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Phytochemical Determination and Antibacterial Activity of Punica granatum Peel Extracts against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第1期7卷 159-166页

作者： Ayad Ismael Khaleel Kamaruzaman Sijam Tavga Sulaiman Rashid khairulmazmi bin ahmad Plant Protection Department Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia

Plant pathogenic bacteria are recognized to be harmful microbes able to decrease the quantity and quality of crop production in the world. Punica granatum peel was screened for its potential use as biological control agent for plant pathogenic bacteria. P. granatum peel was successfully extract using n-hexane, methanol and ethyl acetate by maceration. The highest yield obtained by ethyl acetate showed that ethyl acetate extracted more compounds that readily soluble to methanol and n-hexane. For in-vitro antibacterial activity, three different species of plant pathogenic bacteria were used namely Erwinia carotovorum subsp. Carotovorum, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas gardneri. For all crude extracts, four different concentrations 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/ml were used in cup-plate agar diffusion method. Streptomycin sulfate at concentration 30 μg/ml was used as positive control while each respective solvent used for peel extraction was used as negative control. The results obtained from in vitro studies showed only ethyl acetate extract possessed antibacterial activity tested on the plant pathogenic bacteria. Methanol and n-hexane did not show any antibacterial activity against plant pathogenic bacteria selected where no inhibition zones were recorded. R. solanacearum recorded the highest diameter of inhibition zones for all range of concentrations introduced followed by E. carotovorum subsp. Carotovorum and X. gardneri. For the minimum inhbitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), only the ethyl acetate extract was subjected to the assay as only ethyl acetate extract exhibited antibacterial activity. The minimum concentration of ethyl acetate extract that was able to inhibit plant pathogenic bacteria was recorded at a concentration of 3.12 mg/ml which inhibited R. solancearum and E. carotovorum subsp. Carotovorum, followed by X. gardneri at concentration 6.25 mg/ml. For the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the results show

关键词： Punica granatum Plant Extraction Pathogenic Bacteria Phytochemical Screening

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Gc-Ms Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Mangosteen Leaf Extracts against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第7期7卷 1013-1020页

作者： Qamar Mohammed Naji Alsultan Kamaruzaman Sijam Tavga Sulaiman Rashid khairulmazmi bin ahmad Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture University Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang Malaysia

The potential of Garcinia mangostana as a biological control agent against plant pathogenic bacteria which decrease the quality and volume of crop production worldwide was assessed. Mangosteen leaves were extracted by maceration using chloroform, n-hexane, and methanol. For the in vitro antibacterial activity, two dissimilar species of plant pathogenic bacteria: Pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae were acquired. Four different concentrations, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml were obtained through the cup-plate agar diffusion technique. Streptomycin sulphate at 30 μg/ml concentration was set as the positive control, whereas every respective solvent used in the leaf extraction was set as the negative control. The results have shown that, only methanol extract demonstrated antibacterial activity when tested on the plant pathogenic bacteria. The highest diameter of inhibition zones was observed in X. oryzae pv. oryzae, at all range of concentrations, followed by P. syringae pv. tomato. The least methanol extract concentration utilised in determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was at 1.562 mg/ml, inhibiting X. oryzae pv. oryzae, followed by P. syringe pv. tomato at a concentration 3.125 mg/ml. Antibacterial impacts of the most effectual extract of mangosteen crude were supported by the existence of chemical components identified by GC-MS. Cycloartenol, Caryophyllene, Docosane, Phenol, 4,4-Methylenebis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) and Chromium were noted as key compounds in the mangosteen leaf extract, which were perhaps causing the antibacterial activity.

关键词： Pseudomonas syringae Xanthomonas oryzae Garcinia mangostana and Methanol Extract

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Decoding the fruit microbiome:A climate smart strategy to manage postharvest decays

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第5期10卷 1061-1072页

作者： Manori Kuruppu Kong Lih Ling Phebe Ding khairulmazmi ahmad Asgar Ali Yasmeen Siddiqui Laboratory of Sustainable Agronomy and Crop Protection Institute of Plantation StudiesUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang 43400Malaysia Department of Plant Protection Faculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang 43400Malaysia Centre of Excellence for Post-harvest Biotechnology(CEFB) School of BiosciencesUniversity of Nottingham MalaysiaJalan Broga43500 SemenyihSelangorMalaysia Department of Biological Sciences College of ScienceKing Faisal UniversityAl Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia

There is an urgent necessity to shift our diets toward those rich in fruits and vegetables and at reduce postharvest losses of *** 20%-50%of fruits and vegetables are lost due to poor postharvest handling and pathogen infections in developing countries while it was estimated as 5%-35%in developed countries. Fresh fruits have evolved with a plethora of microorganisms having important roles in maintaining fruit health. However, little information is available on the dynamics, structure, and functional capacities of underpinning fruit microbiomes. The present review discussed environmental conditions favoring fruit-harbored antagonists and their different modes of action for suppressing postharvest pathogens in fruits. It also provides information on omics technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS),metaproteomics, metatranscriptomic, and metabolomics studies to characterize fruit microbiomes. With the advent of NGS and meta-omics technologies, microbiome research could bring remarkable development and understanding in succeeding biological treatments. In addition, they may provide us with a fundamental understanding of microclimate requirements for fruit microbiome establishment and microbiome shifts during post-harvest storage, which would be advantageous in developing composite biocontrol treatments for post-harvest decay management.

关键词： Biological control Food loss Fruit microbiome Meta-omics Microclimate Postharvest decay

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Development of high yield and tomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV)resistance using conventional and molecular approaches:A review

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BIOCELL 2021年第4期45卷 1069-1079页

作者： THARANGANI WELEGAMA MOHD Y.RAFII khairulmazmi ahmad SHAIRUL I.RAMLEE YUSUFF OLADOSU Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia Department of Crop Science Faculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia Department of Plant Protection Faculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia

Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)belonging to the family Solanaceae is the second most consumed and cultivated vegetable *** the ancient time of its domestication,thousands of cultivated tomato varieties have been developed targeting an array of *** which breeding for yield and yield-related traits are mostly *** tomato is extremely genetically poor and hence it is a victim for several biotic and abiotic *** the biotic stresses,the impact of viral diseases is critical all over tomato cultivating *** of tomato still largely rely on conventional methods worldwide while molecular approaches,particularly Marker Assisted Selection(MAS)has become popular across the globe as a fast,low cost and precise tool which is essential in present day plant *** this review paper,breeding tomato for high yield and viral disease resistance,particularly to tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease(TYLCVD)using conventional and molecular approaches will be *** up of this set of information will be useful to those who are interested in tomato variety development with high yielding and TYLCVD resistance.

关键词： Molecular markers Tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease Resistance breeding Solanum lycopersicum High yield

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Flapping wing micro-aerial-vehicle： Kinematics, membranes, and flapping mechanisms of ornithopter and insect flight

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2016年第5期29卷 1159-1177页

作者： Mohd Firdaus bin Abas Azmin Shakrine bin Mohd Rafie Hamid bin Yusoff Kamarul Arifin bin ahmad Department of Aerospace Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA Pulau Pinang 13500 Permatang Pauh Pulau Pinang Malaysia

The application of biomimetics in the development of unmanned-aerial-vehicles （UAV） has advanced to an exceptionally small scale of nano-aerial-vehicles （NAV）, which has surpassed its immediate predecessor of micro-aerial-vehicles （MAV）, leaving a vast range of development possi- bilities that MAVs have to offer. Because of the prompt advancement into the NAV research devel- opment, the true potential and challenges presented by MAV development were never solved, understood, and truly uncovered, especially under the influence of transition and low Reynolds number flow characteristics. This paper reviews a part of previous MAV research developments which are deemed important of notification; kinematics, membranes, and flapping mechanisms ranges from small birds to big insects, which resides within the transition and low Reynolds number regimes. This paper also reviews the possibility of applying a piezoelectric transmission used to pro- duce NAV flapping wing motion and mounted on a MAV, replacing the conventional motorized flapping wing transmission. Findings suggest that limited work has been done for MAVs matching these criteria. The preferred research approach has seen bias towards numerical analysis as compared to experimental analysis.

关键词： Flapping wing kinematics Insect Membrane wing Micro-air-vehicle Ornithopter

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Toxicity evaluation of ZnO and TiO_2 nanomaterials in hydroponic red bean(Vigna angularis) plant:Physiology, biochemistry and kinetic transport

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第10期30卷 140-152页

作者： Shanaz Jahan Yatimah binti Alias ahmad Farid bin Abu Bakar Ismail bin Yusoff Department of Geology Environmental and Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Malaya Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Malaya University Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCi L) University of Malaya

The toxicity and kinetic uptake potential of zinc oxide（Zn O） and titanium dioxide（TiO2）nanomaterials into the red bean（Vigna angularis） plant were investigated. The results obtained revealed that Zn O, due to its high dissolution and strong binding capacity, readily accumulated in the root tissues and significantly inhibited the physiological activity of the plant. However, TiO2 had a positive effect on plant physiology, resulting in promoted growth. The results of biochemical experiments implied that Zn O, through the generation of oxidative stress, significantly reduced the chlorophyll content, carotenoids and activity of stress-controlling enzymes. On the contrary, no negative biochemical impact was observed in plants treated with TiO2. For the kinetic uptake and transport study, we designed two exposure systems in which Zn O and TiO2 were exposed to red bean seedlings individually or in a mixture approach. The results showed that in single metal oxide treatments, the uptake and transport increased with increasing exposure period from one week to three ***, in the metal oxide co-exposure treatment, due to complexation and competition among the particles, the uptake and transport were remarkably decreased. This suggested that the kinetic transport pattern of the metal oxide mixtures varied compared to those of its individual constituents.

关键词： Metal oxides Physiological impacts Biochemical impacts Uptake kinetics Translocation Growth inhibition

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Assessing Multidimensional Vulnerability of Rural Areas to Flooding:An Index‑Based Approach

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 88-106页

作者： Samavia Rasool Irfan ahmad Rana Hassam bin Waseem Department of Urban and Regional Planning School of Civil and Environmental Engineering(SCEE)National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Islamabad 44000Pakistan

Vulnerability assessment is essential for understanding and launching effective flood risk reduction *** study aimed to examine the vulnerability of flood-prone rural communities in southern Punjab,Pakistan to external *** concept of vulnerability encompasses a range of dimensions,including physical,social,institutional,environmental,economic,and *** a composite index method,indices were developed for each dimension and combined to create a multidimensional measure of vulnerability.A sample of 365 communities was selected using the Yamane sampling technique,and data were collected through a questionnaire containing 65 indicators across all *** statistics and ANOVA tests were used to analyze the *** results show that communities near the Chenab River had higher attitudinal and institutional vulnerability compared to other *** attitudinal vulnerabilities were as sociated with poorly perceived flood risks and low preparedness measures,whereas institutional vulnerabilities were driven by conventional flood protection strategies,lack of institutional trust,and lack of flood risk *** research provides insights into the various components of vulnerability in flood-prone rural communities in Pakistan and demonstrates a useful methodology that can be applied to other disasters at different spatial scales.

关键词： Chenab River Flood hazard Indus River Pakistan-Rural areas:Vulnerability to flooding

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Glidant effect of hydrophobic and hydrophilic nanosilica on a cohesive powder： Comparison of different flow characterization techniques

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Particuology 2017年第2期15卷 69-79页

作者： ahmad Fahmi bin Ruzaidi Uttam Kumar Mandal Bappaditya Chatterjee Pharmaceutical Technology Kulliyyah of Pharrnacy IIUM Kuantan 25200 Malaysia

The methods used for flow characterization of a powder mass include the angle of repose （AOR）, Carr index （CI）, and powder flow tester （PFT）. The use of nanosilica as a flow modifier （glidant） is very common in industry. This study aims to compare the glidant effect of hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica on a poorly flowable active pharmaceutical ingredient （ibuprofen） by different flow characterization techniques. Different percentages （0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt%） of both types of mixed silica–ibuprofen powders were evaluated by the AOR, CI, bulk density, and PFT. The flow factor, effective angle of friction, and cohesion were determined to explain the bulk powder properties. The results show that different types of silica show different levels of flow property improvement, but the techniques do not equally discriminate the differences. Hydrophobic silica results in better improvement of the flow property than hydrophilic silica, probably because of its better surface coverage of silica on the host particles. Change of the bulk density with applied pressure was significant for the different powders. This study demonstrates that combining several characterization methods provides a better understanding of bulk powder flow properties with respect to powder–process relationships than a single flow indicator.

关键词： Silica Flow measurement Shear flow tester Cohesion Effective angle of friction Bulk density

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Performance Analysis of DEBT Routing Protocols for Pocket Switch Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第3期66卷 3075-3087页

作者： Khairol Amali bin ahmad Mohammad Nazmul Hasan Md.Sharif Hossen Khaleel ahmad Department of Electrical&Electronics Engineering National Defence University of MalaysiaMalaysia Department of Information and Communication Technology Comilla UniversityCumillaBangladesh Department of Computer Science&Information Technology Maulana Azad National Urdu UniversityIndia

Pocket Switched Networks(PSN)represent a particular remittent network for direct communication between the handheld mobile *** to traditional networks,there is no stable topology structure for PSN where the nodes observe the mobility model of human *** is a kind of Delay Tolerant Networks(DTNs)that gives a description to circulate information among the network nodes by the way of taking the benefit of transferring nodes from one area to *** its inception,there are several schemes for message routing in the infrastructure-less environment in which human mobility is only the best manner to exchange *** routing messages,PSN uses different techniques such asDistributed Expectation-Based Spatio-Temporal(DEBT)Epidemic(DEBTE),DEBT Cluster(DEBTC),and DEBT Tree(DEBTT).Understanding on how the network environment is affected for these routing strategies are the main motivation of this *** this paper,we have investigated the impact of network nodes,the message copies per transmission,and the overall carrying out of these routing *** simulator was used to analyze those techniques on the basis of delivery,overhead,and *** result of this task demonstrates that for a particular simulation setting,DEBTE is the best PSN routing technique among all,against DEBTC and DEBTT.

关键词： Pocket switched networks routings distributed cluster detections delay tolerant networks mobility in network

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Impact of land uses on water quality in Malaysia: a review

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 128-137页

作者： Moriken Camara Nor Rohaizah Jamil ahmad Fikri bin Abdullah Faculty of Environmental Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM43400 SerdangSelangorMalaysia Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia(UPM)43400SerdangSelangorMalaysia.

Land use changes in urbanization,industrialization,and agricultural processes will continue to have negative impacts on water quality at all *** impact of land use changes on water quality is generally studied by analyzing the relationships between land use and water quality ***,the purpose of this research was to review and analyze the main relationships between land use and water quality,as well as to visualize the major sources and processes of water quality pollution in *** achieve our goal,we evaluated the significance of both land use and water quality attributes used in the past studies and correlated them to understand their relationship from another angle of *** results revealed that 87%of the reviewed studies indicated urban land use as a major source of water pollution,while 82%indicated agricultural land use,77%indicated forest land use,and 44%indicated other land ***,the results of correlation analysis showed that agricultural and forest-related activities more affected water quality through their significant positive correlation with physical and chemical indicators of water quality,while urban development activities had a greater impact on water quality through altering hydrological processes such as runoff and *** findings would provide decision-makers with useful information for managing water pollution processes rather than sources only.

关键词： Land use Water quality Malaysia

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