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Pore Characteristics of the Fine-Grained Tight Reservoirs in the Yabulai Basin, Northwestern China

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第3期92卷 1170-1192页

作者： ZHANG Shaomin CAO Yingchang Jens JAHREN ZHU Rukai MAO Zhiguo XI Kelai kashif muhammad Helge HELLEVANG School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 Shandong China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071 Shandong China Department of Geosciences University of Oslo Blindern 0316 Oslo Norway Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development Beijing 100083 China

This work investigated the pore structure characteristics and reservoir features of the finegrained tight reservoirs in the lower member of the Xinhe Formation(J2x1) in the Xiaohu subsag,Yabulai Basin based on core samples through various techniques. Interbedded silt/fine sandstones and mudstones are developed in the study area. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images were used to delineate different types of pores, including primary intergranular pores, secondary intergranular and intragranular pores, organic pores and fractures. The pore types were distinguished by pore size, pore area, location and formation process. The pore radii of the fine-grained rocks range from 1 nm to 1.55μm, mainly concentrated between 5 and 300 nm by low pressure N2adsorption and MICP analyses. The pore structure parameters of pore throat size and pore throat sorting coefficient are both positively correlated with porosity, while pore throat sorting coefficient has a negative correlation with permeability. The pore structures of the studied samples are much related to the mineral type and content and grain size, followed by TOC content. In these rocks with relatively low TOC and low maturity, the rigid minerals protect pores with pressure shadow from collapse, and dissolution-related pores contribute a lot to inorganic porosity. In contrast, these rocks with abundant TOC contain a large number of organic pores. The permeability of the fine-grained tight reservoir is mainly dominated by larger pore throats, while a large number of small pores(mostly <0.1 μm) contribute considerably to porosity. These results have deepened our understanding of the interbedded fine-grained tight reservoirs and can be applicable to fine-grained reservoirs in a similar setting.

关键词： pore characteristics reservoir property fine-grained tight reservoirs Xinhe Formation Yabulai Basin China

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CNR:A Cluster-Based Solution for Connectivity Restoration for Mobile WSNs

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第12期69卷 3413-3427页

作者： Mahmood ul Hassan Amin Al-Awady Khalid Mahmood Shahzad Ali Ibrahim Algamdi muhammad kashif Saeed Safdar Zaman Department of Computer Skills Najran UniversityNajran66241Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Science and ArtsKing Khalid UniversityMahayil Asir63317Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Jouf UniversityTabarjal76769Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Community College Mahayil AsirKing Khalid UniversityMahayil63317Saudi Arabia Federal Directorate of Education Department of Computer ScienceIslamabad44000Pakistan

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)are an integral part of the Internet of Things(IoT)and are widely used in a plethora of ***,sensor networks operate in harsh environments where human intervention is often restricted,which makes battery replacement for sensor nodes *** failure due to battery drainage or harsh environmental conditions poses serious challenges to the connectivity of the *** a connectivity restoration mechanism,node failures ultimately lead to a network partition,which affects the basic function of the sensor ***,the research community actively concentrates on addressing and solving the challenges associated with connectivity restoration in sensor *** energy is a scarce resource in sensor networks,it becomes the focus of research,and researchers strive to propose new solutions that are energy *** common issue that is well studied and considered is how to increase the network’s life span by solving the node failure problem and achieving efficient energy *** paper introduces a Clusterbased Node Recovery(CNR)connectivity restoration mechanism based on the concept of *** is a well-known mechanism in sensor networks,and it is known for its energy-efficient operation and *** proposed technique utilizes a distributed cluster-based approach to identify the failed nodes,while Cluster Heads(CHs)play a significant role in the restoration of *** simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique and compare it with the existing *** simulation results show that the proposed technique efficiently addresses node failure and restores connectivity by moving fewer nodes than other existing connectivity restoration *** proposed mechanism also yields an improved field coverage as well as a lesser number of packets exchanged as compared to existing state-of-the-art mechanisms.

关键词： WSNs CHs CNR transmission range connectivity restoration node failure cluster communication range

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Preparation and characterization of doubly substituted microwave absorbing material by sol-gel technique for super high frequency applications

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2018年第4期28卷 478-482页

作者： Imran Sadiq Shahzad Naseem Saira riaz S.Sajjad Hussain muhammad Naeem Ashiq Mazhar Rana Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics University of the Punjab Institute of Chemical sciences Bahauddin Zakariya University

Rare earth Dy;and divalent Mn;elements substituting W-type hexagonal ferrites Ba;Dy;Zn;Fe;Mn;O;（x=0,0.02,0.06,0.1 and y=0,0.1,0.3,0.5）were prepared by sol-gel *** thermo-gravimetric analysis（TGA）and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）was carried out to find the temperature at which single phase can be *** patterns indicate the presence of the single phase for all the synthesized samples with the absence of any extra peak due to unreacted material and secondary *** occurrence of absorption bands at low wave numbers(563 and 446 cm;),can be assigned to the stretching vibration of metal and oxygen ions in FTIR spectra,which also confirms the single hexagonal phase for prepared *** grains are of platelet like structure,which enhances the microwave absorption properties of hexagonal *** synthesized material exhibits the minimum reflection loss of-20.9 dB at 11.8 GHz frequency,which reflects the applications of this material in super high frequency *** microwave conductivity of the material increases with frequency.

关键词： Sol-Gel synthesis XRD Microwave absorption properties Microwave conductivity

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Spatiotemporal Monitoring for Deforestation and Forest Degradation Activities in Selected Areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第10期7卷 1191-1207页

作者： Saif ur Rehman Khalid Mobushir riaz khan muhammad Usman muhammad Waqar Yasin muhammad Shahid Iqbal Department of Geo-Informatics Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan

The global significance of forest ecosystems requires precise determination of the amount of carbon stored in different forest ecosystems. Regular monitoring of forests can aid in designing efficient climate change control strategies at national and global scale specially in reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation strategies. This research is designed to focus on determining deforestation of study area from 2001 to 2011 using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. This research provided rate and amount of degradation of forests in the study area and was quite helpful in formulating a strategy to earn carbon credits consistently and, therefore, will help in the uplifting of the standards of local population.

关键词： Deforestation Degradation Carbon Credits Climate Change

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AQUA Satellite Data and Imputation of Geopotential Height: A Case Study for Pakistan

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Open Journal of Geology 2018年第10期8卷 1002-1018页

作者： Usman Saleem Mian Sohail Akram muhammad Fahad Ullah Faisal Rehman muhammad riaz khan Institute of Geology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Provincial Disaster Management Authority Project Implementation Unit Punjab Lahore Departments of Earth Sciences University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Pakistan Meteorological Department Flood Forecasting Division Lahore Pakistan

In current study an attempt is carried out by filling missing data of geopotiential height over Pakistan and identifying the optimum method for interpolation. In last thirteen years geopotential height values over were missing over Pakistan. These gaps are tried to be filled by interpolation Techniques. The techniques for interpolations included Bilinear interpolations [BI], Nearest Neighbor [NN], Natural [NI] and Inverse distance weighting [IDW]. These imputations were judged on the basis of performance parameters which include Root Mean Square Error [RMSE], Mean Absolute Error [MAE], Correlation Coefficient [Corr] and Coefficient of Determination [R2]. The NN and IDW interpolation Imputations were not precise and accurate. The Natural Neighbors and Bilinear interpolations immaculately fitted to the data set. A good correlation was found for Natural Neighbor interpolation imputations and perfectly fit to the surface of geopotential height. The root mean square error [maximum and minimum] values were ranges from ±5.10 to ±2.28 m respectively. However mean absolute error was near to 1. The validation of imputation revealed that NN interpolation produced more accurate results than BI. It can be concluded that Natural Interpolation was the best suited interpolation technique for filling missing data sets from AQUA satellite for geopotential height.

关键词： AIRX3STML Missing Data Imputations Missing Climatic Data Upper Air Temperature

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Synthesis of graphene materials by electrochemical exfoliation: Recent progress and future potential

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Carbon Energy 2019年第2期1卷 173-199页

作者： Fei Liu Chaojun Wang Xiao Sui muhammad Adil riaz Meiying Xu Li Wei Yuan Chen School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina

Synthesis of structurally controlled graphene materials is critical for realizing their practical *** electrochemical exfoliation of graphite has emerged as a simple method to produce graphene *** review examines research progress in the last 5 years,from 2015 to *** material synthesis methods generally have a trade‐off between increasing production yield and achieving better material property *** synthesis conditions for synthesizing pristine graphene,graphene oxide(GO),and graphene composites are significantly ***,in this review,we first discuss synthesis methods for graphene materials with high C/O ratios from four aspects:graphite electrodes,equipment engineering,electrolytes,and additional reduction ***,we survey synthesis methods for GO and examine how the pretreatment of the graphite electrodes,electrolytes,and operation parameters,such as applied voltages,electrolyte temperatures,and mechanical forces,affect the quality of ***,we summarize electrochemical exfoliation methods used to dope graphene materials,introduce covalent functional groups,incorporate various nanoparticles,and assembly of graphene *** all synthesis methods,we compare the properties of resulting graphene materials such as C/O ratios,lateral size,layer numbers,and quality characterized by Raman ***,we propose our perspectives on further *** hope this review stimulates more studies to realize the on‐demand production of graphene materials with desired properties using electrochemical exfoliation methods.

关键词： electrochemical exfoliation graphene graphene oxide graphite synthesis

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Phosphorus Solubility from Rock Phosphate Mixed Compost with Sulphur Application and Its Effect on Yield and Phosphorus Uptake of Wheat Crop

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2017年第12期7卷 401-429页

作者： kashif khan muhammad Sharif Imran Azeem Ibadullah Adnan Anwar khan Sajid Ali Imran khan Aamir khan Department of Soil and Environmental Science Faculty of Crop Production Sciences The University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sulphur application with Rock phosphate mixed compost on phosphorus (P) solubility and its effect on yield and P uptake of wheat crop. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the research farm of The University of Agriculture Peshawar. The experiment was conducted during rabi 2015-16 with plot size of 3 m × 5 m. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied at the rate of 120, 90 and 60 kg·ha-1 in the form of urea, compost, or single super phosphate and potassium sulphate, respectively. Elemental sulphur was applied at the rate of 10, 20 and 30 kg·ha-1 at the time of sowing. Results showed that sulphur applied with compost significantly improved wheat yield and yield components, soil organic matter, soil total N and AB-DTPA extractable P contents, plant N and P concentrations and their uptake, plant micronutrients concentration and their uptakes. No significant changes were noted in soil pH, ECe and lime contents. Maximum grain yield of 4076 kg·ha-1, total dry matter yield 9721 kg·ha-1, straw yield 5644 kg·ha-1, plant height 98.3 cm, spike length 11.2 cm, grain per spike 61.0, thousand grain weight 50.2 g were recorded on the application of S at the rate 20 kg·ha-1 with compost. The highest soil organic matter content of 1.41% was found for the application of S at the rate of 10 kg·ha-1 with compost. Maximum soil total N content of 1756 mg·kg-1 and P 5.7 mg·kg-1 were observed by the application of double recommended S with compost. Plant N uptakes of 125.7 kg·ha-1, and P uptake of 17.5 kg·ha-1, were maximum with application of compost and S @ 20 kg·ha-1. Highest plant uptake of Fe 0.56 kg·ha-1, Zn 0.41 kg·ha-1, Cu 0.16 kg·ha-1 and Mn 0.93 kg·ha-1 were found by the application of full recommended S with compost. Results suggested that S at the rate of 20 kg·ha-1 application with com

关键词： Phosphorus Solubility Rock Phosphate Compost Sulphur Wheat Crop

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An Efficient Connectivity Restoration Technique(ECRT)for Wireless Sensor Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第10期69卷 1003-1019页

作者： Mahmood ul Hassan Shahzad Ali Khalid Mahmood muhammad kashif Saeed Amin Al-Awady Kamran Javed Ansar Munir Shah Department of Computer Skills Preparatory yearNajran UniversityNajran66241Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Jouf UniversityTubarjal74769Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Science and ArtsKing Khalid UniversityMahayil Asir63317Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Community College Mahayil AsirKing Khalid UniversityMahayil63718Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering National University of Technology(NUTECH)Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Institute of Southern PunjabMultan60000Pakistan

Node failure in Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)is a fundamental problem because WSNs operate in hostile *** failure of nodes leads to network partitioning that may compromise the basic operation of the sensor *** deal with such situations,a rapid recovery mechanism is required for restoring inter-node *** to the immense importance and need for a recovery mechanism,several different approaches are proposed in the ***,the proposed approaches have shortcomings because they do not focus on energy-efficient operation and coverage-aware mechanisms while performing connectivity ***,most of these approaches rely on the excessive mobility of nodes for restoration connectivity that affects both coverage and energy *** paper proposes a novel technique called ECRT(Efficient Connectivity Restoration Technique).This technique is capable of restoring connectivity due to single and multiple node *** achieves energy efficiency by transmitting a minimal number of control *** is also coverage-aware as it relocates minimal nodes while trying to restore *** the help of extensive simulations,it is proven that ECRT is effective in connectivity restoration for single and multiple node *** also show that ECRT exchanges a much smaller number of packets than other ***,it also yields the least reduction in field coverage,proving its versatility for connectivity restoration.

关键词： Cut-vertex failure recovery network connectivity node relocation wireless sensor network node failures

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Rabi oscillation generation in the microring resonator system with double-series ring resonators

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Optoelectronics Letters 2015年第5期11卷 342-347页

作者： Ahmad Fakhrurrazi Ahmad Noorden kashif Chaudhary Mahdi Bahadoran muhammad Safwan Aziz muhammad Arif Jalil Ong Chee Tiong Jalil Ali Preecha Yupapin Institute of Advance Photonics Science Nanotechnology Research AllianceUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia Department of Mathematics Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Advanced Studies Center Faculty of ScienceKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang

In this paper, a microring resonator(MRR) system using double-series ring resonators is proposed to generate and investigate the Rabi oscillations. The system is made up of silicon-on-insulator and attached to bus waveguide which is used as propagation and oscillation medium. The scattering matrix method is employed to determine the output signal intensity which acts as the input source between two-level Rabi oscillation states, where the increase of Rabi oscillation frequency with time is obtained at the resonant state. The population probability of the excited state is higher and unstable at the optical resonant state due to the nonlinear spontaneous emission process. The enhanced spontaneous emission can be managed by the atom(photon) excitation, which can be useful for atomic related sensors and single-photon source applications.

关键词：拉比振荡谐振系统谐振器串联 Rabi振荡单光子源绝缘体上硅输出信号

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Optical spin-symmetry breaking for high-efficiency directional helicity-multiplexed metaholograms

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第2期7卷 71-79页

作者： muhammad Ashar Naveed muhammad Afnan Ansari Inki Kim Trevon Badloe Joohoon Kim Dong Kyo Oh kashif riaz Tauseef Tauqeer Usman Younis Murtaza Saleem muhammad Sabieh Anwar muhammad Zubair muhammad Qasim Mehmood Junsuk Rho NanoTech Lab Department of Electrical EngineeringInformation Technology University(ITU)of the PunjabFerozepur RoadLahore54600Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea Department of Physics Lahore University of Management Sciences(LUMS)Lahore54792Pakistan Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea National Institute of Nanomaterials and Technology(NINT) Pohang37673Republic of Korea

Helicity-multiplexed metasurfaces based on symmetric spin–orbit interactions (SOIs) have practical limits because they cannot provide central-symmetric holographic imaging. Asymmetric SOIs can effectively address such limitations, with several exciting applications in various fields ranging from asymmetric data inscription in communications to dual side displays in smart mobile devices. Low-loss dielectric materials provide an excellent platform for realizing such exotic phenomena efficiently. In this paper, we demonstrate an asymmetric SOI-dependent transmission-type metasurface in the visible domain using hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) nanoresonators. The proposed design approach is equipped with an additional degree of freedom in designing bi-directional helicity-multiplexed metasurfaces by breaking the conventional limit imposed by the symmetric SOI in half employment of metasurfaces for one circular handedness. Two on-axis, distinct wavefronts are produced with high transmission efficiencies, demonstrating the concept of asymmetric wavefront generation in two antiparallel directions. Additionally, the CMOS compatibility of a-Si:H makes it a cost-effective alternative to gallium nitride (GaN) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) for visible light. The cost-effective fabrication and simplicity of the proposed design technique provide an excellent candidate for high-efficiency, multifunctional, and chip-integrated demonstration of various phenomena.

关键词： directional breaking visible

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