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Effect of Cadmium Stress on the Growth,Physiology,Stress Markers,Antioxidants and Stomatal Behaviour of Two Genotypes of Chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第9期91卷 1987-2004页

作者： Sayyada Bushra Shahla Faizan Zeenat Mushtaq Alisha Hussain khalid rehman hakeem Environmental Physiology Laboratory Department of BotanyAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh202002India Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Princess Dr NajlaBint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Public Health Daffodil International UniversityDhaka1341Bangladesh

The current work was performed to know the impact of cadmium(Cd)toxicity on two different genotypes of chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)namely Pusa-BG1053 and *** was applied in the form of cadmium chloride(CdCl_(2)),in varying levels,0,25,50,75,and 100 mg Cd kg^(-1)*** growth as well as physiological attributes were decreased with increasing concentration of *** genotypes showed the maximum and significant reduction at the maximum dose of Cd(100 mg Cd kg^(-1)soil).Results of this study proved that the genotype Pusa-BG1053 was more tolerant and showed a lower decline in growth,photosynthetic and biochemical attributes than *** later genotype showed the maximum reduction and was sensitive to Cd stress.A better activity of antioxidants protected Pusa-BG1053 from Cd toxicity;on the other hand,the activity of antioxidants was much lower in *** electron microscopic studies showed differences in both *** Pusa-BG1053,stomatal quantity was higher and stomata were slightly close to the characteristic guard *** Pusa-BG372 stomata were lower,slightly open and with highly affected guard *** cell mortality due to the harsh effects of Cd appeared to be more evident in Pusa-BG372 than Pusa-BG1053,which was visible under a confocal *** a result of this study,Pusa-BG1053 was a more tolerant genotype,and exhibited a minimum reduction in terms of all studied parameters than Pusa-BG372,which was a sensitive genotype to Cd toxicity.

关键词： Antioxidants cadmium chickpea genotypes oxidative stress

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Drought-Mediated Modulation in Metabolomic Profiling of Nigella Sativa Leaf, Growth, Ecophysiology and Antioxidants

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第12期92卷 3323-3344页

作者： khalid rehman hakeem Hesham F.Alharby M.Irfan Qureshi Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Princess Dr.Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Public Health Daffodil International UniversityDhakaBangladesh Department of Biotechnology Jamia Millia IslamiaNew DelhiIndia

Abiotic stresses,including drought,have been found to affect the growth and medicinal quality of numerous *** proposed study aims to study the effects of different drought regimes on the metabolic profile,growth,ecophysiology,cellular antioxidants,and antioxidant potential of Nigella sativa(Black cumin)***-day-old seedlings of *** were exposed to three regimes of drought(control,moderate and high)for a ***/MS metabolic profile of the leaf reveals the presence of more than a hundred metabolites belonging to anthocyanins,chalcones,dihydro flavonoids,flavonoids,flavanols,flavones,flavonoid carbonoside,isoflavones,*** was found to alter the contents of identified *** stress-induced oxidative stress and increased production of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide *** changes,activities of antioxidant enzymes,contents of antioxidants,and proline were significantly high under drought to protect against the low water ***,stressed leaf extract had higher antioxidant ***,*** leaf bears multiple metabolic pathways and can tolerate a higher degree of drought or osmotic stress.

关键词： Nigella sativa metabolomics drought antioxidant mechanism flavonoids

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Salt Stress Threshold in Millets:Perspective on Cultivation on Marginal Lands for Biomass

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第1期90卷 51-64页

作者： Naveed Ul Mushtaq Seerat Saleem Aadil Rasool Wasifa Hafiz Shah khalid rehman hakeem Reiaz Ul rehman Department of Bioresources School of Biological SciencesUniversity of KashmirSrinagar190006India Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia

Millets hold an immense assurance for food safety and nourishment amid ever-rising agricultural expenses and climate *** are healthful,have supplementary wellbeing profit and need remarkably fewer effort overheads for crop *** characters draw attention to millets as a plant of preference for the humankind in the course of emergent alarm about environmental *** have the prospect to provide biomass and thus bioenergy,reduced carbon emission,carbon footprint and sustainable modern *** the rate of expansion in budding countries is increasing day by day,the scarcity of energy is a big panic and there is a mounting turn in the direction and rehearsal of waste and biomass as an energy ***,at least 20%of total irrigated land has been injured by salt and 1.5 million hectares is taken away of cultivation every ***,in future,we will have a requirement of efficient crops and utilisation of marginal lands for *** is an answer to the efficient *** are subjected to various environmental pressures(high/low temperature,heavy metal,salinity,pesticides,etc.)as well as biotic stresses(virus,bacteria,fungi,etc.)and millets are not an exception to *** are categorised as glycophytes and can tolerate average salt threshold of about 6(ECe)(dS/m)with some variation from specie to *** in the salt concentrations can lead to retarded growth and development,thus need for mitigants arise to reduce such *** mitigants to overcome the stress levels include proline,polyamine and betaines,Na2SeO3,H2S,KNO3,Mg(NO3)2,etc.

关键词： Sustainable development proline salt tolerance biomass food security

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Morpho-Physiological,Biochemical and Molecular Adaptation of Millets to Abiotic Stresses:A Review

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第5期90卷 1363-1385页

作者： Seerat Saleem Naveed Ul Mushtaq Wasifa Hafiz Shah Aadil Rasool khalid rehman hakeem Reiaz Ul rehman Department of Bioresources School of Biological SciencesUniversity of KashmirSrinagar190006India Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia

Abiotic stresses such as drought,heat,cold,nutrient deficiency,excess salt and hazardous metals can hamper plantgrowth and *** agriculture of only a few major staple food crops that are sensitive and intolerant to environmental stresses has led to an agrarian *** the other hand,nutritionally rich,gluten free and stress tolerant plants like millets are neglected and *** sustain about one-third of the world’s population and show exceptional tolerance to various abiotic and biotic *** are C4 plants that are adapted to marginal and dry lands of arid and semi-arid regions,and survive low rainfall and poor *** stresses significantly affect plant growth which ultimately results in reduced crop ***,various adaptation mechanisms have evolved in millets to withstand different *** review aims at exploring various of these morphophysiological,biochemical and molecular aspects of mechanisms in *** adaptations include short life span,smallplant height and leaf area,dense root system,adjusted flowering time,increased root and decreased shoot lengths,high tillering,and leaf folding.A high accumulation of various osmoprotectants(proline,soluble sugars,proteins)improves hyperosmolarity and enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes(e.g.,Ascorbate peroxidase,Superoxide dismutase,Catalase,Peroxidase)providing defense against oxidative ***,plants show low photosynthetic and stomatal conductance rates,and root respiration which help them to escape from water *** adaptations include the upregulation of stress-related transcriptional factors,signalling genes,ion transporters,secondary metabolite pathways,receptor kinases,phytohormone biosynthesis and antioxidative *** of genetic resources hampers improvement of ***,several identified and characterized genes for stress tolerance can be exploited for further development of millet resil

关键词： Millets adaptation abiotic stress osmoprotectants antioxidants transcriptomics

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Assessment of the Contribution of Foliar Trichomes towards Allelopathy

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第2期89卷 291-301页

作者： Waseem Mushtaq M.B.Siddiqui Hesham F.Alharby khalid rehman hakeem Allelopathy Laboratory Department of BotanyAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh202002India Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Princess Dr Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia

Plant trichomes vary in their structure and cellular *** trichomes contain a bulk of specific(secondary)metabolites of diverse *** are connected with various adaptive processes,which include protection against herbivores and pathogens as *** study investigates the allelopathic contribution of structures present on the leaf surface of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia *** seedling growth of Cicer arietinum *** infusion obtained after dipping Nicotiana leaves in Dichloromethane(DCM)for 10 seconds(s)was the most phytotoxic among all the *** observed inhibition in Cicer growth was not only dependent on type of infusion but also the *** electron microscopy of the leaf samples showed the modifications in trichomes under the influence of the different concentration of *** trichomes were most dehydrated at 10 seconds in DCM,suggesting their role for the observed *** study on the biochemistry of trichomes and their phytotoxicity may develop highly valuable objects for plant metabolic engineering.

关键词： Allelopathy phytotoxicity secondary metabolites medicinal plants

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Exogenous Selenium Mitigates Salt Stress in Soybean by Improving Growth,Physiology,Glutathione Homeostasis and Antioxidant Defense

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第2期90卷 373-388页

作者： Hesham F.Alharby Mirza Hasanuzzaman Hassan S.Al-Zahrani khalid rehman hakeem Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Agronomy Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural UniversityDhaka1207Bangladesh

The mechanism of selenium(Se)-induced salt tolerance was studied in moderately sensitive soybean(Glycine max L.)*** execute this view,soybean plants were imposed with salt stress(EC 6 dS m^(−1))applying *** other treatments,Se(0,25,50 and 75μM Na_(2)SeO_(4))was sprayed as co-application with that level of salt *** height,stem diameter,leaf area,SPAD value decreased noticeably under salt *** proline(Pro)level,together with decreased leaf relative water content(RWC)was observed in salt-affected *** stress resulted in brutal oxidative damage and increased the content of H_(2)O_(2),MDA level and electrolyte *** Se spray alleviated oxidative damage through boosting up the antioxidant defense system by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)and glutathione reductase(GR),as well as by improving non-enzymatic antioxidants like glutathione(GSH)and GSH/glutathione disulfide(GSSG).The upregulated antioxidant defense system,restored Pro and leaf RWC,higher SPAD value conferred better growth and development in Se-sprayed salt-affected soybean plants which altogether put forth for the progressive yield contributing parameters and finally,seed *** different doses of Se,soybean plants sprayed with 50μM Na_(2)SeO_(4)showed better salt tolerance.

关键词： Trace elements selenium antioxidant system oxidative stress salinity oilseed crop

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Changes in Growth,Photosynthetic Pigments,Cell Viability,Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Defense System in Two Varieties of Chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)Subjected to Salinity Stress

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第1期91卷 149-168页

作者： Zeenat Mushtaq Shahla Faizan Basit Gulzar Humira Mushtaq Sayyada Bushra Alisha Hussain khalid rehman hakeem Environmental Physiology Laboratory Department of BotanyAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh202002India Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section Department of BotanyJamia HamdardNew Delhi110062India Research and Training Centre for Pollinators Pollinizers and Pollination Management SectionDivision of EntomologySKUAST KashmirSrinagar190025India Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia

Salinity is one of the most severe abiotic stresses for crop *** present study investigates the salinityinduced modulation in growth indicators,morphology and movement of stomata,photosynthetic pigments,activity of carbonic anhydrase as well as nitrate reductase,and antioxidant systems in two varieties of chickpea(Pusa-BG5023,and Pusa-BGD72).On 20^(th) day of sowing,plants were treated with varying levels of NaCl(0,50,100,150 and 200 mM)followed by sampling on 45 days of *** observations on both the varieties reveal that salt stress leads to a significant decline in growth,dry biomass,leaf area,photosynthetic pigments,protein content,stomatal behavior,cell viability,activity of nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase with the rise in the concentration of ***,quantitatively these changes were less in Pusa-BG5023 as compared to ***,salinity-induced oxidative stress enhanced malondialdehyde content,superoxide radicals,foliar proline content,and the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase,and *** variety Pusa-BGD72 was found more sensitive than Pusa-BG5023 to salt *** of different graded concentrations(50,100,150 and 200 mM)of sodium chloride,50 mM was least toxic,and 200 mM was most *** differential behavior of these two varieties measured in terms of stomatal behavior,cell viability,photosynthetic pigments,and antioxidant defense system can be used as prospective indicators for selection of chickpea plants for salt tolerance and sensitivity.

关键词： Salt stress ion homeostasis antioxidant defense cell viability chickpea

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Physiological and Molecular Analysis of Applied Nitrogen in Rice Genotypes

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Rice science 2012年第3期19卷 213-222页

作者： khalid rehman hakeem Ruby CHANDNA Altaf AHMAD1 Muhammad IQBAL Molecular Ecology Laboratory Department of BotanyFaculty of ScienceHamdard University Faculty of Forestry University Putra Malaysia Department of Plant Protection College of Food and Agricultural SciencesKing Saud University

Ten genotypes of rice （Oryza sativa L.） were grown for 30 d in complete nutrient solution with 1 mmol/L （N-insufficient）,4 mmol/L （N-moderate） and 10 mmol/L （N-high） nitrogen levels,and nitrogen efficiency （NE） was *** performance,measured in terms of fresh weight,dry weight and lengths of root and shoot,was higher in N-efficient than in N-inefficient rice genotypes at low N *** these 10 genotypes,Suraksha was identified as the most N-efficient,while Vivek Dhan the most *** find out the physiological basis of this difference,the nitrate uptake rate of root and the activities of nitrate assimilatory enzymes in leaves of N-efficient and N-inefficient rice genotypes were *** experiments revealed the presence of two separate nitrate transporter systems mediating high-and low-affinity nitrate ***,the nitrate uptake by the roots of Suraksha is mediated by both high-and low-affinity nitrate transporter systems,while that of Vivek Dhan by only low-affinity nitrate transporter *** of the activities and expression levels of nitrate assimilatory enzymes in N-efficient and N-inefficient rice genotypes showed that nitrate reductase （NR） and glutamine synthetase （GS） play important roles in N assimilation under low-nitrogen conditions.

关键词： rice nitrogen absorption and assimilation nitrate nitrogen efficiency nitrogen uptake real-time PCR

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Pomegranate peel extract lessens histopathologic changes and restores antioxidant homeostasis in the hippocampus of rats with aluminium chloride-induced Alzheimer’s disease

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020年第10期13卷 456-463页

作者： Steve Harakeh Wafaa S.Ramadan Mohammed S.Al Muhayawi Soad Al Jaouni Shaker Mousa khalid rehman hakeem Special Infectious Agent Unit King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityKingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Anatomy Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityKingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Anatomy Faculty of MedicineAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt Department of Medical Microbiology/Parasitology and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory KAUHKing Abdulaziz UniversityKingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Hematology/Pediatric Oncology King Abdulaziz University Hospital(KAUH)Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityKingdom of Saudi Arabia Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityKingdom of Saudi Arabia Pharmaceutical Research Institute Albany College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesRensselaerNYUSA Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia

Objective:To investigate the neuroprotective efficacy of pomegranate and ellagic acid on the histopathological changes in the hippocampus of an aluminium chloride(AlCl3)induced rat model of Alzheimer’s ***:Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups(n=10each):GroupⅠ:serving as negative control;GroupⅡ,Alzheimer model,induced by administration of 17 mg/kg bw AlCl3;GroupⅢ,administered the same dose of AlCl3 with 50 mg/kg of pomegranate peel extract and GroupⅣ:administered ellagic acid(50 mg/kg)in addition to the same dose of *** medication given to all groups continued for 28 *** were given the compounds by gastric *** arm maze test,hippocampus antioxidant markers,histopathology of the dentate gyrus,and CA3 of the hippocampus were ***:Rats treated with pomegranate peel extract exposed to radial arm maze test showed less number of errors and reduced time needed to reach the *** was an increase in the levels of glutathione,catalase,and total antioxidant capacity and decreased lipid peroxidation *** features in dentate gyrus and CA3 as apoptosis and chromatolysis of pyramidal cells and granular layer,respectively,were *** characteristic neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques were *** with ellagic acid ameliorated the pathological results but to a statistically lower ***:Pomegranate peel extract alleviates memory deficit and restores antioxidant homeostasis following degenerative changes in the hippocampus induced by aluminium chloride in rats.

关键词： Pomegranate Peel extract Ellagic acid Antioxidants Hippocampus Behavioural test

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Application of GIS for the identification and demarcation of selective heavy metal concentrations in the urban groundwater

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第2期25卷 225-235页

作者： Sobia ASHRAF Farhat ABBAS Muhammad IBRAHIM Umer RASHID Shoaib khalid Hammad Raza AHMAD khalid rehman hakeem Tahir MAJEED Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Government College University Faisalabad (38000) Pakistan Institute of Advanced Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang 43400 Selangor Malaysia Department of Geography Government College University Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan Faculty of Forestry University of Putra Malaysia Serdang 43400 Selangor Malaysia Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI) Jhang Road Faisalabad

Groundwater is the most appropriate and widely used source of drinking water, which is increasingly threatened by pollution from industrial and agricultural activities. To check the severity of the problem, 156 groundwater samples were collected from various depths （60-110 ft） of 52 different localities in Faisalabad city, the third largest metropolis in Pakistan, and analyzed for the metals （Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, Mn and Fe） concentration in 2009. Quantification was done by using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer technique and the results were compared with WHO standards for drinking water quality. Results showed that the levels of Cu, Mn and Fe were below the WHO standards while the concentrations of Zn, Cd, Ni and Pb were above the recommended levels of safe drinking water. Correlation analysis among the occurrence of these heavy metals revealed a highly significant and positive correlation of Mn with Zn and Fe. A significant and positive correlation of Cd was also found with Cu and groundwater depth showing that there is strong association between Cu-Cd pair and that the Cd concentration varies with depth of groundwater in the study area. Regional patterns of heavy metals occurrence were mapped using Geographical Information System （GIS） for the identification and demarcation of risk areas. The concentration maps may be used by policymakers of the city to mitigate groundwater pollution.

关键词： heavy metals groundwater contamination Faisalabad pollution mitigation

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