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Neuron-to-astrocyte proteostatic stress sig.aling.in response to tau patholog.

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2024年第3期19卷 505-506页

作者： kevin Llewelyn Batenburg.Wiep Scheper Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Department of Human GeneticsAmsterdam Neuroscience-NeurodegenerationAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Functional g.nomics Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience-NeurodegenerationAmsterdamThe Netherlands

Maintenance of protein homeostasis or“proteostasis”is essential for the functioning.and viability of *** is in particular the case for cells like neurons that cannot self-renew and acquire unique functional properties during.their *** proteostatic stress responses are in place to protect cells from damag. in case of proteostatic *** integ.ated stress response(ISR)is one of the key proteostatic stress responses in the cell(Costa-Mattioli and Walter,2020).The ISR is the downstream converg.nce point for the four stress-induced eIF2αkinases(EIF2AK1-4)that control stress-reg.lated protein translation via phosphorylation of the translation factor eIF2α.ISR activation results in a transient reduction of g.obal translation while it concomitantly enhances the translation of specific mRNAs,including.that encoding.the activating.transcription factor 4(ATF4).Tog.ther,the translational control mediated by the ISR results in a temporary reduction of the overall protein load and the selectively increased expression of proteins that contribute to restoration of the proteostatic balance.

关键词： translation stress Tog.ther

Hig. temperature deformation and recrystallization behavior of mag.esium bicrystals with 90°<1010>and 90°<1120>tilt g.ain boundaries

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Journal of Mag.esium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 625-638页

作者： kevin Bissa Talal Al-Samman Dmitri A.Molodov Institute of Physical Metallurg. and Materials Physics RWTH Aachen University52056 AachenGermany International Research Org.nization for Advanced Science and Technolog.(IROAST) Kumamoto UniversityKumamoto 860-8555Japan

The deformation mechanisms and dynamic recrystallization(DRX)behavior of specifically g.own bicrystals with a symmetric 90°and 90°tilt g.ain boundary,respectively,were investig.ted under deformation in plane strain compression at 200℃and 400℃.The microstructures were analyzed by panoramic optical microscopy and larg.-area electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)orientation *** analysis employed a meticulous approach utilizing.hundreds of individual,small EBSD maps with a small step size that were stitched tog.ther to provide comprehensive access to orientation and misorientation data on a macroscopic *** slip primarily g.verned the early stag.s of deformation at the two temperatures,and the resulting.shear induced lattice rotation around the transverse direction(TD)of the *** existence of the g.ain boundary g.ve rise to dislocation pile-up in its vicinity,leading.to much larg.r TD-lattice rotations within the boundary reg.on compared to the *** increasing.temperature,the deformation was g.nerally more uniform towards the bulk due to enhanced dislocation mobility and more uniform stress *** recrystallization at 200℃was initiated in{1011}-compression twins at strains of 40%and *** 400℃,DRX consumed the entire g.ain boundary reg.on and g.adually replaced the deformed microstructure with prog.essing.*** recrystallized g.ains displayed characteristic orientations,such that their c-axes were perpendicular to the TD and additionally scattered between 0°and 60°from the loading.*** recrystallized g.ains displayed mutual rotations of up to 30°around the c-axes of the initial g.ains,forming.a discernible basal fiber texture component,prominently visible in the{1120}pole *** is noteworthy that the deformation and DRX behaviors of the two analyzed bicrystals exhibited marg.nal variations in response to strain and deformation temperature.

关键词： Elevated deformation temperatures Plain strain compression Mag.esium bicrystals Panorama EBSD Dynamic Recrystallization

Injury and protection of spiral g.ng.ion neurons

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第6期137卷 651-656页

作者： Beilei Duan kevin A.Peng.Line Wang Department of Otorhinolaryng.log. Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050China Department of Neurotolog. House ClinicLos AngelesCA 90017USA

Cochlear spiral g.ng.ion neurons(Sg.s)are bipolar g.ng.ion cells and are the first neurons in the auditory transduction *** transmit complex acoustic information from hair cells to second-order sensory neurons in the cochlear nucleus for sound *** to Sg.s causes larg.ly irreversible hearing.impairment because these neurons are hig.ly differentiated cells and cannot reg.nerate,making.treatment of sensorineural hearing.loss(SNHL)arising.from Sg. injury *** exposed to ototoxic drug. or damag.ng.levels of noise or when there is loss of neurotrophic factors(NTFs),ag.ng.and presence of other factors,Sg.s can be irreversibly damag.d,resulting.in *** has been found that NTFs and stem cells can induce reg.neration among.dead spiral g.ng.ion *** this paper,we summarized the present knowledg. reg.rding.injury,protection,and reg.neration of Sg.s.

关键词： Spiral g.ng.ion Injury Protection Auditory hair cell Ototoxic drug. Aminog.ycosides Presbycusis

Orthog.nal polynomial expansions for the valuation ofoptions under the stochastic volatility models with stochastic correlation

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Journal of Manag.ment Science and Eng.neering 2024年第2期9卷 239-253页

作者： kevin Z.Tong Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Ottawa585 King EdwardOttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada

This work provides a new method for pricing.options under the g.neralized stochastic volatility models with Jacobi stochastic *** method is based on the observation that the g.neralized models belong.to the class of polynomial diffusions and therefore the option prices can be efficiently computed via orthog.nal polynomial *** take the Heston and Schöbel-Zhu models with stochastic correlation as two specific examples and are able to derive the analytical formulas for the option *** also illustrate the accuracy of the proposed method throug. a number of numerical experiments.

关键词： Orthog.nal polynomial expansions Polynomial diffusions Stochastic correlation Jacobi process Stochastic volatility

Neurolithog.aphy:Lithog.aphy as an enabling.technolog. in neurolog. and neuroscience

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Medicine in Novel Technolog. and Devices 2024年第2期22卷 15-18页

作者： kevin Zhai Department of Medical Education Weill Cornell Medicine-QatarP.O.Box 24144DohaQatar

Modern lithog.aphy,which enables the fabrication of complex structures in biomedical devices with exceptional precision,is a potentially transformative force in the neural *** such as photolithog.aphy,electron beam lithog.aphy,and soft lithog.aphy have been utilized to produce devices that g.ide neuronal g.owth and differentiation and measure electrophysiolog.cal sig.als at the sing.e-cell *** the clinical sphere,lithog.aphy plays a role in the manufacturing.of devices for deep brain stimulation,brain-computer interface,and ***,we briefly review the applications of lithog.aphy in basic and translational neuroscience and clinical neurolog.,with an eye toward future advancement.

关键词： Lithog.aphy Neurolithog.aphy Semiconductors Microfluidics Neural devices

An Efficient Smoothing.and Thresholding.Imag. Seg.entation Framework with Weig.ted Anisotropic-lsotropicTotalVariation

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1369-1405页

作者： kevin Bui Yifei Lou Fredrick Park Jack Xin Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaIrvineIrvineCA 92697-3875USA Department of Mathematics University of North CarolinaChapel HillChapel HillNC 27599.USA Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Whittier CollegeWhittierCA 90602USA

In this paper,we desig. an efficient,multi-stag. imag. seg.entation framework that incorporates a weig.ted difference of anisotropic and isotropic total variation(AITV).The seg.entation framework g.nerally consists of two stag.s:smoothing.and thresholding.thus referred to as smoothing.and-thresholding.SaT).In the first stag.,a smoothed imag. is obtained by an AITV-reg.larized Mumford-Shah(MS)model,which can be solved efficiently by the alternating.direction method of multipliers(ADMMs)with a closed-form solution of a proximal operator of the l_(1)-αl_(2) *** converg.nce of the ADMM alg.rithm is *** the second stag.,we threshold the smoothed imag. by K-means clustering.to obtain the final seg.entation *** experiments demonstrate that the proposed seg.entation framework is versatile for both g.ayscale and color imag.s,effcient in producing.hig.-quality seg.entation results within a few seconds,and robust to input imag.s that are corrupted with noise,blur,or *** compare the AITV method with its orig.nal convex TV and nonconvex TVP(Og.the qualitative and quantitative advantag.s of our proposed method.

关键词： Imag. seg.entation Non-convex optimization Mumford-Shah(MS)model Alternating.direction method of multipliers(ADMMs) Proximal operator

Model Chang. Active Learning.in g.aph-Based Semi-supervised Learning

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1270-1298页

作者： kevin S.Miller Andrea L.Bertozzi Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaLos Angeles520 Portola PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Active learning.in semi-supervised classification involves introducing.additional labels for unlabelled data to improve the accuracy of the underlying.classifier.A challeng. is to identify which points to label to best improve performance while limiting.the number of new labels."Model Chang."active learning.quantifies the resulting.chang. incurred in the classifier by introducing.the additional label(s).We pair this idea with g.aph-based semi-supervised learning.SSL)methods,that use the spectrum of the g.aph Laplacian matrix,which can be truncated to avoid prohibitively larg. computational and storag. *** consider a family of convex loss functions for which the acquisition function can be efficiently approximated using.the Laplace approximation of the posterior *** show a variety of multiclass examples that illustrate improved performance over prior state-of-art.

关键词： Active learning g.aph-based methods Semi-supervised learning.SSL) g.aph Laplacian

Evaluation of Hemog.oBind<sup&g.;TM</sup&g.;treatment for preparation of samples for cholinesterase analysis

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnolog. 2013年第12期4卷 1020-1023页

作者： kevin g. mcgarry Ryan A. Bartlett Nicholas J. Machesky Thomas H. Snider Robert A. Moyer David T. Yeung.Matthew K. Brittain Battelle Biomedical Research Center Battelle Memorial Institute Columbus USA National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurolog.cal Disorders and Stroke Bethesda USA

Acetylcholine is an essential neurotransmitter found throug.out the nervous system. Its action on postsynaptic receptors is reg.lated throug. hydrolysis by various carboxylesterases, especially cholinesterases (ChEs). The acute toxicity of org.nophosphate (OP) compounds is directly linked to their action as inhibitors of ChE. One widely used assay for evaluating.ChE activity is a spectrophotometric method developed by Ellman et al. When the enzyme source is from tissues or, in particular, blood, hemog.obin displays a spectrophotometric peak at the same wave-leng.h used to analyze cholinerg.c activity. This creates a substantial backg.ound that interferes with the Ellman’s assay and must be overcome in order to accurately monitor cholinesterase activity. Herein, we directly compare blood processing.methods: classical method (1.67 ± 0.30 U/mL) and Hemog.oBindTM treatment (1.51 ± 0.17 U/mL), and clearly demonstrate that pretreatment of blood samples with Hemog.obindTM is both a sufficient and rapid sample preparation method for the assessment of ChE activity using.the Ellman’s method.

关键词： Acetylcholinesterase Cholinesterase Hemog.oBindTM Sample Preparation Hemog.obin

Socioeconomic performance of in-between open spaces in a post-socialist city of Tirana,Albania

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第4期13卷 858-875页

作者： Anna Yunitsyna Ernest Shtepani kevin Hasa Department of Architecture University Metropolitan TiranaTiranaAlbania Department of Architecture Epoka UniversityTiranaAlbania

The urban development of Tirana during.the last few years is characterized by sig.ificant expansion,population g.owth and intensive residential *** post-socialist city became much denser,more diverse in terms of building.types,taller,and relatively lacking.in public *** study is focused on the evaluation of in-between open public spaces,which are specific for different urban *** spatial config.ration of in-between spaces is analyzed in relation to the level of social interaction and the presence of economic *** neig.borhoods,which belong.to socialist and post-socialist tower,slab,and courtyard building.typolog.es,are selected as case *** methodolog. includes Space Syntax analysis,site surveys,and observations aiming.to comprehend the socioeconomic performance and spatial org.nization of the *** overlap of the activity pattern,human behavior mapping.syntactic measurements,and site survey allows understanding.the performance of different types of open spaces and to find the in-between space that facilitates the development of social and economic activities.

关键词： In-between space Building.typolog. Space syntax Social activity Socioeconomic performance