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Inflammasome links traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： Gabriela Seplovich Yazan Bouchi Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari Jennifer C.Munoz Pareja Andrew Reisner Laura Blackwell Yehia Mechref kevin K.Wang J.Adrian Tyndall Binu Tharakan Firas Kobeissy Department of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurobiology Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatric Critical Care Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatrics Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Morehouse School of Medicine AtlantaGAUSA

Traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinct neurological disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation includes the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous microtubule-associated protein that protects the integrity of neuronal cytoskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic aggregates. These misfolded proteins are characteristic of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and can lead to downstream neuroinflammatory processes, including assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric protein units that, upon activation, release a cascade of signaling molecules resulting in caspase-induced cell death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β cytokine. One specific inflammasome, the NOD-like receptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like receptor protein 3 activation acts as a causal factor in pathological tau accumulation and spreading. This review begins by describing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and discuss the role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how such tauopathic entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal continuum. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets that may intercept this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurological decline.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease caspase-1 chronic traumatic encephalopathy inflammasomes neurodegeneration neuroinflammation NLRP1 NLRP3 pyroptosis tauopathy traumatic brain injury

A thermodynamic perspective on electrode poisoning in solid oxide fuel cells

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1449-1455页

作者： kevin Huang Department of Mechanical Engineering University of South CarolinaColumbiaUSA

A critical challenge to the commercialization of clean and high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)technology is the insuf-ficient stack lifespan caused by a variety of degradation mechanisms,which are associated with cell components and chemical *** components related degradation refers to thermal/chemical/electrochemical deterioration of cell materials under operating conditions,whereas the latter regards impurities in feedstocks of oxidant(air)and reductant(fuel).This article provides a thermodynamic perspective on the understanding of the impurities-induced degradation mechanisms in *** discussion focuses on using thermodynamic ana-lysis to elucidate poisoning mechanisms in cathodes by impurity species such as Cr,CO_(2),H_(2)O,and SO_(2) and in the anode by species such as S(or H_(2)S),SiO_(2),and P_(2)(or PH_(3)).The author hopes the presented fundamental insights can provide a theoretical foundation for search-ing for better technical solutions to address the critical degradation challenges.

关键词： impurities air fuel reaction activity

Mixed ion and electron transport theory and application in solid oxide conductors

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第4期29卷 870-875页

作者： kevin Huang Department of Mechanical engineering University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 292201USA

Mixed ions and electron conductors(MIECs)are an important family of electrocatalysts for electrochemical devices,such as reversible solid oxide cells,rechargeable metal-air batteries,and oxygen transport *** ionic and electronic transports in these materials play a key role in electrocatalytic *** in-depth fundamental understanding of the transport phenomena is critically needed to develop better *** this brief review,we introduced generic ionic and electronic transport theory based on irreversible thermodynamics and applied it to practical oxide-based materials with oxygen vacancies and electrons/holes as the predominant *** oxide systems,namely CeO_(2)-based and La CrO_(3)-based materials,are selected as case studies to illustrate the utility of the transport theory in predicting oxygen partial pressure distribution across MIECs,electrochemical electronic/ionic leakage currents,and the effects of external load current on the leakage currents.

关键词： irreversible thermodynamics diffusivity charge neutrality electrochemical potential electrostatic potential

Multistage Off-Line Permutation Packet Routing on a Mesh:An Approach with Elementary Mathematics

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2009年第1期24卷 175-180页

作者： kevin Chiew School of Information Systems Singapore Management University80 Stamford RoadSingapore 178902

Various methods have been proposed for off-line permutation packet routing on a mesh. One of the methods is known as multistage routing, in which the first stage is crucial. For the first stage of routing, the previous study normally converts it to a problem of graph theory and proves the existence of solutions. However, there is a lack of simple algorithms to the first stage of routing. This article presents an explicit and simple approach for the first stage of routing based on elementary mathematics.

关键词： permutation packet routing explicit algorithm

Determination of contact parameters for discrete element method simulations of granular systems

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Particuology 2008年第6期6卷 521-528页

作者： kevin Francis Malone Institute of Particle Science and Engineering University of Leeds

Both linear-spring-dashpot （LSD） and non-linear Hertzian-spring-dashpot （HSD） contact models are commonly used for the calculation of contact forces in Discrete Element Method （DEM） simulations of granular systems. Despite the popularity of these models, determination of suitable values for the contact parameters of the simulated particles such as stiffness, damping coefficient, coefficient of restitution, and simulation time step, is not altogether obvious. In this work the relationships between these contact parameters for a model system where a particle impacts on a flat base are examined. Recommendations are made concerning the determination of these contact parameters for use in DEM simulations.

关键词： Discrete Element Method (DEM) Linear-spring--dashpot model Non-linear Hertzian-spring-dashpot model Contact parameters

Interdependence of friction, wear, and noise: A review

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Friction 2021年第6期9卷 1319-1345页

作者： kevin LONTIN Muhammad KHAN Cranfield University MK430ALUK

Phenomena of friction,wear,and noise in mechanical contacts are particularly important in the field of tribomechanics but equally complex if one wants to represent their exact relationship with mathematical *** have been made to describe these phenomena with different approaches in *** efforts have been compiled in different reviews but most of them treated friction,wear mechanics,and acoustic noise ***,an in-depth review that provides a critical analysis on their interdependencies is still *** this review paper,the interdependencies of friction,wear,and noise are analysed in the mechanical contacts at asperitical *** origin of frictional noise,its dependencies on contact’s mechanical properties,and its performance under different wear conditions are critically reviewed.A discussion on the existing mathematical models of friction and wear is also provided in the last section that leads to uncover the gap in the existing *** review concludes that still a comprehensive analytical modelling approach is required to relate the interdependencies of friction,noise,and wear with mathematical expressions.

关键词： noise acoustic emission wear friction

A new method for face detection in colour images for emotional bio-robots

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第11期53卷 2983-2988页

作者： HAPESHI kevin Computing Department University of Gloucestershire

Emotional bio-robots have become a hot research topic in last two decades. Though there have been some progress in research, design and development of various emotional bio-robots, few of them can be used in practical applications. The study of emotional bio-robots demands multi-disciplinary co-operation. It involves computer science, artificial intelligence, 3D computation, engineering system modelling, analysis and simulation, bionics engineering, automatic control, image processing and pattern recognition etc. Among them, face detection belongs to image processing and pattern recognition. An emotional robot must have the ability to recognize various objects, particularly, it is very important for a bio-robot to be able to recognize human faces from an image. In this paper, a face detection method is proposed for identifying any human faces in colour images using human skin model and eye detection method. Firstly, this method can be used to detect skin regions from the input colour image after normalizing its luminance. Then, all face candidates are identified using an eye detection method. Comparing with existing algorithms, this method only relies on the colour and geometrical data of human face rather than using training datasets. From experimental results, it is shown that this method is effective and fast and it can be applied to the development of an emotional bio-robot with further improvements of its speed and accuracy.

关键词： face detection skin colour model eye detection bio-robots

Underground mine stream crossing assessment:A multi-disciplinary approach

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第1期31卷 59-65页

作者： kevin Andrews Steve Keim Marshall Miller&Associates BluefieldVA 24605USA

Underground mine designs typically try to avoid extraction beneath streams and rivers of any significant size,especially when the overburden rock thickness between the stream bed and the mine is *** issues with mining beneath streams include excessive groundwater inflow to the mine,weak ground(roof,floor,and pillar)conditions,horizontal stress effects,as well as stream loss and other potential adverse environmental ***,there are times when crossing beneath a stream or river is necessary to move into a new area of mineral reserve without creating additional mine access points from the ground ***,stream crossings are completed without thorough assessment,potentially resulting in increased costs,decreased safety,and,in some cases,failure to advance the *** of the most favorable location(s)to cross the stream must account for numerous factors and the associated assessment often requires a multi-disciplinary *** crossing investigations often require geological,hydrogeological,geotechnical,and geophysical *** of stream crossing investigations include desktop evaluation of maps and aerial photography,stream bed observations,drilling,detailed rock core logging,downhole geophysical surveying,hydraulic conductivity testing(packer testing),geotechnical laboratory testing,assessment,and *** deliverables from a stream crossing assessment typically include geological,geotechnical,and hydrogeological characterization of potential stream crossing locations,classification of favorable and unfavorable crossing locations,recommendations for entry design and pillar sizing,and recommendations for if,and how,to conduct pre-grouting *** of technical aspects of data collection and assessment are provided based on decades of industry experience conducting stream crossing assessments in various underground mining scenarios.

关键词： Underground mining Geotechnical Stream-crossing Hydrogeology Characterization

Middle and Late Devonian microbial carbonates, reefs and mounds in Guilin, South China and their sequence stratigraphic, paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic significance

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1900-1912页

作者： Pedoja kevin South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology and Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China

Microbial precipitation of calcium carbonate has played a major role in formation of carbonate platforms since the Archean. Also, microbial carbonates and biologically induced ce-ment are important contributors to reef framework volume and rigidity in carbonate platform systems during times of significant environmental change including transgressive events in plat-form environments and the recovery interval following the major biotic crisis. The stratigraphic distribution of different types of microbial carbonates appears to vary within the sequence strati-graphic framework. Reefs and mounds within the Late Devonian carbonate platforms in Guilin, South China are formed primarily by calcimicrobes and biologically induced cement, representing the microbe-dominated and characteristic carbonate buildups within a reefal ecosystem that nearly all reef-building metazoans were absent after the Frasnian/Famennian biotic crisis. Mi-crobial community and microbialite seem to be linked with specific palaeoenvironment and pa-laeoclimate, suggesting that they could be used as indicators of environmental change and biotic events.

关键词： microbial carbonates reefs and mounds palaeoenvironment palaeoclimate Late Devonian Guilin.