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Gastro-duodenal disease in Africa: Literature review and clinical data from Accra, Ghana

作者： (美)思克迪斯 (美)Tom·Liston

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第26期25卷 3344-3358页

作者： Timothy N Archampong Richard h Asmah Cathy J Richards Vicki J Martin Christopher D Bayliss edília Botao Leonor David Sandra Beleza Carla Carrilho Department of Medicine and Therapeutics School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of GhanaAccra Box 4236Ghana Department of Genetics and Genome Biology University of LeicesterLeicester LE1 7RHUnited Kingdom Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences School of Biomedical and Allied Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccra Box 4236Ghana Department of histopathology Leicester Royal InfirmaryLeicester LE1 5WWUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology Maputo Central HospitalMaputo POBox 1164Mozambique Department of Pathology Medical Faculty of the University of PortoPorto 4200-465Portugal Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology at the University of Porto(Ipatimup) Porto 4200-465Portugal Instituto de Investigacao e Inovacao em Saude(i3S) University of PortoPorto 4200-465Portugal Department of Pathology Faculty of MedicineEduardo Mondlane UniversityMaputo POBox 257Mozambique

Gastroduodenal disease(GDD)was initially thought to be uncommon in *** others,lack of access to optimal health infrastructure and suspicion of conventional medicine resulted in the reported prevalence of GDD being significantly lower than that in other areas of the *** the increasing availability of flexible upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy,it has now become apparent that GDD,especially peptic ulcer disease(PUD),is prevalent across the continent of *** risk factors for gastric cancer(GCA)include helicobater pylori(***),diet,Epstein-Barr virus infection and industrial chemical exposure,while those for PUD are ***,non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug(NSAID)-use,smoking and alcohol *** these,*** is generally accepted to be causally related to the development of atrophic gastritis(AG),intestinal metaplasia(IM),PUD and distal ***,we perform a systematic review of the patterns of GDD across Africa obtained with endoscopy,and complement the analysis with new data obtained on premalignant gastric his-topathological lesions in Accra,Ghana which was compared with previous data from Maputo,*** there is a general lack of structured cohort studies in Africa,we also considered endoscopy-based hospital or tertiary centre studies of symptomatic *** Africa,there is considerable heterogeneity in the prevalence of PUD with no clear geographical ***,there are differences in PUD within-country despite universally endemic *** *** is not uncommon in *** of the African tertiary-centre studies had higher prevalence of PUD when compared with similar studies in western *** additional intriguing observation is a recent,ongoing decline in PUD in some African countries where *** infection is still *** possible reason for the high,sustained prevalence of PUD may be the significant use of NSAIDs in local or over-the-counter *** prevalence

关键词： Gastroduodenal Peptic ulcer Gastric cancer Africa Pre-malignant Atrophy Intestinal metaplasia Duodenal ulcer Gastric ulcer

The impact of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of purple rice phenolic compounds

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Food Bioscience 2022年第3期47卷 881-888页

作者： Borkwei ed Nignpense Sajid Latif Nidhish Francis Christopher Blanchard Abishek Bommannan Santhakumar School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences Charles Sturt UniversityLocked Bag 588Wagga WaggaNSW 2678Australia National Life Sciences Research hub Charles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSW 2795Australia School of Agricultural Environment and Veterinary SciencesCharles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSW 2650Australia Gulbali Institute Charles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSW 2650Australia Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional GrainsGraham Centre for Agricultural InnovationCharles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSW 2650Australia

Polyphenol-rich purple rice has been shown to exhibit a wide range of health properties including antioxidant *** study aimed to determine the impact that gastrointestinal digestion of purple rice had on its phenolic bioaccessibility and antioxidant *** results demonstrated a significant difference(phenolic content level and antioxidant activity between simulated gastric and intestinal ***,mass spectrometry and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography(UhPLC)coupled with online ABTS•+scavenging activity demonstrated a significant loss in the number of polyphenols that were bioaccessible after ***,substantial free radical scavenging activity was retained after digestion due to the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds such as tryptophan and protocatechuic ***,purple rice may be considered as a source of bioaccessible phenolic and antioxidant compounds.

关键词： Antioxidant Bioaccessibility Gastrointestinal digestion Polyphenols Purple rice

A Guide to Networking Essentials

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1998年

作者： ed Tittal David Johnson

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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胡芦巴胶对混合粉制面包及生面团品质的影响

无锡轻工大学学报（食品与生物技术） 1998年第4期17卷 36-40页

作者： kha.,AMM 丁霄霖无锡轻工大学食品学院

去皮高粱粉和粟米粉作面包用粉的替代物，以不同比例添加使用。胡芦巴胶部分替代面粉，替代率可达０．９％，研究了胡芦巴胶对流变特征及面包品质的影响。添加胶越多，生面团吸水量亦越高；添加胡芦巴胶后，生面团的稳定时间、断裂时间... 详细信息

去皮高粱粉和粟米粉作面包用粉的替代物，以不同比例添加使用。胡芦巴胶部分替代面粉，替代率可达０．９％，研究了胡芦巴胶对流变特征及面包品质的影响。添加胶越多，生面团吸水量亦越高；添加胡芦巴胶后，生面团的稳定时间、断裂时间和机械耐力指数均有提高。按４∶１的面粉／高粱粉配方，添加０．６％胶可增大面包体积２１．８％，而０．９％的胶添加量能增大面包体积２１．３８％．

关键词：半乳甘露聚糖混粉面包质量胡芦巴胶

Unveiling the hidden world of gut health:Exploring cutting-edge research through visualizing randomized controlled trials on the gut microbiota

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世界临床病例杂志 2023年第26期11卷 6132-6146页

作者： Sa’ed h Zyoud Muna Shakhshir Amani S Abushanab Amer Koni Moyad Shahwan Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun Adham Abu Taha Samah W Al-Jabi Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy College of Medicine and Health SciencesAn-Najah National UniversityNablus 44839Palestine Clinical Research Centre An-Najah National University HospitalNablus 44839Palestine Department of Nutrition An-Najah National University HospitalNablus 44839Palestine Division of Clinical Pharmacy Hematology and Oncology Pharmacy DepartmentAn-Najah National University HospitalNablus 44839Palestine College of Pharmacy and health Sciences Ajman UniversityAjman 346United Arab Emirates Department of health and Safety Dubai MunicipalityDubai 67United Arab Emirates Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy School of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversiti Sains Malaysia(USM)Pulau Pinang 11500Malaysia Department of Pathology An-Najah National University HospitalNablus 44839Palestine

BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in gastrointestinal and overall *** clinical trials(RCTs)play a crucial role in advancing our knowledge and evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic interventions targeting the gut *** To conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the literature on RCTs involving the gut *** Using bibliometric tools,a descriptive cross-sectional investigation was conducted on scholarly publications concentrated on RCTs related to gut microbiota,spanning the years 2003 to *** study used VOSviewer version 1.6.9 to examine collaboration networks between different countries and evaluate the frequently employed terms in the titles and abstracts of the retrieved *** primary objective of this analysis was to identify key research areas and focal points associated with RCTs involving the gut *** A total of 1061 relevant articles were identified from the 24758 research articles published between 2003 and *** number of publications showed a notable increase over time,with a positive correlation(R2=0.978,Phina(n=276,26.01%),the United States(n=254,23.94%),and the United Kingdom(n=97,9.14%)were the leading contributing countries.Københavns Universitet(n=38,3.58%)and Dankook University(n=35,3.30%)were the top active *** co-occurrence analysis shows current gut microbiota research trends and important topics,such as obesity interventions targeting the gut microbiota,the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation,and the effects of dietary interventions on *** The study highlights the rapid growth and importance of research on RCTs that involve the gut *** study provides valuable insight into research trends,identifies key players,and outlines potential future directions in this ***,the co-occurrence analysis identified important topics that play a critical role in the advancement of science

关键词： Gut microbiota Microbiome Randomized clinical trials Bibliometric analysis

Light weighting opportunities and material choice for commercial vehicle frame structures from a design point of view

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Advances in Manufacturing 2015年第1期3卷 19-26页

作者： Peter Seyfried ed Juarez Mendes Taiss Alexandre Costa Calijorne Fei-Peng Li Qi-Feng Song hamburg University of Applied Sciences Hamburg Germany Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineracao Villa NovaMGBrazil Caltra Projetos & Consultoria Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle Technology Center FAW Technology Center

This paper focuses on an estimation of light weighting opportunities for the frame structure of com- mercial road vehicles. This estimation is based on simpli- fied static load cases which play a predominant role for the dimensioning of a frame structure and therefore these simplifications are not putting the general validity of the conclusions into question. A comparison of different ma- terials under this scenario shows that light metals do not show any weight reduction advantage in comparison to steel while a material-independent topology optimization has more weight reduction potential for the frame structure than a simple change of materials. Considering the con- straints of part complexity which is directly linked with production and assembly cost, the ladder frame structure has become the current state of the art design. Thus the paper also puts a spotlight on basic rules of node design and vertical load induction in order to keep the weight of such a design as low as possible. Practical examples from manufacturers show that the weight of a commercial vehicle could be reduced by 10%, and main parts of the frame structure could be reduced by 30% using high strength steel in combination with innovative production methods like roll forming.

关键词： Ladder frame . Light weighting.Commercialvehicle .Node design - high strength steel - Profilesection . Vertical bending .Topology optimization

A free-breathing non-contrast-enhanced pulmonary magnetic resonance angiography at 3 Tesla

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第18期122卷 2111-2116页

作者： YANG Jian WANG Wei WANG Ya-rong NIU Gang JIN Chen-wang WU ed Xuekui Medical Imaging Center First Hospital School of Medicine Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China Department of electrical and electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China Department of Diagnostic Radiology Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710038 China School of Medicine Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China

Background The breathhold contrast-enhanced three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography （MRA） using Tl-weighted gradient-echo imaging sequence is the standard technique for MRA of the thorax. however, this technique is not desirable for certain patients with respiratory insufficiency, serious renal impairment, or allergy to contrast agents. The objective of this study was to optimize and evaluate a non-contrast-enhanced free-breathing pulmonary MRA protocol at 3 Tesla. Methods The time-of-flight protocol was based on a two-dimensional Tl-weighted turbo field echo sequence with slice-selective inversion recovery and magnetization transfer preparation together with respiratory navigator gating, cardiac gating, and parallel imaging. Optimal values for time of inversion delay, flip angle and slice thickness were experimentally determined and used for all subjects. Results Excellent pulmonary MRA images, in which the 7th order branches of pulmonary arteries could be reliably identified, were obtained in the 12 free-breathing healthy volunteers. TI of -300 ms provides the best suppression of background thoracic and cardiac muscles and effective inflow enhancement. With increasing flip angle, the pulmonary vessels gradually brightened and exhibited optimal contrast at 20°-30°. The 2 mm slice thickness and 0.5 mm slice overlap is suitable for visualization of the peripheral pulmonary vessel. Conclusions The MRA protocol at 3 Tesla may have clinical significance for pulmonary vascular imaging in patients who are not available for contrast-enhanced 3D MRA and CT angiography examination or are unable to sustain a long breath-hold.

关键词： magnetic resonance angiography pulmonary blood vessels

Illustration now! fashion

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Illustration now! fashion

Performance Evaluation ofMulti-Agent Reinforcement Learning Algorithms

作者： ed. Julius Wiedemann.

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2024年第2期39卷 337-352页

作者： Abdulghani M.Abdulghani Mokhles M.Abdulghani Wilbur L.Walters khalid h.Abed Department of electrical&Computer Engineering and Computer Science Jackson State UniversityJacksonMS 39217USA

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning(MARL)has proven to be successful in cooperative *** is used to investigate how autonomous agents with the same interests can connect and act in one *** cooperation scenarios are explored in recreational cooperative augmented reality environments,as well as realworld scenarios in *** this paper,we explore the realm of MARL and its potential applications in cooperative *** focus is on developing a multi-agent system that can collaborate to attack or defend against enemies and achieve victory withminimal *** accomplish this,we utilize the StarCraftMulti-Agent Challenge(SMAC)environment and train four MARL algorithms:Q-learning with Mixtures of Experts(QMIX),Value-DecompositionNetwork(VDN),Multi-agent Proximal PolicyOptimizer(MAPPO),andMulti-Agent Actor Attention Critic(MAA2C).These algorithms allow multiple agents to cooperate in a specific scenario to achieve the targeted *** results show that the QMIX algorithm outperforms the other three algorithms in the attacking scenario,while the VDN algorithm achieves the best results in the defending ***,the VDNalgorithmreaches the highest value of battle wonmean and the lowest value of dead *** research demonstrates the potential forMARL algorithms to be used in real-world applications,such as controllingmultiple robots to provide helpful services or coordinating teams of agents to accomplish tasks that would be impossible for a human to *** SMAC environment provides a unique opportunity to test and evaluate MARL algorithms in a challenging and dynamic environment,and our results show that these algorithms can be used to achieve victory with minimal damage.

关键词： Reinforcement learning RL multi-agent MARL SMAC VDN QMIX MAPPO