expression of a gene encoding adenine phosphoribosyltransferase （APT1）, an enzyme that converts adenine to adenosine monophosphate （AMP）, indicating a link between purine metabolism, whole-plant growth responses, and stress acclimation. The oxtl mutation results in decreased APT1 expression that leads to reduced enzymatic activity. Correspondingly, oxtl plants possess elevated levels of adenine. Decreased APT enzyme activity dir- ectly correlates with stress resistance in transgenic lines that ectopically express APT1. The metabolic alteration in oxtl plants also alters the expression of several antioxidant defense genes and the response of these genes to oxidative chal- lenge. Finally, it is shown that manipulation of adenine levels can induce stress tolerance to wild-type plants. Collectively, these results show that alterations in cellular adenine levels can trigger stress tolerance and improve growth, leading to increases in plant biomass. The results also suggest that adenine might play a part in the signals that modulate responses to abiotic stress and plant growth.

关键词： abiotic/oxidative environmental stress acclimation priming purine signaling salvage pathway thermotolerance.

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Optimal Center-of-Mass Pivot Effect of Spinal Motion in Feline Galloping

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第5期17卷 970-977页

作者： young Kook Kim Dongwon yun LV R&D team Electro-technology R&D CenterLS ELECTRIC Co.LtdCheongju 28437South Korea Department of Robotics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu 42988South Korea

In this paper,we studied the acceleration behavior of a quadruped animal during a galloping *** the development of many quadruped robotic systems has been focused on dynamic movements,it is obvious that guidance from the dynamic behavior of quadruped animals is needed for robotics *** fulfill this demand,this paper deals with analysis of the galloping motions of a domestic cat,which is well known for its excellent acceleration performance among four-legged *** on the planar motion capture environment,the movement data of a galloping feline was acquired and the dynamic motions were estimated using a spring-mass *** particular,the effects of the position and angle of the center-of-mass of the cat,angular displacement of the spine,and angular velocity of the spine were analyzed and are discussed *** this process,it was possible to understand the dynamic movement characteristics of the cat,and to understand the relationships between,and the influences of,these *** this analysis,we provide significant data applicable to the design of joint movements in quadruped robot systems.

关键词： quadrupedalism feline galloping domestic cat center-of-mass

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Integrated transcriptome analysis for the hepatic and jejunal mucosa tissues of broiler chickens raised under heat stress conditions

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1768-1784页

作者： Deok yun Kim Byeonghwi Lim Jun-Mo Kim Dong Yong kil Department of Animal Science and Technology Chung-Ang UniversityAnseong-siGyeonggi-do 17546Republic of Korea

Background:Heat stress(HS)is one of the most important threats for the current poultry ***,many efforts have been made to ameliorate the adverse effect of HS on poultry production;however,physiological and molecular mechanisms pertaining to HS are still limited in ***,the objective of the current study was to investigate functional alterations based on individual and integrated transcriptomes in the liver and jejunal mucosa tissues of broiler chickens exposed to HS ***:Broiler chickens exposed to HS showed decreased growth performance and increased corticosterone concentrations in the *** the transcriptome analysis,the number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in the liver and jejunal mucosa by HS *** the liver,genes related to amino acid oxidation,tryptophan metabolism,lipid metabolism,oxidative phosphorylation,and immune responses were altered by HS,which support the reason why heat-stressed poultry had decreased productive *** the jejunal mucosa,genes related to defense systems,glutathione metabolism,detoxification of xenobiotics,and immune responses were differently expressed by HS *** integrated transcriptome analysis with DEGs found in the liver and jejunal mucosa showed a considerable connectivity between the core nodes in the constructed networks,which includes glutathione metabolism,xenobiotic metabolism,carbon metabolism,and several amino acid ***:The core network analysis may indicate that increased requirement of energy and amino acids in the jejunal mucosa of broiler chickens exposed to HS conditions is likely compromised by increased oxidation and synthesis of amino acids in the ***,our results may provide comprehensive insights for molecular and metabolic alterations of broiler chickens raised under HS conditions,which can aid in the development of the novel strategies to ameliorate the negative effect of HS on poultry

关键词： Broiler chicken Heat stress Jejunal mucosa Liver Transcriptome

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Crushing behavior of lightmass structural member

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2009年第B9期19卷 276-279页

作者： kil-Sung LEE Yong-June YANG Woo-Chae HWANG In-young YANG Department of Mechatronics Chosun University of Science and Technology Department of Advanced Part and Materials Engineering Chosun University Department of Mechanical Design Engineering Chosun University

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) of the advanced composite materials is widely used in lightmass structural materials of air planes, ship and automobiles because of high strength and stiffness. In this study, experimental investigation was performed for each specimen. The square section members consist of aluminum, CFRP and hybrid (aluminum/CFRP) member, and hat-shaped section members consist of CFRP and hybrid (aluminum/CFRP) members specimen. Based on the collapse characteristics of aluminum square section member, the collapse characteristics and energy absorption capability of hat-shaped section members were analyzed. The axial static collapse tests were carried out for each section member. The collapse modes and the energy absorption capability of the members were analyzed. In the lightmass design aspect, the collapse characteristics and energy absorption capability of the members were compared.

关键词：碳纤维增强复合材料碳纤维复合材料能量吸收能力行为构件破碎航空飞机 CFRP

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Evidence of Specific MJO Phase Occurrence with Summertime California Central Valley Extreme Hot Weather

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第6期36卷 589-602页

作者： yun-young LEE Richard GROTJAHN Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Climate Center Department of Land Air and Water Resources University of California

This study examines associations between California Central Valley(CCV) heat waves and the Madden Julian Oscillation(MJO). These heat waves have major economic impact. Our prior work showed that CCV heat waves are frequently preceded by convection over the tropical Indian and eastern Pacific oceans, in patterns identifiable with MJO phases. The main analysis method is lagged composites(formed after each MJO phase pair) of CCV synoptic station temperature, outgoing longwave radiation(OLR), and velocity potential(VP). Over the CCV, positive temperature anomalies occur only after the Indian Ocean(phases 2-3) or eastern Pacific Ocean(phases 8-1) convection(implied by OLR and VP fields). The largest fractions of CCV hot days occur in the two weeks after onset of those two phase pairs. OLR and VP composites have significant subsidence and convergence above divergence over the CCV during heat waves, and these structures are each part of larger patterns having significant areas over the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Prior studies showed that CCV heat waves can be roughly grouped into two clusters: Cluster 2 is preceded by a heat wave over northwestern North America, while Cluster 1 is not. OLR and VP composite analyses are applied separately to these two clusters. However, for Cluster 2, the subsidence and VP over the CCV are not significant, and the large-scale VP pattern has low correlation with the MJO lagged composite field. Therefore, the association between the MJO convection and subsequent CCV heat wave is more evident in Cluster 1 than Cluster 2.

关键词： MJO heat wave large-scale meteorological pattern extratropical response tropical convection

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Virtual Mold Technique in Thermal Stress Analysis during Casting Process

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2008年第3期24卷 359-363页

作者： Si-young Kwak Jae-Wook Baek Jeong-Ho Nam Jeong-kil Choi E-Design Center Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Department of Virtual Engineering Korea University of Science & Technology

It is important to analyse the casting product and the mold at the same time considering thermal contraction of the casting and thermal expansion of the mold. The analysis considering contact of the casting and the mold induces the precise prediction of stress distribution and the defect such as hot tearing. But it is difficult to generate FEM mesh for the interface of the casting and the mold. Moreover the mesh for the mold domain spends lots of computational time and memory for the analysis due to a number of meshes. Consequently we proposed the virtual mold technique which only uses mesh of the casting part for thermal stress analysis in casting process. The spring bar element in virtual mold technique is used to consider the contact of the casting and the mold. In general, a volume of the mold is much bigger than that of casting part, so the proposed technique decreases the number of mesh and saves the computational memory and time greatly. In this study, the proposed technique was verified by the comparison with the traditional contact technique on a specimen. And the proposed technique gave satisfactory results.

关键词： Casting process Thermal stress analysis Virtual mold

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Impact analysis of casting parts considering shrinkage cavity defect

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China Foundry 2011年第1期8卷 112-116页

作者： Si-young Kwak Jie Cheng Jeong-kil Choi Center for e-Design Korea Institute of lndustrial Technology Incheon 406-800 Korea Department of Virtual Engineering School of Engineering Korea University of Science ＆ Technology Daejeon Korea

Shrinkage cavity may be detrimental to mechanical performances of casting *** a consequence,design engineers often use overly large safety factors in many designs due to insufficient understanding of quantitative effects of shrinkage cavity *** this paper,process of Al alloy wheel impact test was computationally analyzed for both the wheel models with and without shrinkage cavity *** on shrinkage cavity data obtained from industrial CT (Computerized Tomography),the shrinkage cavity defects were modeled with SSM (Shape Simplification Method),which reconstructs shrinkage cavity defects to hollow spheroid *** the impact simulation was conducted,the results show that under impact test condition,the wheel considering shrinkage cavity defects may fracture while the sound-assumed wheel may not.

关键词： casting shrinkage cavity defect impact computational analysis Al alloy wheel

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ENERGY ABSORPTION CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS OF AL THIN-WALLED TUBES UNDER IMPACT LOAD

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2008年第4期21卷 383-388页

作者： kil-Stmg Lee Yong-Jun Yang Sun-Kyu Kim In-young Yang Department of Mechanical Design Engineering Chostrn University 375 Seosuk-dong Dong-gu Gwangju 501-759 Korea Department of Advanced Parts and Materials Engineering Graduate School Chosun University 375 Seosuk-dong Dong-gu Gwangju 501-759 Korea Department of Automobile Engineering Iksan National College 194-5 Ma-dong Iksan Chonbuk 570-752 Korea

An experimental investigation was carried out to study the energy absorption characteristics of thin-walled square tubes subjected to dynamic crushing by impact loading to develop the optimum structural members. Here, the controller is introduced to improve and control the absorbed energy of thin-walled square tubes in this paper. When the controller were used, the experimental results of crushing of square tubes controlled by the controller＇s elements showed a good candidate for a controllable energy absorption capability in impact crushing.

关键词： impact load Al thin-walled tubes energy absorption controller

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Multiple actions of lysophosphatidylcholine in human Jurkat T cells

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2006年第6期27卷 700-707页

作者： young-jinIM yun-kyungLEE Hae-young CHUNG Dong-soon IM Laboratories of Pharmacology Busan 609-735 Korea Aging Biochemistry College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug DevelopmentPusan National UniversityBusan 609-735Korea

Aim:To obtain pathophysiological meanings of lysophosphatidylcholine（LPC）through the investigation of the effects of LPC in Jurkat T ***:Wemeasured ROS generation,[Ca2+]i,and mitochondrial membrane potential（MMP）by fluorescent spectrometry in Jurkat,T ***:We observed that LPCsignificantly increased the reactive oxygen species（ROS）level in human Jurkat *** structurally-related lysolipids and eleven synthetic LPCs with dif-ferent acyl chain lengths,palmitoyl LPC increased ROS to the highest level,α-Tocopherol,an antioxidant,and rottlerin PKCδ inhibitor were inhibitory effects onLPC-induced ROS *** rapidly depolarized MMP and markedly el-evated [Ca2+]iby Ca2+influx across the plasma ***,LPC-inducedROS increase seemed to not be related with LPC-induced depolarization of MMPor [Ca2+]iincrease.G2A family G protein-coupled receptors（GPCR）for lysolipidswere expressed in Jurkat T cells,however,evidence indicated that GPCR was notinvolved in LPC ***:LPC induced several cellular changes inJurkat T cells,including an increase of ROS generation in a PKCδ-dependent andGPCR-independent manner,increase of [Ca2+]ithrough Ca2+influx,and decreaseof ***-induced actions in Jurkat T cells represent novel action modes ofLPC that do not involve GPCR and multiple independent changes of intracellularsignaling molecules.

关键词： lysophosphatidylcholine reactive oxygen species calcium protein kinase C mitochondrial membrane potential

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Amelioration effects of traditional Chinese medicine on alcohol-induced fatty liver

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第35期11卷 5512-5516页

作者： Hyun-Jeong Kwon yun-young Kim Se-young Choung Department of Hygienic Chemistry College of Pharmacy Kyung Hee University Seoul 130-701 South Korea

AIM： To examine the effects of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） on alcohol-induced fatty liver in rats. TCM consists of Astragalus membranaceus, Morus alba, Crataegus pinnatifida, Alisma orientale, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Pueraria lobata. METHODS： The rats were separated randomly into five groups. One （the CD group） was fed a control diet for 10 wk, another （the ED group） fed an ethanol-containing isocaloric liquid diet for 10 wk, and the last three （the TCM group） were fed an ethanol-containing isocaloric liquid diet for 10 wk and dosed orally with TCM （222 mg/kg.d, TCM222; 667 mg/kg·d, TCM667; and 2 000 mg/kg.d, TCM2000, respectively） weekly during the last 4 wk. RESULTS： ED group developed fatty liver according to lipid profile and liver histological findings. Compared with the control group, liver/body weight, serum triglyceride （TG） and total cholesterol （TC）, liver TG and TC, serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartic aminotransferase （AST） significantly increased in the ED group. Whereas, in the rats administered with TCM, liver/body weight, serum TG and TC, liver TG and TC, serum ALT and AST were significantly decreased, and the degree of hepatic lipid droplets was markedly improved compared with those in the ED group. CONCLUSION： TCM treatment causes significant reduction in alcohol-induced lipid hepatic accumulation, reversing fatty liver and liver damage, and can be used as a remedy for alcoholic fatty liver.

关键词： Fatty liver Alcohol Astragalus membranaceus,Horus alba Crataegus pinnatifida Alisma orientale Salvia miltiorrhiza Pueraria Iobata

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