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好心眼儿巨人

英语画刊(高中版) 2024年第13期 14-17页

作者： Roald dahl

《好心眼儿巨人》是英国儿童文学作家罗尔德·达尔创作的中篇童话，于1982年首次出版。这本著作讲述了一个叫索菲的小女孩被好心眼儿巨人带到巨人国后，发生的奇特故事。该书曾获英国儿童图书奖、德国青少年文学奖等，导演史蒂文·斯皮...

《好心眼儿巨人》是英国儿童文学作家罗尔德·达尔创作的中篇童话，于1982年首次出版。这本著作讲述了一个叫索菲的小女孩被好心眼儿巨人带到巨人国后，发生的奇特故事。该书曾获英国儿童图书奖、德国青少年文学奖等，导演史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格在2016年将其翻拍成了电影。本文选摘了全书的前三章。

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《詹姆斯与大仙桃》(节选)

疯狂英语（新读写） 2024年第6期 52-53,77,78页

作者：罗尔德·达尔不详

Until he was four years old,James Henry Trotter had a happy life.He lived peacefully with his mother and father in a beautiful house beside the sea.There were always plenty of other children for him to play with,and there was the sandy beach for him to run about on,and the ocean to paddle in.It was the perfect life for a small boy.

关键词： plenty mother beautiful

Assessing Thai Hospitals’Evacuation Preparedness Using the Flexible Surge Capacity Concept and Its Collaborative Tool

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第1期14卷 52-63页

作者： Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen Eric Carlström Lina dahlén Holmqvist Yuwares Sittichanbuncha Amir Khorram-Manesh Institute of Clinical Sciences Department of SurgerySahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg40530GothenburgSweden Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkok10400Thailand Institute of Health and Care Sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg40100GothenburgSweden Gothenburg Emergency Medicine Research Group Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg40530GothenburgSweden USN School of Business University of South-Eastern Norway3603KongsbergNorway Institute of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionSahlgrenska University Hospital40530GothenburgSweden

According to the concept of“flexible surge capacity,”hospitals may need to be evacuated on two occasions:(1)when they are exposed to danger,such as in war;and(2)when they are contaminated,such as during the Covid-19 pandemic.In the former,the entire hospital must be evacuated,while in the latter,the hospital becomes a pandemic center necessitating the transfer of its non-contaminated staff,patients,and routine activities to other facilities.Such occasions involve several degrees of evacuation—partial or total—yet all require deliberate surge planning and collaboration with diverse authorities.This study aimed to investigate the extent of hospital evacuation preparedness in Thailand,using the main elements of the flexible surge capacity concept.A mixed method cross-sectional study was conducted using a hospital evacuation questionnaire from a previously published multinational hospital evacuation study.The tool contained questions regarding evacuation preparedness encompassing surge capacity and collaborative elements and an open-ended inquiry to grasp potential perspectives.All 143 secondary care,tertiary care,and university hospitals received the questionnaire;43 hospitals provided responses.The findings indicate glitches in evacuation protocols,particularly triage systems,the inadequacies of surge planning and multiagency collaboration,and knowledge limitations in community capabilities.In conclusion,the applications of the essential components of flexible surge capacity allow the assessment of hospital preparedness and facilitate the evaluation of guidelines and instructions through scenario-based training exercises.

关键词： Collaborative tool Disaster preparedness Flexible surge capacity Hospital evacuation Multiagency collaboration Thailand

On the problem of the dynamical reactions of a rolling wheelset to real track irregularities

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Railway Engineering Science 2023年第1期31卷 1-19页

作者： Hans True Lasse Engbo Christiansen Andreas Lindhardt Plesner Andreas Lønstrup Ammitzbøll Bjørn Jerram dahl DTU Compute Technical University of DenmarkRichard Petersens Plads Building 3242800Kgs.LyngbyDenmark

We investigate numerically the dynamical reactions of a moving wheelset model to real measured track irregularities.The background is to examine whether the dynamics are suitable as the input to the inverse problem:determine the true track geometry from measured wheelset dynamical reactions.It is known that the method works well for the vertical position of the rails but the computed lateral position is often flawed.We find that the lateral motion of the wheelset often may differ from the track geometry.The cases are investigated closely but the reasons remain unknown.While the wheelset dynamics reflect the larger(>4-6 mm)aperiodic track disturbances and single large disturbances quite well,this does not seem to be the case for general smaller or periodic track irregularities or sections behind single large disturbances.The resulting dynamics of a wheelset to lateral track irregularities are in general not sufficiently accurate to be used as the basis for a description of the track irregularities.

关键词： Track monitoring Vehicle dynamical response Inverse problem Numerical analysis Estimate of errors Track irregularity

Serum estradiol levels decrease after oophorectomy in transmasculine individuals on testosterone therapy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2023年第3期25卷 309-313页

作者： Sahil Kumar Elise Bertin Cormac O' Dwyer Amir Khorrami Richard Wassersug Smita Mukherjee Neeraj Mehra Marshall dahl Krista Genoway Alexander G Kavanagh Faculty of Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z4British ColumbiaCanada Gender Surgery Program Vancouver Coastal HealthVancouver V5Z 1M9British ColumbiaCanada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z4British ColumbiaCanada Division of Endocrinology Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z2British ColumbiaCanada Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of British ColumbiaVancouver V5Z 1M9British ColumbiaCanada Department of Urologic Sciences University of British ColumbiaVancouver V5Z 1M9British ColumbiaCanada

Transmasculine individuals,considering whether to undergo total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy,have the option to have a concomitant oophorectomy.While studies have evaluated hormone changes following testosterone therapy initiation,most of those patients have not undergone oophorectomy.Data are currently limited to support health outcomes regarding the decision to retain or remove the ovaries.We performed a retrospective chart review of transmasculine patients maintained on high-dose testosterone therapy at a single endocrine clinic in Vancouver,British Columbia,Canada.Twelve transmasculine individuals who underwent bilateral oophorectomy and had presurgical and postsurgical serum data were included.We identified 12 transmasculine subjects as controls,who were on testosterone therapy and did not undergo oophorectomy,but additionally matched to the first group by age,testosterone dosing regimen,and body mass index.There was a statistically significant decrease in the estradiol levels of case subjects postoophorectomy,when compared to presurgical estradiol levels(P=0.02).There was no significant difference between baseline estradiol levels between control and case subjects;however,the difference in estradiol levels at follow-up measurements was significant(P=0.03).Total testosterone levels did not differ between control and case subjects at baseline and follow-up(both P>0.05).Our results demonstrate that oophorectomy further attenuates estradiol levels below what is achieved by high-dose exogenous testosterone alone.Correlated clinical outcomes,such as impacts on bone health,were not available.The clinical implications of oophorectomy versus ovarian retention on endocrinological and overall health outcomes are currently limited.

关键词： estradiol gender-affirming surgery hysterectomy oophorectomy testosterone therapy transmasculine

A FACTOR(S) PRODUCED BY SERTOLI CELLS STIMULATES ANDROGEN BIOSYNTHESIS BY LEYDIG CELLS IN NEONATAL RATS

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Science China Chemistry 1988年第7期31卷 818-827页

作者：刘以训,KRISTINE D. dahl Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Academia Sinica Beijing Department of Reproductive Medicine M-025 University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA

Using a coculture system, we have studied the local action of Sertoli cells on Leydig cell function. The results show that （ⅰ） both LH and FSH have equal potency to stimulate testosterone biosynthesis by fetal and neonatal testicular cells in an age-dependent manner, the maximum stimulation is observed between D3and D5. （ⅱ） An FSH-dependent factor（s） secreted by Sertoli cells increases the basal and/or LH-stimulated Leydig cell androgen production. （ⅲ） The Sertoli cell-stimulating factor（s） is not a steroid or other small molecule, but a heat-labile peptide.

关键词： Leydig cells Sertofi cells coculture factor testosterone production.

Clinicopathological and oncological significance of persistent prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Asian Journal of Urology 2023年第3期10卷 317-328页

作者： Shulin Wu Sharron X.Lin Kristine M.Cornejo Rory K.Crotty Michael L.Blute Douglas M.dahl Chin-Lee Wu Department of Urology Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Pathology Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Objective:To investigate the association of persistently elevated prostate-specific antigen(PSA)after radical prostatectomy(RP)with clinicopathological features and long-term oncological prognosis for the development of a potential management strategy.Methods:A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Web of Science up to June 2021 to identify the eligible studies focusing on understanding the impact of persistent PSA in patients who underwent RP for localized prostate cancer.Meta-analyses were performed on parameters with available information.Results:A total of 32 RP studies were identified,of which 11 included 26719 patients with consecutive cohorts and the remaining 21 comprised 24177 patients with cohorts carrying specific restrictions.Of the 11 studies with consecutive cohorts,the incidence of persistent PSA varied between 3.1%and 34.6%with a median of 11.0%.Meta-analyses revealed patients with persistent PSA consistently showed unfavorable clinicopathological features and a more than 3.5-fold risk of poorer biochemical recurrence,metastasis,and prostate cancer-specific mortality prognosis independently,when compared to patients with undetectable PSA.Similarly,cases with persistent PSA in different specific patient cohorts with a higher risk of prostate cancer also showed a trend of worse outcomes.Conclusion:We found that the frequency of persistent PSA was about 11.0%in consecutive RP cohorts.Persistent PSA was significantly associated with unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics and worse oncological outcomes.Patients with persistent PSA after RP may benefit from early salvage treatment to delay or prevent biochemical recurrence,improving oncological outcomes for these patients.Further prospective randomized controlled trials are warranted to understand optimal systemic therapy in these patients.

关键词： Prostate cancer Radical prostatectomy Persistent prostatespecific antigen Prognosis Salvage Systematic review Meta-analysis

Deep hyperammonemic hepatic encephalopathy precipitated by fecal microbiota transplantation for fulminant Clostridioides difficile infection

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 612-614页

作者： Lotte Lindgreen Eriksen Simon Mark dahl Baunwall Peter Lykke Eriksen Kirstine Petrea Bak-Fredslund Jens Erik Nielsen Jens Frederik dahlerup Karen Louise Thomsen Hendrik Vilstrup Christian Lodberg Hvas Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Aarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Randers Regional HospitalRandersDenmark Department of Radiology Aarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark

Introduction Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)is highly effective and potentially life-saving for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection(CDI)[1].Recent pilot trials also reported the use of FMT to revert hepatic encephalopathy(HE)in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis without infectious colitis[2,3].Intestinal microbiota-driven hyperammonemia is central to HE development and most treatments aim to reduce ammonia levels by modulating the intestinal microbiota.However,FMT might lead to increased intestinal ammonia production,as we describe here.

关键词： hepatic infection encephalopathy

Do birds in flight respond to(ultra)violet lighting?

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Avian Research 2017年第4期8卷 192-201页

作者： Roel May Jens Astrom Oyvind Hamre Espen Lie dahl Terrestrial Ecology Department Norwegian Institute for Nature Research(NINA)TrondheimNorway Steinoysund SmolaNorway.

Background: Concerns for bird collisions with wind turbines affect the deployment of onshore and offshore windpower plants.To avoid delays in consenting processes and to streamline the construction and operation phase,functional mitigation measures are required which efficiently reduces bird mortality.Vision is the primary sensory system in birds,which for a number of species also includes the ultraviolet spectrum.Many bird species that are known to collide with offshore wind turbines are sensitive in the violet or ultraviolet spectrum.For species that are mainly active at lower ambient light levels,lighting may deter birds from the lit area.Utilizing(ultra)violet lights may in addition not disturb humans.However,we do not know whether UV-sensitive birds in flight actually respond behaviourally to UV lights.Methods: We therefore tested the efficacy of two types of lights within the violet(400 nm) and ultraviolet(365 nm) spectrum to deter birds from the lit area.These lights were placed vertically and monitored continuously between dusk and dawn using an avian radar system.Results: Relative to control nights,bird flight activity(abundance) was 27% lower when the ultraviolet light was on.Violet light resulted in a 12% decrease in overall abundance,and in addition,a vertical displacement was seen,increasing the average flight altitude by 7 m.Although temporal changes occurred,this effect persisted over the season below 40 m above sea level.Conclusions: Although the results from this pilot study are promising,we argue there still is a long way to go before a potentially functional design to mitigate collisions that has proven to be effective in situ may be in place.

关键词： Avian radar Displacement Habituation Mitigation Seabirds Ultraviolet Wind turbine