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Urbanization does not increase“object curiosity”in vervet monkeys,but semi-urban individuals selectively explore food-related anthropogenic items

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 383-393页

作者： Lindsey Ellington Stephanie mercier Alba Motes-Rodrigo Erica van de Waal Sofa Forss Behavioural&Physiological Ecology University of GroningenP.O.Box 111039700 CCGroningenThe Netherlands Department of Ecology and Evolution University of LausanneBiophore-CH-1015LausanneSwitzerland Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057ZurichSwitzerland School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville3209South Africa

Urban environments expose animals to abundant anthropogenic materials and foods that facilitate foraging innovations in species with oppor-tunistic diets and high behavioral *** and exploration tendency are believed to be important behavioral traits for animals thriving in urban *** monkeys(Chlorocebus pygerythrus)are one of few primate species that have successfully adapted to urban environments,thus making them an ideal species to study these *** a within-species cross-habitat approach,we compared neophilia and exploration of novel objects(jointly referred to as"object curiosity")between semi-urban,wild,and captive monkeys to shed light on the cognitive traits facilitating urban *** measure"object curiosity:"we exposed monkeys to various types of novel stimuli and compared their approaches and explorative *** results revealed differences in the number of approaches and explorative behavior toward novel stimuli between the habitat types *** vervet monkeys were significantly more explorative than both semi-urban and wild troops,sug-gesting that positive experiences with humans and lack of predation,rather than exposure to human materials per se,influence object *** habitats,juvenile males were the most explorative age-sex *** is likely due to males being the dispersing sex and juveniles being more motivated to learn about their ***,we found that items potentially associated with human food,elicited stronger explorative responses in semi-urban monkeys than non-food related objects,suggesting that their motivation to explore might be driven by"anthrophilia'that is,their experience of rewarding foraging on similar anthropogenic food *** conclude that varying levels of exposure to humans,predation and pre-exposure to human food packaging explain variation in"object curiosity"in our sample of vervet monkeys.

关键词： animalurbanization neophilia noveltyresponse object curiosity vervetmonkeys.

A study on wildfire impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and regional air quality in South of Orléans,France

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 521-533页

作者： Chaoyang Xue Gisèle Krysztofiak Yangang Ren Min Cai Patrick mercier Frédéric Le Fur Corinne Robin Benoit Grosselin Véronique Daele Max RMcGillen Yujing Mu Valéry Catoire Abdelwahid Mellouki Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace(LPC2E) CNRS–UniversitéOrléans–CNES(UMR 7328)Orléans Cedex 245071France Institut de Combustion AérothermiqueRéactivitéEnvironnement(ICARE)CNRSOrléans Cedex 245071France Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Lig’Air-Association de surveillance de la qualitéde l’air en région Centre-Val de Loire Saint-Cyr-en-Val 45590France Mohammed V University RabatMorocco

Wildfire events are increasing globally which may be partly associated with climate change,resulting in significant adverse impacts on local,regional air quality and global *** September 2020,a small wildfire(burned area:36.3 ha)event occurred in Souesmes(Loiret-Cher,Sologne,France),and its plume spread out over 200 km on the following day as observed by the MODIS *** on measurements at a suburban site(~50 km northwest of the fire location)in Orléans and backward trajectory analysis,young wildfire plumes were *** increases in gaseous pollutants(CO,CH_(4),N_(2)O,VOCs,etc.)and particles(including black carbon)were found within the wildfire plumes,leading to a reduced air *** factors,defined as EF(X)=ΔX/ΔCO(where,X represents the target species),of various trace gases and black carbon within the young wildfire plumes were determined accordingly and compared with previous *** in the ambient ions(such as ammonium,sulfate,nitrate,chloride,and nitrite in the particle-and gasphase)and aerosol properties(e.g.,aerosol water content,aerosol p H)were also quantified and ***,we estimated the total carbon and climate-related species(e.g.,CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,and BC)emissions and compared them with fire emission *** biomass burning emission inventories have uncertainties in estimating small fire burned areas and *** instance,we found that the Global Fire Assimilation System(GFAS)may underestimate emissions(e.g.,CO)of this small wildfire while other inventories(GFED and FINN)showed significant *** that it is the first time to record wildfire plumes in this region,related atmospheric implications are presented and discussed.

关键词： Wildfire Air quality Emission factor Emission inventory VOLTAIRE supersite

Rockburst in underground excavations:A review of mechanism,classification,and prediction methods

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Underground Space 2022年第4期7卷 577-607页

作者： Mahdi Askaripour Ali Saeidi Alain Rouleau Patrick mercier-Langevin Department of Applied Sciences University of Quebec at ChicoutimiChicoutimi G7H 2B1Canada Geological Survey of Canada Quebec CityQC G1K 9A9Canada

Technical challenges have always been part of underground mining activities,however,some of these challenges grow in complexity as mining occurs in deeper and deeper *** such challenge is rock mass stability and the risk of rockburst *** overcome these challenges,and to limit the risks and impacts of events such as rockbursts,advanced solutions must be developed and best practices *** are common in underground mines and substantially threaten the safety of personnel and equipment,and can cause major disruptions in mine development and *** consist of violent wall rock failures associated with high energy rock projections in response to the instantaneous stress release in rock mass under high strain ***,it is necessary to develop a good understanding of the conditions and mechanisms leading to a rockburst,and to improve risk assessment *** capacity to properly estimate the risks of rockburst occurrence is essential in underground ***,a limited number of studies have examined and compared yet different empirical methods of *** current understanding of this important hazard in the mining industry is summarized in this paper to provide the necessary perspective or tools to best assess the risks of rockburst occurrence in deep *** various classifications of rockbursts and their mechanisms are *** paper also reviews the current empirical methods of rockburst prediction,which are mostly dependent on geomechanical parameters of the rock such as uniaxial compressive strength of the rock,as well as its tensile strength and elasticity *** the end of this paper,some current achievements and limitations of empirical methods are discussed.

关键词： Rockburst Empirical methods Underground instability Rockburst prediction methods

Dietary methionine sources and levels modulate the intestinal health status of broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第4期15卷 242-255页

作者： Lu Gong Tahir Mahmood Yves mercier Huiping Xu Xiaodan Zhang Yizhu Zhao Yimeng Luo Yuming Guo State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China Adisseo France S.A.S 03600CommentryFrance

Given the key role of methionine in biological processes,adequate methionine should be provided to meet the nutritional ***-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid(DL-HMTBA)has been considered as an important source of ***,the effects of different sources and levels of methionine on the intestinal health status have not been clarified *** experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different dietary sources and levels of methionine on the intestinal epithelial barrier,inflammatory cytokines expression,ileal morphology,microbiota composition,and cecal short chain fatty acids(SCFA)*** this purpose,720 male Arbor Acre broiler chicks at 1 d old were randomly assigned to a 2×3 factorial arrangement with 2 methionine sources(DL-methionine and DLHMTBA)and 3 total sulfur amino acids(TSAA)levels(80%,100%,and 120%of Arbor Acre recommendation).The results showed that DL-HMTBA supplementation promoted intestinal physical barrier at both gene expression level of claudin-1 and serum diamine oxidase level(P<0.05),and the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 m RNA expression was down-regulated by dietary DL-HMTBA supplementation compared with the DL-methionine group(P<0.05).Meanwhile,an upregulated gene expression of claudin-1 and zonula occluden-1(ZO-1)were observed in the low-TSAA treatment on d 14(P<0.05),whereas this treatment increased the expression of IL-1βand IL-6(P<0.05).Villus height to crypt depth ratio was high(P<0.05)in the middle-level TSAA ***,DL-HMTBA supplementation optimized the microbiota of the ileum especially the relative abundance of Lactobacillus,where the digestion and absorption were completed,and elevated the concentrations of SCFA(acetate,propionate,and butyrate)in the cecal content on d 21(P<0.01).In conclusion,dietary DL-HMTBA supplementation improved the intestinal barrier function,immune homeostasis and optimized the microbiota to promote intestinal health status in broiler chickens.

关键词： Chicken Methionine 2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid Intestinal health Intestinal barrier

A systematic review of metabolism of methionine sources in animals:One parameter does not convey a comprehensive story

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 31-49页

作者： Philippe Becquet Mercedes Vazquez-Anon Yves mercier Karen Wedekind Tahir Mahmood Dolores I.Batonon-Alavo Frances Yan International Methionine Analogue Association Regus Brussels City CentreStephanie SquareAvenue Louise65B-1050 BrusselsBelgium Novus International Inc. 20 Research Park DriveSaint CharlesMissouri 63304USA Adisseo France SAS Antony Parc II10 Place Du General de GaulleAntony 92160France

The goal of this review article,based on a systematic literature search,is to critically assess the state of knowledge and experimental methodologies used to delineate the conversion and metabolism of the 2 methionine(Met)sources DL-methionine(DL-Met)and DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid(HMTBa).The difference in the chemical structures of HMTBa and DL-Met indicates that these molecules are absorbed and metabolized differently in *** review explores the methodologies used to describe the 2-step enzymatic conversion of the 3 enantiomers(D-HMTBa,L-HMTBa and D-Met)to L-Met,as well as the site of conversion at the organ and tissue *** work was published documenting the conversion of HMTBa and D-Met into L-Met and,consequently,the incorporation into protein using a variety of in vitro techniques,such as tissue homogenates,cell lines,primary cell lines,and everted gut sacs of individual *** studies illustrated the role of the liver,kidney,and intestine in the con-version of Met precursors into L-Met.A combination of in vivo studies using stable isotopes and infusions provided evidence of the wide conversion of HMTBa to L-Met by all tissues and how some tissues are net users of HMTBa,whereas others are net secreters of L-Met derived from *** of D-Met to L-Met in organs other than the liver and kidney is poorly *** methodology cited in the literature to determine conversion efficiency ranged from measurements of urinary,fecal,and respiratory excretion to plasma concentration and tissue incorporation of isotopes after intraperitoneal and oral *** observed between these methodologies reflect differences in the metabolism of Met sources rather than differences in conversion *** factors affecting conversion efficiency are explored in this paper and are mostly associated with extreme dietary conditions,such as noncommercial crystalline diets that are very deficient in total sulfur amino a

关键词： DL-Methionine Hydroxy-analog of methionine 2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid Conversion Metabolism Methodology

Absorption of methionine sources in animals-is there more to know?

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 159-170页

作者： Philippe Becquet Mercedes Vazquez-Anon Yves mercier Dolores I.Batonon-Alavo Frances Yan Karen Wedekind Tahir Mahmood IMAA BrusselsBelgium Novus International Saint CharlesMissouriUSA Adisseo France SAS AntonyFrance

This literature review evaluates the absorption of methionine (Met) sources such as 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid (HMTBa), its calcium salts (HMTBa-Ca), and DL-methionine (DL-Met) by focusing on the state of knowledge regarding the absorption mechanism, experimental methodology, and factors affecting their absorption. The 2 Met sources differ in mechanism and site of absorption due to differences in their chemical characteristics and enzymatic conversion. This review addresses diffusion- and transport-mediated absorption systems for amino acids and carboxylic compounds, best elucidated by in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models. Opportunities and limitations in the use of radioisotopes to depict absorption sites as well as host and microbial metabolism are described. Physiological and environmental conditions that lead to changes in gut absorptive capacity and the impact of Met source absorption are also evaluated. This review concludes that any comparison between HMTBa and DL-Met should consider their different behaviors during the absorption phase. Hence, the chemical characteristics of these 2 molecules entail different absorption sites and mechanisms, from passive absorption in the case of HMTBa and HMTBa-Ca to active transporters for DL-Met, HMTBa, and HMTBa-Ca. In addition, the different conversion modes of these 2 molecules further differentiate their absorption modes. Considering these important differences, it is easier to understand the apparent divergence between the conclusions of existing publications. When comparing these 2 molecules, it is recommended to properly adapt to the conditions under which the absorption of Met sources is evaluated.

关键词： DL-Methionine Hydroxy-analog of methionine 2-Hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid AbsorptionM ethodology

A new hemostatic agent composed of Zn^(2+)-enriched Ca^(2+)alginate activates vascular endothelial cells in vitro and promotes tissue repair in vivo

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第12期7卷 368-382页

作者： Anne-Charlotte Ponsen Richard Proust Sabrina Soave Françoise mercier-Nom´e Isabelle Garcin Laurent Combettes Jean-Jacques Lataillade Georges Uzan INSERM UMRS-MD 1197 Universit´e Paris-SaclayInstitut Andr´e LwoffHˆopital Paul BrousseVillejuifFrance Plateforme d’Histologie Immunopathologie de Clamart(PHIC) Universit´e Paris-SaclayINSERMCNRSInstitut Paris Saclay d’Innovation Th´erapeutiqueChˆatenay-MalabryFrance Universit´e Paris-Saclay INSERMInflammationMicrobiome and ImmunosurveillanceClamartFrance INSERM UMRS 1174 Universit´e Paris-SaclayOrsayFrance Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Arm´ees ClamartFrance

To control capillary bleeding, surgeons may use absorbable hemostatic agents, such as Surgicel® and TachoSil®. Due to their slow resorption, their persistence in situ can have a negative impact on tissue repair in the resected organ. To avoid complications and obtain a hemostatic agent that promotes tissue repair, a zinc-supplemented calcium alginate compress was developed: HEMO-IONIC®. This compress is non-absorbable and is therefore removed once hemostasis has been achieved. After demonstrating the hemostatic efficacy and stability of the blood clot obtained with HEMO-IONIC, the impact of Surgicel, TachoSil, and HEMO-IONIC on cell activation and tissue repair were compared (i) in vitro on endothelial cells, which are essential to tissue repair, and (ii) in vivo in a mouse skin excision model. In vitro, only HEMO-IONIC maintained the phenotypic and functional properties of endothelial cells and induced their migration. In comparison, Surgicel was found to be highly cytotoxic, and TachoSil inhibited endothelial cell migration. In vivo, only HEMO-IONIC increased angiogenesis, the recruitment of cells essential to tissue repair (macrophages, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells), and accelerated maturation of the extracellular matrix. These results demonstrate that a zinc-supplemented calcium alginate, HEMO-IONIC, applied for 10 min at the end of surgery and then removed has a long-term positive effect on all phases of tissue repair.

关键词： Hemostatic agent Alginate Surgery Hemostasis Endothelial cells Tissue repair

Dietary supplementation with 2-hydroxy-4-methyl(thio)butanoic acid and DL-methionine improves productive performance,egg quality and redox status of commercial laying ducks

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 101-110页

作者： Yanan Zhang Zhiwei Zhuang Tahir Mahmood Yves mercier Yongyan Jin Xuebing Huang Kaichao Li Shuang Wang Weiguang Xia Shenglin Wang Miao Yu Wei Chen Chuntian Zheng Institute of Animal Science Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science(South China)of Ministry of AgricultureState Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry BreedingGuangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionGuangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition510640GuangzhouChina Institute of Life Science and Engineering Foshan University528200FoshanChina Adisseo France S.A.S.Centre of Excellence and Research in Nutrition CommentryFrance

This experiment aimed to study the effects of supplemental methionine sources,2-hydroxy-4 methyl(thio)butanoic acid(HMTBa)and DL-Methionine(DL-Met),on productive performance,egg quality,and redox status of laying ducks.A total of 792 healthy 25-wk-old Longyan laying ducks with similar body weights were randomly allotted to 11 treatment *** treatment group had 6 replicates of 12 *** trial lasted for 16 *** were fed a basal deficient diet(Met:0.24%;Met+Cys:0.51%)or supplemented with DL-Met or HMTBa at 0.05%,0.12%,0.19%,0.26%,and 0.33%of diet,*** with the basal diet,supplementation with either DL-Met or HMTBa increased the average egg weight,egg mass,and decreased feed to egg ratio during the whole trial period(P<0.05).Albumen weight and its ratio to total egg weight were increased,but yolk and shell ratio,albumen height,Haugh unit and shell breaking strength were decreased(P<0.05).Dietary DL-Met or HMTBa supplementation increased taurine,methionine,leucine,tryptophan and arginine content,and decreased serine and lysine content in plasma(P<0.05).The redox status of laying ducks was improved by enhancing the glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities,glutathione content and its ratio relative to glutathione(oxidized)content and decreasing malondialdehyde content and increasing mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase-1,glutathione peroxidase-1,hemeoxygenase-1 and nuclear factor-like 2 in liver and ileum with the supplementation of DL-Met or HMTBa(P<0.05).Liver health status measured by average area proportion lipid droplet was improved with supplementation of DL-Met or HMTBa(P<0.05).Villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum and the ileal gene expression of tight junction protein and occludin were increased with DL-Met or HMTBa supplementation(P<0.05).Taken together,these results suggested that the efficacy of dietary supplementation of HMTBa was similar to DL-Met,and it ranged from 98%to 100%for productive

关键词： DL-Methionine 2-Hydroxy-4 methyl(thio)butanoic acid Productive performance Efficacy Laying duck

NONLOCAL CROWD DYNAMICS MODELS FOR SEVERAL POPULATIONS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2012年第1期32卷 177-196页

作者： Rinaldo M.Colombo Magali Lcureux-mercier Department of Mathematics Brescia University Department of Mathematics TechnionIsrael Institute of Technology

This paper develops the basic analytical theory related to some recently intro- duced crowd dynamics models. Where well posedness was known only locally in time, it is here extended to all of R＋. The results on the stability with respect to the equations are improved. Moreover, here the case of several populations is considered, obtaining the well posedness of systems of multi-D non-local conservation laws. The basic analytical tools are provided by the classical Kruzkov theory of scalar conservation laws in several space dimensions.

关键词： hyperbolic conservation laws nonlocal flow pedestrian traffic