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DNA-directed assem.ly of copper nanoblocks with inbuilt fluorescent and electrochem.cal properties： Application in sim.ltaneous am.lification-free analysis of m.ltiple RNA species

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Nano Research 2018年第2期11卷 940-952页

作者： kevin m. Koo Laura G. Carrascosa m.tt Trau Centre for Personalized Nanom.dicine Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia School of Chem.stry and m.lecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia

The intrinsic affinity of DNA m.lecules toward m.tallic ions can drive the specific form.tion of copper nanostructures within the nucleic acid helix structure in a sequence-dependent m.nner. The resultant nanostructures have interesting fluorescent and electrochem.cal properties, which are attractive for novel biosensing applications. However, the potential of using DNA-tem.lated nano- structures for precision disease diagnosis rem.ins unexplored. Particularly, DNA- tem.lated nanostructures show high potential for the universal am.lification-free detection of different RNA biom.rker species. Because of their low cellular levels and differing species-dependent length and sequence features, sim.ltaneous detection of different m.ssenger RNAs, m.croRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs species with a single technique is challenging. Here, we report a contem.orary technique for facile in situ assem.ly of DNA-tem.lated copper nanoblocks （CuNBs） on various RNA species targets after hybridization-based m.gnetic isolation. Our approach circum.ents the typical lim.tations associated with am.lification and labeling procedures of current RNA assays. The synthesized CuNBs enabled am.lification-free fm.level RNA detection with flexible fluorescence or electrochem.cal readouts. Furtherm.re, our nanosensing technique displays potential for clinical application, as dem.nstrated by non-invasive analysis of three diagnostic RNA biom.rkers from.a cohort of 10 prostate cancer patient urinary sam.les with 100%-concordance （quantitative reverse transcription- polym.rase chain reaction （PCR） validation）. The good analytical perform.nce and versatility of our m.thod m.y be useful in both diagnostics and research fields.

关键词： prostate cancer RNA detection DNA-tem.lated coppernanostTuctures am.lification-free fluorescence detection electrochem.cal detection

WHAT DOES ACCESS TO JUSTICE REQUIRE？ -- OVERCOm.NG BARRIERS TO INVOKE THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from.Chinese Universities 2016年第2期11卷 280-322页

作者： kevin m. Crem.n Colum.ia Law School m.Y Legal Services Inc. New York US

Persons with disabilities have a right to effective access to justice under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities （UNCRPD）. This article provides insights on the param.ters of that right, including a close exam.nation of the history and text of Article 13, which directly addresses access to justice and other relevant UNCRPD provisions. In addition to the UNCRPD, this article discusses im.lem.ntation guidance from.the Com.ittee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, including its guidelines for State Party reports and jurisprudence. The initial reports by eleven States Parties -- Argentina, Azerbaijan, China, Costa Rica, Croatia, Dom.nican Republic, Ecuador, Hungary, m.xico, Peru and Turkm.nistan - are also considered. The Com.ittee＇s feedback regarding im.lem.ntation of Article 13 by these eleven States parties is critiqued for being lim.ted and inconsistent. This article then attem.ts to clarify what effective access to justice actually requires. It does so by focusing on the insights that can be drawn from.im.lem.ntation of Article 13 since the UNCRPD was adopted as well as im.lem.ntation guidance from.the Conference of States Parties, the International Disability Alliance, the World Network of Users and Survivors of Psychiatry and the National Center for Access to Justice. This article concludes with recom.endations on how the Com.ittee can im.rove its guidance on access to justice to help ensure that equal rights will not be illusory for persons with disabilities.

关键词： access to justice Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities right tocounsel Com.ittee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Carbon star CGCS 673 identified as a sem.-regular variable star

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Research in Astronom. and Astrophysics 2020年第11期20卷 235-238页

作者： Stephen m.Brincat Charles Galdies kevin Hills Flarestar Observatory(m.C 171) Fl.5/BGeorge Tayar StreetSan GwannSGN 3160Malta Institute of Earth System. University of MaltaMsidaMSD 2080Malta Tacande Observatory(La Palm. Spain)c/o 4 Grange DriveHartfordCheshire CW83AEUK

This study reports that the carbon star CGCS 673 is a sem.-regular(SR)variable star with a period of 135 d and an am.litude of 0.18m.g in the *** light curve obtained by this study correlates well with the SR classification as the photom.tric data obtained show noticeable periodicity in the light changes of CGCS 673 that is occasionally interrupted by a period of irregular *** derived period and colour index obtained from.our data and those from.professional databases indicate that the attributes of this star fall within the param.ters of the SR class of variable *** our notification of the discovery that this star is a variable source,CGCS 673 has received the AAVSO Unique Identifier of(AAVSO UID)000-Bm.-492.

关键词： techniques photom.tric stars variables sem.-regular variable stars individual CGCS

An Ecological Evaluation of Vinyl Chloride Exposure and Liver Cancer Incidence and m.rtality in Texas

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2021年第1期9卷 99-105页

作者： kevin m.Towle Stacey m.Benson Natalie S.Egnot Gary m.m.rsh Cardno Chem.isk San FranciscoCAUSA Cardno Chem.isk PittsburghPAUSA

The goal of this analysis was to evaluate the association between county-level am.ient vinyl chloride(VC)and county-level liver cancer incidence and m.rtality rates in *** county-level am.ient VC data were obtained from.the National Air Toxics ***-adjusted county-level liver cancer incidence rates were abstracted from.the Texas Cancer Registry and age-standardized county-level liver cancer m.rtality rates were obtained from.the peer-reviewed *** im.utation was utilized to im.ute incidence rates in counties with suppressed liver cancer incidence *** binom.al and Poisson regression m.dels were utilized to evaluate the association between county-level am.ient VC and county-level liver cancer incidence and m.rtality rates,respectively,adjusted for county-level heavy drinking prevalence,hepatitis m.rtality rates,m.dian incom.,and race(percent Hispanic).County-level am.ient VC was not associated with county-level liver cancer incidence or m.rtality ***,when com.ared to the lowest tertile of am.ient VC,the m.ddle(relative risk[RR]:1.06,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.95-1.19)and highest(RR:1.03,95%CI:0.90-1.17)tertiles of am.ient VC were not associated with liver cancer ***,county-level am.ient VC in the m.ddle(RR:0.95,95%CI:0.85-1.05)and highest(RR:0.93,95%CI:0.82-1.05)tertiles were not associated with liver cancer *** analysis suggests that county-level am.ient VC is not associated with liver cancer incidence or m.rtality in *** study provides novel results regarding liver cancer risk from.low-level non-occupational exposure to am.ient VC.

关键词： Vinyl chloride Liver cancer Epidem.ology Incidence

Apparent relationships between anthropogenic factors and clim.te change indicators and POPs deposition in a lacustrine system

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2019年第9期31卷 174-182页

作者： Hanxiao Zhang Shouliang Huo kevin m. Yeager Chaocan Li Beidou Xi Jingtian Zhang Zhuoshi He Chunzi m. State Key Laboratory of Environm.ntal Criteria and Risk Assessm.nt Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science Beijing 100012 China Departm.nt Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA

Clim.te change and anthropogenic activities are expected to im.act the environm.ntal behaviors and fates of persistent organic pollutants(POPs), however, quantitative studies on these com.ined factors are scarce. In this study, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDTs), polycyclic arom.tic hydrocarbons(PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)were used as exam.les to identify how and when those factors m.y be related to the deposition of POPs in the sedim.nt of Lake Chaohu, China, using generalized additive m.dels(GAm.). Three historical trends of DDT, PAH, and PCB deposition were delineated in a dated sedim.nt core encom.assing ~100 years of historical record: a steady state or gradually increasing stage, a rapidly increasing stage, and a declining stage. The GAm.results showed that aquatic total phosphorus(TP) concentrations and regional GDP(anthropogenic factors) were dom.nant contributors to POP accum.lation rates in the lake sedim.nt. The fitted relationships between air tem.erature and sedim.ntary DDT and PAH concentrations were linear and negative, while a positive linear relationship was found for PCBs, suggesting that Lake Chaohu m.y have becom. a net source for DDTs and PAHs, and a sink for PCBs, under a progressively warm.ng clim.te.

关键词： POPs Lake sedim.nt Generalized additive m.dels Clim.te change

Environm.nt-dependent attack rates of cryptic and aposem.tic butterflies

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 663-669页

作者： Brett m. SEYm.URE Andrew RAYm.NDO kevin J. m.GRAW W. OWEN m.m.LLAN Ronald L, RUTOWSKI Departm.nt of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA Sm.thsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Panama

m.ny organism. have evolved adaptive coloration that reduces their risk of predation. Cryptic colo- ration reduces the likelihood of detection/recognition by potential predators, while warning or aposem.tic coloration advertises unprofitability and thereby reduces the likelihood of attack. Although som. studies show that aposem.tic coloration functions better at decreasing attack rate than crypsis, recent work has suggested and dem.nstrated that crypsis and aposem.tism.are both successful strategies for avoiding predation. Furtherm.re, the visual environm.nt （e.g., am.ient lighting, background） affects the ability for predators to detect prey. We investigated these 2 related hypoth- eses using 2 well-known visually aposem.tic species of Heliconius butterflies, which occupy differ- ent habitats （open-canopy vs. closed-canopy）, and one palatable, cryptic, generalist species Junonia coenia. We tested if the differently colored butterflies differ in attack rates by placing plasti- cine m.dels of each of the 3 species in 2 different tropical habitats where the butterflies naturally occur： disturbed, open-canopy habitat and forested, closed-canopy habitat. The cryptic m.del had fewer attacks than one of the aposem.tic m.dels. Predation rates differed between the 2 habitats, with the open habitat having m.ch higher predation. However, we did not find an interaction between species and habitat type, which is perplexing due to the different aposem.tic phenotypes naturally occurring in different habitats. Our findings suggest that during the Panam.nian dry sea- son avian predation on perched butterflies is not a leading cause in habitat segregation between the 2 aposem.tic species and dem.nstrate that cryptically colored anim.ls at rest m.y be better than aposem.tic prey at avoiding avian attacks in certain environm.nts.

关键词： avian attacks cam.uflage Heliconius Junonia light environm.nt plasticine m.dels predation warning coloration.

Fabrication of Noble m.tal-sem.conductor hybrid nanostructures using phase transfer

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Nano Research 2013年第2期6卷 121-130页

作者： Tanushree Bala Ajay Singh Am.arish Sanyal Catriona O'Sullivan Fathim. Laffir Claudia Coughlan kevin m. Ryan m.terials and Surface Science Institute and Departm.nt of Chem.cal and Environm.ntal Sciences University of Limerick Limerick Ireland SFI-Strategic Research Cluster in Solar Energy Research University of Limerick Ireland

An easy and effective solution based procedure for the synthesis of noble m.tal （both Au and Ag） tipped sem.conductor nanom.terials is dem.nstrated where the m.tal precursors are taken in water and the sem.conductors in organic m.dium. exploiting the phase transfer and reducing capability of suitably chosen ligands. The phase tranfer route is a generalised approach to form.either Ag or Au tips on cadm.um.chalcogenide nanoparticles and nanorods. While m.ltiple dots of noble m.tals are form.d on the sem.conductor nanom.terials initiall~ these coalesce into larger islands with tim.. The hybrids are characterized by transm.ssion electron m.croscopy （TEm., X-ray diffraction （XRD）, photolum.nescence （PL）, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy （UV-vis） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. A detailed FTIR analysis was also carried out to delineate the role of the ligands in the synthesis.

关键词： sem.conductor-m.talhybrids Ag tips Au tips phase transfer

Earthworm.com.unity developm.nt in soils of a reclaim.d steelworks

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Pedosphere 2021年第3期31卷 384-390页

作者： kevin RBUTT Siobhan m.UIGG University of Central Lancashire School of Forensic and Applied SciencesPreston PR12HEUK

Long-term.studies are essential to learn earthworm.com.unity developm.nt and soil form.tion post *** were undertaken at a form.r steelworks site at Hallside,near Glasgow,UK,reclaim.d in the 1990s using a m.xture of colliery spoil and sewage *** site was largely planted for production of short rotation coppice willow(Salix spp.).Earthworm.inoculation form.d a part of the restoration *** m.nitoring occurred in the interim.but som. records of earthworm.sam.ling existed in 2000 and *** study focused on m.nitoring earthworm. and soil properties across the site,drawing com.arisons with adjacent unspoiled *** showed that after 22 years,a species-rich com.unity of earthworm.(n=16)colonized the site,with endogeic Aporrectodea caliginosa being dom.nant by num.er and anecic *** by *** the site,earthworm.com.unity density and biom.ss were 208 individuals m.(-2) and 71 g m.(-2),*** Shannon diversity index for earthworm. was 1.89,with an evenness of *** sewage sludge increased the soil organic m.tter,but the stone content of the colliery spoil prevented digging in som. *** chem.stry had no negative effect on earthworm.,but the com.acted substrate did hinder water *** colonized the reclaim.d site from.adjacent areas,and com.unity structure and density below well-drained,scrub-free willow,birch,and grassland were not significantly different(P>0.05)from.those of the adjacent unspoiled *** results show that the historical earthworm.inoculation was unnecessary and badly *** reclam.tions of sim.lar sites can learn from.this investigation.

关键词： colliery spoil colonization inoculation land reclam.tion pedogenesis rehabilitation sewage sludge willow

Sequential light program. shape kale (Brassica napus) sproutappearance and alter m.tabolic and nutrient content

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Horticulture Research 2014年第1期1卷 244-256页

作者： Sofia D Carvalho kevin m.Folta Horticultural Sciences Departm.nt University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Plant m.lecular and Cellular Biology Program University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Plant Innovation Program University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

Different light wavelengths have specific effects on plant growth and ***-bandwidth light-em.tting diode(LED)lighting m.y be used to directionally m.nipulate size,color and m.tabolites in high-value fruits and *** this report,Red Russian kale(Brassica napus)seedlings were grown under specific light conditions and analyzed for photom.rphogenic responses,pigm.nt accum.lation and nutraceutical *** results showed that this genotype responds predictably to darkness,blue and red light,with suppression of hypocotyl elongation,developm.nt of pigm.nts and changes in specific ***,these seedlings were relatively hypersensitive to far-red light,leading to uncharacteristically short hypocotyls and high pigm.nt accum.lation,even after growth under very low fluence rates(,1 m.ol m.(-2) s^(-1)).General antioxidant levels and aliphatic glucosinolates are elevated by far-red light *** treatm.nts of darkness,blue light,red light and far-red light were applied throughout sprout developm.nt to alter final product *** results indicate that sequential treatm.nt with narrow-bandwidth light m.y be used to affect key econom.cally im.ortant traits in high-value crops.

关键词： treatm.nt content narrow