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A Comprehensive Overview of Skeletal Phenotypes Associated with Alterations in Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Humans and Mice

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Bone Research 2013年第1期1卷 27-71页

作者： kevin A.Maupin Casey j.Droscha Bart O.Williams Program for Skeletal Pathobiology and Center for Tumor Metastasis Van Andel Research Institute333 Bostwick NEGrand RapidsMI 49503USA

The Wnt signaling pathway plays key roles in differentiation and development and alterations in this signaling pathway are causally associated with numerous human diseases. While several laboratories were examining roles for Wnt signaling in skeletal development during the 1990s, interest in the pathway rose exponentially when three key papers were published in 2001-2002. One report found that loss of the Wnt co-receptor, Low-density lipoprotein related protein-5 （LRPS）, was the underlying genetic cause of the syndrome Osteoporosis pseudoglioma （OPPG）. OPPG is characterized by early-onset osteoporosis causing increased susceptibility to debilitating fractures. Shortly thereafter, two groups reported that individuals carrying a specific point mutation in LRP5 （G171V） develop high-bone mass. Subsequent to this, the causative mechanisms for these observations heightened the need to understand the mechanisms by which Wnt signaling controlled bone development and homeostasis and encouraged significant investment from biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies to develop methods to activate Wnt signaling to increase bone mass to treat osteoporosis and other bone disease. In this review, we will briefly summarize the cellular mechanisms underlying Wnt signaling and discuss the observations related to OPPG and the high-bone mass disorders that heightened the appreciation of the role of Wnt signaling in normal bone development and homeostasis. We will then present a comprehensive overview of the core components of the pathway with an emphasis on the phenotypes associated with mice carrying genetically engineered mutations in these genes and clinical observations that further link alterations in the pathway to changes in human bone.

关键词： Wnt signaling mouse models Lrp5/Lrp6 -catenin skeletal phenotypes

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Frontier orbitals and quasiparticle energy levels in ionic liquids

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 441-447页

作者： juhan Matthias Kahk Ivar Kuusik Vambola Kisand kevin R.j.Lovelock johannes Lischner Department of Materials Imperial College LondonSouth KensingtonLondon SW72AZUK Institute of Physics University of TartuW.Ostwaldi 150411 TartuEstonia School of Chemistry Food and PharmacyUniversity of ReadingReading RG66DXUK Department of Physics and Department of Materials and the Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK

Ionic liquids play an important role in many technological applications and a detailed understanding of their frontier molecular orbitals is required to optimize interfacial barriers,reactivity and stability with respect to electron injection and *** this work,we calculate quasiparticle energy levels of ionic liquids using first-principles many-body perturbation theory within the GW approximation and compare our results to various mean-field approaches,including semilocal and hybrid density-functional theory and *** find that the mean-field results depend qualitatively and quantitatively on the treatment of exchange-correlation effects,while GW calculations produce results that are in excellent agreement with experimental photoelectron spectra of gas phase ion pairs and ionic *** results establish the GW approach as a valuable tool for understanding the electronic structures of ionic liquids.

关键词： liquids ionic quasi

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Friction characteristics of confined inflatable structures

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Friction 2014年第4期2卷 365-390页

作者： Eduardo M.SOSA Gregory j.THOMPSON Ever j.BARBERO Subhadeep GHOSH kevin L.PEIL Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26506-6103USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26506-6106USA

The availability of high‐strength fabrics and progress in the development of large‐scale inflatable technology made possible the creation of temporary and quickly deployable structures for protection of underground *** structures are relatively lightweight and portable,and can maintain the required rigidity while in *** benefits have prompted the development of inflatable structures for use in confined spaces,such as tunnels and large‐diameter pipes to act as barriers for containing flooding with minimal infrastructure *** work presents experimental results obtained from the evaluation of frictional characteristics of the fabric material that constitute the structural membrane of confined inflatable structures developed for protection of underground transportation tunnels and other large *** tests at coupon level and slippage tests in a reduced‐scale inflatable structure were performed in order to evaluate the frictional characteristics of Vectran *** at coupon level were performed to determine the friction coefficient for different surface types and *** with the reduced‐scale inflatable structure contributed to the understanding of the friction characteristics at system level when subjected to different pressurization or depressurization sequences designed to induce *** results indicate that friction coefficient values at coupon level are about 29 percent higher than values derived from reduced‐scale tests.

关键词： friction fabric materials inflatable structures slippage Vectran

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Introduction to probability with Mathematica 2nd ed

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2010年

作者： Hastings, kevin j.,

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Tree community composition,structure and diversity along an elevational gradient in an Andean forest of Northern Ecuador

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journal of Mountain Science 2021年第9期18卷 2315-2327页

作者： jIMÉNEZ-PAZ Rosa WORTHY Samantha j VALENCIA Renato PÉREZÁlvaro j REYNOLDS Alex BARONE john A BURGESS kevin S Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas Escuela de Ciencias BiológicasFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesPontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorQuito 17-01-2184Ecuador Department of Biology College of Letters&SciencesColumbus State UniversityColumbusGeorgia 31907USA Herbario QCA Escuela de Ciencias BiológicasFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesPontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorQuito 17-01-2184Ecuador The Lovett School AtlantaGeorgia 30327USA

The Andean forests of northern Ecuador are known for their high levels of plant diversity relative to the area they ***,these forests grow on steep slopes that lead to dramatic habitat gradients across short *** extreme habitat gradients make the Andean forest ecosystem an excellent natural laboratory for understanding the effect of elevation on forest community diversity,structure and *** established 31 plots(50 m×5 m)which are divided between two elevational transects in the cloud forest of the Siempre Verde Reserve in the western foothills of the Andes Mountains of northern *** trees and tree ferns with a diameter at breast height(dbh)≥5 cm were measured and *** examined changes in community composition,structure,and diversity along and between the elevational transects and three elevational zones:low(2437–2700 m),middle(2756–3052 m),and high(3163–3334 m).We found four main trends associated with the elevational gradients at this site:(1)community composition differed between the two transects and among the three elevational zones according to N-MDS,ANOSIM,and percentage of shared species,with some species having limited distributions,(2)metrics of community structure showed opposite relationships with elevation,depending on the transect,with the only significant relationship(negative)found between basal area and elevation in the open trail transect,(3)alpha diversity,in general,peaked at mid-elevations,and(4)beta diversity consistently increased with distance between plots along *** complexity of changes in community composition,structure,and alpha diversity along elevation may be related to the heterogeneity of the environment on a local scale,such as topography,soil composition,and even human impact,or to dispersal limitation and should be investigated *** changes in community composition and the relatively high beta diversity found at this site exemplify the biological complexity of mon

关键词： Elevational gradient Cloud forest Andes Structure Composition Diversity

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NOTES ON “MULTICRITERIA FUZZY DECISION-MAKING METHOD BASED ON A NOVEL ACCURACY FUNCTION UNDER INTERVAL-VALUED INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY ENVIRONMENT”

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journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2010年第4期19卷 504-508页

作者： kevin W. LI Zhoujing WANG Odette School of Business University of Windsor Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100083 China Department of Automation Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China

This note points outs the inappropriateness of an accuracy function introduced by Ye [Ye, j. （2009）. Multicriteria fuzzy decision-making method based on a novel accuracy function under interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy environment. Expert Systems with Applications, 36 （3）： 6899-6902] and its misleading use for comparing two interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers.

关键词： Interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set accuracy function score function multicriteria decision-making

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Current landscape in motoneuron regeneration and reconstruction for motor cranial nerve injuries

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第9期15卷 1639-1649页

作者： Yanjun Xie kevin j.Schneider Syed A.Ali Norman D.Hogikyan Eva L.Feldman Michael j.Brenner Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA

The intricate anatomy and physiology of cranial nerves have inspired clinicians and scientists to study their roles in the nervous system. Damage to motor cranial nerves may result from a variety of organic or iatrogenic insults and causes devastating functional impairment and disfigurement. Surgical innovations directed towards restoring function to injured motor cranial nerves and their associated organs have evolved to include nerve repair, grafting, substitution, and muscle transposition. In parallel with this progress, research on tissue-engineered constructs, development of bioelectrical interfaces, and modulation of the regenerative milieu through cellular, immunomodulatory, or neurotrophic mechanisms has proliferated to enhance the available repertoire of clinically applicable reconstructive options. Despite these advances, patients continue to suffer from functional limitations relating to inadequate cranial nerve regeneration, aberrant reinnervation, or incomplete recovery of neuromuscular function. These shortfalls have profound quality of life ramifications and provide an impetus to further elucidate mechanisms underlying cranial nerve denervation and to improve repair. In this review, we summarize the literature on reconstruction and regeneration of motor cranial nerves following various injury patterns. We focus on seven cranial nerves with predominantly efferent functions and highlight shared patterns of injuries and clinical manifestations. We also present an overview of the existing reconstructive approaches, from facial reanimation, laryngeal reinnervation, to variations of interposition nerve grafts for reconstruction. We discuss ongoing endeavors to promote nerve regeneration and to suppress aberrant reinnervation and the development of synkinesis. Insights from these studies will shed light on recent progress and new horizons in understanding the biomechanics of peripheral nerve neurobiology, with emphasis on promising strategies for optimizing

关键词： axon degeneration cranial neuropathy facial nerve facial paralysis motoneuron nerve regeneration peripheral nerve recurrent laryngeal nerve synkinesis vocal fold paralysis

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Macular carotenoid supplementation improves disability glare performance and dynamics of photostress recovery

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Eye and Vision 2016年第1期3卷 231-238页

作者： james M.Stringham kevin j.O’Brien Nicole T.Stringham Nutritional Neuroscience Laboratory Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Vision Sciences Laboratory Department of PsychologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program Biomedical Health Sciences InstituteUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA

Background:The so-called macular carotenoids(MC)lutein(L),zeaxanthin(Z),and meso-zeaxanthin(MZ)comprise the diet-derived macular pigment(MP).The purpose of this study was to determine effects of MC supplementation on the optical density of MP(MPOD),repeated-exposure photostress recovery(PSR),and disability glare(DG)***:This was a double-blind,placebo-controlled ***-nine young(mean age=21.7),healthy volunteers participated in this *** supplemented their daily diet with either 10 mg L+2 mg total Z(1 mg Z+1 mg MZ;n=24),20 mg L+4 mg total Z(2 mg Z+2 mg MZ;n=25),or placebo(n=10)for 12 *** primary outcome was a composite measure of visual performance in glare,defined by change in DG and *** outcomes included MPOD and visual *** primary endpoint for outcomes was 12 *** was assessed with customized heterochromatic flicker *** times for an 8 cycle/degree,15%contrast Gabor patch target were determined after each of five successive exposures to intense LED *** threshold was defined as the intensity of a ring of lights through which subjects were able to maintain visibility of the aforementioned *** of all parameters were conducted at baseline,6 months,and 12 ***-measures ANOVA,and Pearson product-moment correlations were used to determine statistically significant correlations,and changes within and between ***:MPOD for subjects in both supplementation groups increased significantly versus placebo at both 6-and 12-month visits(pjects’DG thresholds were significantly related to chang

关键词： Lutein Zeaxanthin Mesozeaxanthin Visual performance Photostress recovery Disability glare Macular pigment Visual cycle

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Characterization of inflammation and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced male C57BL/6j mouse model of obesity

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2019年第4期2卷 252-258页

作者： Dimiter Avtanski Valentin A.Pavlov kevin j.Tracey Leonid Poretsky Lenox Hill Hospital Friedman Diabetes InstituteNorthwell HealthNew YorkNYUSA The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research Northwell HealthManhassetNYUSA Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell HempsteadNYUSA

Background: Animal models of diet-induced obesity(DIO) are commonly used in medical research for mimicking human diseases. There is no universal animal model, and careful evaluation of variety of factors needs to be considered when designing new experiments. Here, we investigated the effect of 9 weeks high-fat diet(HFD) intervention, providing 60% energy from fat, on parameters of inflammation and insulin resistance in male C57 BL/6 j ***: Six weeks old mice were initiated on regular diet(RD) or HFD providing 60 kcal energy from fat for 9 weeks. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured by glucometer, and fasting plasma levels of insulin and proinflammatory cytokines by Luminex assay. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by using QUICKI and HOMA2 ***: HFD mice showed ~ 40% higher body weight and ~ 20% larger abdominal circumference, due to an increase in the white adipose tissue mass. Liver examination revealed increased size and higher hepatic lipid accumulation in livers from HFD mice compared to their RD counterparts. Animals from the HFD group were characterized with significantly higher presence of crown-like structures(CLS) in WAT and higher plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines(TNF-α, IL-6, leptin, MCP-1, PAI-1, and resistin). HFD-fed mice also demonstrated impaired insulin sensitivity(lower QUICKI, higher HOMA-insulin resistance(HOMA-IR), and lower HOMA-percent sensitivity(HOMA-%S)) index ***: Male C57 BL/6 j mice on 9 weeks HFD providing 60 kcal energy from fat display impaired insulin sensitivity and chronic inflammation, thus making this DIO mouse model appropriate for studies of early stages of obesity-related pathology.

关键词： diet high‐fat insulin resistance mouse model

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Chilli anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum species

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journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第10期9卷 764-778页

作者： Po Po THAN Haryudian PRIHASTUTI Sitthisack PHOULIVONG Paul W.j.TAYLOR kevin D.HYDE International Fungal Research and Development Centre the Research Institute of Resources InsectChinese Academy of ForestryKunming 650224ChinaBioMarkaSchool of Agriculture and Food SystemsUniversity of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia Fungal Research Group School of ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityTasudChiang Rai 57100ThailandDepartment of BiotechnologyFaculty of AgricultureBrawijaya UniversityMalang 65145Indonesia Fungal Research Group School of ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityTasudChiang Rai 57100ThailandMushroom Research Centre128 Moo 3 T. Pa PaeA. Mae TaengChiang Mai 50150Thailand6Department of Plant ScienceFaculty of AgricultureNational University of LaosVientianeLao PDR BioMarka School of Agriculture and Food SystemsUniversity of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia International Fungal Research and Development Centre the Research Institute of Resources InsectChinese Academy of ForestryKunming 650224ChinaFungal Research GroupSchool of ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityTasudChiang Rai 57100Thailand

Anthracnose disease is one of the major economic constraints to chilli production worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Accurate taxonomic information is necessary for effective disease control management. In the Colletotrichum patho-system, different Colletotrichum species can be associated with anthracnose of the same host. Little information is known concerning the interactions of the species associated with the chilli anthracnose although several Colletotrichum species have been reported as causal agents of chilli anthracnose disease worldwide. The ambiguous taxonomic status of Colletotrichum species has resulted in inaccurate identification which may cause practical problems in plant breeding and disease management. Although the management and control of anthracnose disease are still being extensively researched, commercial cultivars of Capsicum annuum that are resistant to the pathogens that cause chilli anthracnose have not yet been developed. This paper reviews the causal agents of chilli anthracnose, the disease cycle, conventional methods in identification of the pathogen and molecular approaches that have been used for the identification of Colletotrichum species. Pathogenetic variation and population structure of the causal agents of chilli anthracnose along with the current taxonomic status of Colletotrichum species are discussed. Future developments leading to the disease management strategies are suggested.

关键词：辣椒疾病管理辨别方法致病性

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