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Fabrication of Noble metal-semiconductor hybrid nanostructures using phase transfer

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Nano Research 2013年第2期6卷 121-130页

作者： Tanushree Bala Ajay Singh Ambarish Sanyal Catriona O'Sullivan Fathima Laffir Claudia Coughlan kevin m. ryan materials and Surface Science Institute and Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences University of Limerick Limerick Ireland SFI-Strategic Research Cluster in Solar Energy Research University of Limerick Ireland

An easy and effective solution based procedure for the synthesis of noble metal (both Au and Ag) tipped semiconductor nanomaterials is demonstrated where the metal precursors are taken in water and the semiconductors in organic medium, exploiting the phase transfer and reducing capability of suitably chosen ligands. The phase tranfer route is a generalised approach to form either Ag or Au tips on cadmium chalcogenide nanoparticles and nanorods. While multiple dots of noble metals are formed on the semiconductor nanomaterials initially, these coalesce into larger islands with time. The hybrids are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEm), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A detailed FTIR analysis was also carried out to delineate the role of the ligands in the synthesis.

关键词：半导体纳米材料贵金属相转移纳米结构 X射线光电子能谱制备混合 FTIR分析

Direct visualization of phase-matched efficient second harmonic and broadband sum frequency generation in hybrid plasmonic nanostructures

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 276-285页

作者： Zhe Li Brian Corbett Agnieszka Gocalinska Emanuele Pelucchi Wen Chen kevin m.ryan Pritam Khan Christophe Silien Hongxing Xu Ning Liu Department of Physics and Bernal Institute University of LimerickLimerickIreland The School of Physics and Technology Institute for Advanced Studies and Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Tyndall National Institute University College CorkCorkIreland Institute of Physics Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne(EPFL)CH1015 LausanneSwitzerland Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute University of LimerickLimerickIreland

Second harmonic generation and sum frequency generation(SHG and SFG)provide effective means to realize coherent light at desired frequencies when lasing is not easily *** have found applications from sensing to quantum optics and are of particular interest for integrated photonics at communication *** the footprints of nonlinear components while maintaining their high up-conversion efficiency remains a challenge in the miniaturization of integrated *** we explore lithographically defined AlGaInP nano(micro)structures/Al_(2)O_(3)/Ag as a versatile platform to achieve efficient SHG/SFG in both waveguide and resonant cavity configurations in both narrow-and broadband infrared(IR)wavelength regimes(1300-1600 nm).The effective excitation of highly confined hybrid plasmonic modes at fundamental wavelengths allows efficient SHG/SFG to be achieved in a waveguide of a cross-section of 113 nm×250 nm,with a mode area on the deep subwavelength scale(λ2/135)at fundamental ***,we demonstrate direct visualization of SHG/SFG phase-matching evolution in the *** together with mode analysis highlights the origin of the improved SHG/SFG *** also demonstrate strongly enhanced SFG with a broadband IR source by exploiting multiple coherent SFG processes on 1μm diameter AlGaInP disks/Al_(2)O_(3)/Ag with a conversion efficiency of 14.8%mW^(−1) which is five times the SHG value using the narrowband IR *** both configurations,the hybrid plasmonic structures exhibit>1000 enhancement in the nonlinear conversion efficiency compared to their photonic *** results manifest the potential of developing such nanoscale hybrid plasmonic devices for state-of-the-art on-chip nonlinear optics applications.

关键词： waveguide harmonic optics

millimetric devices for nerve stimulation:a promising path towards miniaturization

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1702-1706页

作者： ryan m.Dorrian Anna V.Leonard Antonio Lauto Spinal Cord Injury Research Group School of BiomedicineThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia School of Science Western Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia

Nerve stimulation is a rapidly developing field,demonstrating positive outcomes across several *** potential benefits,current nerve stimulation devices are large,complicated,and are powered via implanted pulse *** facto rs necessitate invasive surgical implantation and limit potential *** nerve stimulation devices to millimetric sizes would make these interventions less invasive and facilitate broader therapeutic ***,device miniaturization presents a serious engineering *** review presents significant advancements from several groups that have overcome this challenge and developed millimetricsized nerve stimulation *** are based on antennas,mini-coils,magneto-electric and optoelectronic materials,or receive ultrasound *** highlight key design elements,findings from pilot studies,and present several considerations for future applications of these devices.

关键词： biomedical engineering deep brain stimulation electrical engineering electrical stimulation neuromodulation peripheral nerve stimulation

Genetic analyses of ancient tea trees provide insights into the breeding history and dissemination of Chinese Assam tea(Camellia sinensis ***)

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Plant Diversity 2024年第2期46卷 229-237页

作者： miao-miao Li muditha K.meegahakumbura moses C.Wambulwa kevin S.Burgess michael möller Zong-Fang Shen De-Zhu Li Lian-ming Gao CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming650201China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming650201China Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201YunnanChina Department of Export Agriculture Faculty of Animal Science and Export AgricultureUva Wellassa UniversityBadulla90000Sri Lanka Department of Life Sciences School of Science and ComputingSouth Eastern Kenya University170-90200KituiKenya Department of Biology Columbus State UniversityUniversity System of GeorgiaColumbusGA31907-5645USA Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 20A Inverleith RowEdinburghEH35LRScotlandUK Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesLijiang674100YunnanChina

Chinese Assam tea(Camellia sinensis ***)is an important tea crop with a long history of cultivation in Yunnan,*** its potential value as a genetic resource,its genetic diversity and domestication/breeding history remain *** address this issue,we genotyped 469 ancient tea plant trees representing 26 *** *** populations,plus two of its wild relatives(six and three populations of *** and ***,respectively)using 16 nuclear microsatellite *** showed that Chinese Assam tea has a relatively high,but comparatively lower gene diversity(H_(S)=0.638)than the wild relative ***(H_S=0.658).Clustering in STRUCTURE indicated that Chinese Assam tea and its two wild relatives formed distinct genetic groups,with considerable interspecific *** Chinese Assam tea accessions clustered into three gene pools,corresponding well with their geographic ***,New Hybrids analysis indicated that 68.48%of ancient Chinese Assam tea plants from Xishuangbanna were genetic intermediates between the Puer and Lincang gene *** addition,10%of the ancient Chinese Assam tea individuals were found to be hybrids between Chinese Assam tea and *** results suggest that Chinese Assam tea was domesticated separately in three gene pools(Puer,Lincang and Xishuangbanna)in the mekong River valley and that the hybrids were subsequently selected during the domestication *** the domestication history of Chinese Assam tea in southwestern Yunnan remains complex,our results will help to identify valuable genetic resources that may be useful in future tea breeding programs.

关键词： Tea plant Hybrid origin Genetic diversity Domestication history Camellia sinensis var.assamica Camellia taliensis

The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury: an analysis of local cytokine/chemokine regulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel J.Hellenbrand Charles m.Quinn Zachariah J.Piper ryan T.Elder Raveena R.mishra Taylor L.marti Phoebe m.Omuro Rylie m.Roddick Jae Sung Lee William L.murphy Amgad S.Hanna Department of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-Madison

After spinal cord injury, there is an extensive infiltration of immune cells, which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural degeneration. Therefore, a major aim of current research involves targeting the immune response as a treatment for spinal cord injury. Although much research has been performed analyzing the complex inflammatory process following spinal cord injury, there remain major discrepancies within previous literature regarding the timeline of local cytokine regulation. The objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the timeline of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury, identify sexual dimorphisms in terms of cytokine levels, and determine local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord injury. Rats were inflicted with either a mild contusion, moderate contusion, severe contusion, or complete transection, 7 mm of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying times post-injury, and tissue homogenates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chemokine 27-Plex assay. Results demonstrated pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury, but returned to uninjured levels within approximately 24 hours post-injury, while chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 remained upregulated for days post-injury. In contrast, several anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days post-injury. After spinal cord injury, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar development, increased more than all other cytokines tested, reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured rats. After a mild injury, 11 cytokines demonstrated sexual dimorphisms; however, after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between female and male rats. In conclus

关键词： astrocytes chemokines cytokines inflammation macrophages microglia secondary damage spinal cord injury

Smoking cessation prior to elective total joint arthroplasty results in sustained abstinence postoperatively

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第7期15卷 627-634页

作者： Billy Insup Kim Jeffrey O'Donnell Colleen m Wixted Thorsten markus Seyler William A Jiranek michael Paul Bolognesi Sean Patrick ryan Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNY 10021United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery New York UniversityNew YorkNY 10003United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Duke University HospitalDurhamNC 27560United States

BACKGROUND Tobacco use is a well-documented modifiable risk factor for perioperative *** To determine the tobacco abstinence rates of patients who made cessation efforts prior to a total joint arthroplasty(TJA)*** A retrospective evaluation was performed on 88 self-reported tobacco users who underwent TJA between 2014-2022 and had tobacco cessation dates within 3 mo of *** patients were contacted via phone survey to understand their tobacco use pattern,and patient reported outcomes.A total of 37 TJA patients *** Our cohort was on average 61-years-old,60%(n=22)women,with an average body mass index of 30 kg/m^(2).The average follow-up time was 2.9±1.9 years.A total of 73.0%(n=27)of patients endorsed complete abstinence from tobacco use prior to *** cessation methods were used perioperatively including prescription therapy(13.5%),over the counter nicotine replacement(18.9%),cessation programs(5.4%).At final follow up,43.2%(n=16)of prior tobacco smokers reported complete *** who were able to maintain cessation postoperatively had improved Patient-Reported Outcomes measurement Information System(PROmIS)-10 mental health scores(49 vs 58;P=0.01),and hip dysfunction and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint replacement(***)scores(63 vs 82;P=0.02).No patients in this cohort had a prosthetic joint infection or required revision *** We report a tobacco cessation rate of 43.2%in patients undergoing elective TJA nearly 3 years *** undergoing TJA who were able to remain abstinent had improved PROmIS-10 mental health scores and *** *** perioperative period provides clinicians a unique opportunity to assist active tobacco smokers with cessation efforts and improve postoperative outcomes.

关键词： Smoking cessation Total joint arthroplasty Outcomes Tobacco use Postoperative abstinence

Poisoning effect of polyvinyl chloride on the catalytic pyrolysis of mixed plastics over zeolites

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第7期67卷 2265-2273页

作者： Jiangchun Yuan Wenjie Wang Weixiao Sun Zhirong Yang Yueqiang Cao Wenyao Chen Xiaohu Ge Gang Qian Xiang Feng Xuezhi Duan Xinggui Zhou kevin m.Van Geem Jing Zhang State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Laboratory for Chemical Technology(LCT) Department of MaterialsTextiles and Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering&ArchitectureGhent UniversityZwijnaarde B-9052Belgium State Key Lab of Heavy Oil Processing China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580China

Nowadays,the chemical recycling is applied for only 1%of total waste plastics,largely due to contaminants in plastic waste and difficulty in product *** the major contaminant,polyvinyl chloride(PVC)often forms corrosive hydrogen chloride(HCl)during the chemical recycling,which may cause severe catalyst deactivation and equipment ***,the investigation on catalytic pyrolysis(the major route for plastics chemical recycling)of the PVC containing mixed plastics has been rarely ***,catalytic co-pyrolysis of PVC and polyethylene(PE)was studied over an aromatization catalyst,Pt/ZSm-5,since the basic building block aromatics are desired products from plastics chemical *** poisoning effect of PVC vapor on the catalyst stability was explored by collective efforts of thorough product analysis and catalyst *** was found that the HCl evolving from PVC has an autocatalytic effect that promotes the scission of dehydrochlorinated PVC,resulting in the high yield of benzene and acetylene from *** the other hand,the presence of PVC suppressed the aromatics formation from PE,largely due to the poisoning effect of PVC-derived HCl on the Pt/*** deactivation is irreversible as evidenced by the decreased zeolite crystallinity and the loss of strong acid sites that are key to the aromatization,possibly due to the removal of framework Al upon the interaction with *** modification with octadecylphosphonic acid only slightly alleviated the PVC poisoning *** insights on the PVC poisoning of zeolite catalysts provided in this work may guide the process design of chemical recycling of PVC containing waste plastics.

关键词： polyvinyl chloride polyethylene zeolite aromatics deactivation

Speed and surface steepness affect internal tibial loading during running

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 118-124页

作者： Hannah Rice markus Kurz Patrick mai Leon Robertz kevin Bill Timothy R.Derrick Steffen Willwacher Department of Physical Performance Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOslo 0806Norway Sports Tech Research Centre Mid Sweden UniversityÖstersund SE-83125Sweden Department of mechanical and Process Engineering Offenburg University of Applied SciencesOffenburg 77652Germany Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics German Sport University CologneCologne 50933Germany Department of Kinesiology Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

Background:Internal tibial loading is influenced by modifiable factors with implications for the risk of stress *** encounter varied surface steepness(gradients)when running outdoors and may adapt their speed according to the *** study aimed to quantify tibial bending moments and stress at the anterior and posterior peripheries when running at different speeds on surfaces of different ***:Twenty recreational runners ran on a treadmill at 3 different speeds(2.5 m/s,3.0 m/s,and 3.5 m/s)and gradients(level:0%;uphill:+5%,+10%,and+15%;downhill:-5%,-10%,and-15%).Force and marker data were collected synchronously *** moments were estimated at the distal third centroid of the tibia about the medial-lateral axis by ensuring static equilibrium at each 1%of *** was derived from bending moments at the anterior and posterior peripheries by modeling the tibia as a hollow ***-way repeated-measures analysis of variance were conducted using both functional and discrete statistical ***:There were significant main effects for running speed and gradient on peak bending moments and peak anterior and posterior *** running speeds resulted in greater tibial *** uphill at+10%and+15%resulted in greater tibial loading than level *** downhill at-10%and-15%resulted in reduced tibial loading compared to level *** was no difference between+5%or-5%and level ***:Running at faster speeds and uphill on gradients≥+10%increased internal tibial loading,whereas slower running and downhill running on gradients≥-10%reduced internal *** running speed according to the gradient could be a protective mechanism,providing runners with a strategy to minimize the risk of tibial stress injuries.

关键词： Bending moments Gradient musculoskeletal modeling Overuse injury Tibial stress Training factors

Cognitive function among military veterans with STEm occupations

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military medical Research 2024年第2期11卷 308-310页

作者： Justin T.mcDaniel kevin N.Hascup Erin R.Hascup Ugochukwu G.Ezigbo Amanda m.Weidhuner Harvey Henson David L.Albright Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and trEatment(CARE) Southern Illinois University School of MedicineSpringfieldIL 62794USA STEm Education Research Center Southern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIL 62901USA Department of Political Science The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA

Dear Editor,There is limited research on the relationship between science,technology,engineering,and mathematics(STEm)occupational history and cognitive function in later life,especially among military veterans,who may be at greater risk for later-life cognitive *** study examines a nationally representative sample of military veterans to address this gap in knowledge.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Veterans Science technology engineering and mathematics(STEm) Animal fluency test Dementia