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Urbanization does not increase“object curiosity”in vervet monkeys,but semi-urban individuals selectively explore food-related anthropogenic items

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 383-393页

作者： Lindsey Ellington Stephanie mercier Alba Motes-Rodrigo Erica van de Waal Sofa Forss Behavioural&Physiological Ecology University of GroningenP.O.Box 111039700 CCGroningenThe Netherlands Department of Ecology and Evolution University of LausanneBiophore-CH-1015LausanneSwitzerland Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057ZurichSwitzerland School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville3209South Africa

Urban environments expose animals to abundant anthropogenic materials and foods that facilitate foraging innovations in species with oppor-tunistic diets and high behavioral *** and exploration tendency are believed to be important behavioral traits for animals thriving in urban *** monkeys(Chlorocebus pygerythrus)are one of few primate species that have successfully adapted to urban environments,thus making them an ideal species to study these *** a within-species cross-habitat approach,we compared neophilia and exploration of novel objects(jointly referred to as"object curiosity")between semi-urban,wild,and captive monkeys to shed light on the cognitive traits facilitating urban *** measure"object curiosity:"we exposed monkeys to various types of novel stimuli and compared their approaches and explorative *** results revealed differences in the number of approaches and explorative behavior toward novel stimuli between the habitat types *** vervet monkeys were significantly more explorative than both semi-urban and wild troops,sug-gesting that positive experiences with humans and lack of predation,rather than exposure to human materials per se,influence object *** habitats,juvenile males were the most explorative age-sex *** is likely due to males being the dispersing sex and juveniles being more motivated to learn about their ***,we found that items potentially associated with human food,elicited stronger explorative responses in semi-urban monkeys than non-food related objects,suggesting that their motivation to explore might be driven by"anthrophilia'that is,their experience of rewarding foraging on similar anthropogenic food *** conclude that varying levels of exposure to humans,predation and pre-exposure to human food packaging explain variation in"object curiosity"in our sample of vervet monkeys.

关键词： animal urbanization neophilia novelty response object curiosity vervet monkeys

A study on wildfire impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and regional air quality in South of Orléans,France

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 521-533页

作者： Chaoyang Xue Gisèle Krysztofiak Yangang Ren Min Cai Patrick mercier Frédéric Le Fur Corinne Robin Benoit Grosselin Véronique Daele Max RMcGillen Yujing Mu Valéry Catoire Abdelwahid Mellouki Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace(LPC2E) CNRS–UniversitéOrléans–CNES(UMR 7328)Orléans Cedex 245071France Institut de Combustion AérothermiqueRéactivitéEnvironnement(ICARE)CNRSOrléans Cedex 245071France Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Lig’Air-Association de surveillance de la qualitéde l’air en région Centre-Val de Loire Saint-Cyr-en-Val 45590France Mohammed V University RabatMorocco

Wildfire events are increasing globally which may be partly associated with climate change,resulting in significant adverse impacts on local,regional air quality and global *** September 2020,a small wildfire(burned area:36.3 ha)event occurred in Souesmes(Loiret-Cher,Sologne,France),and its plume spread out over 200 km on the following day as observed by the MODIS *** on measurements at a suburban site(~50 km northwest of the fire location)in Orléans and backward trajectory analysis,young wildfire plumes were *** increases in gaseous pollutants(CO,CH_(4),N_(2)O,VOCs,etc.)and particles(including black carbon)were found within the wildfire plumes,leading to a reduced air *** factors,defined as EF(X)=ΔX/ΔCO(where,X represents the target species),of various trace gases and black carbon within the young wildfire plumes were determined accordingly and compared with previous *** in the ambient ions(such as ammonium,sulfate,nitrate,chloride,and nitrite in the particle-and gasphase)and aerosol properties(e.g.,aerosol water content,aerosol p H)were also quantified and ***,we estimated the total carbon and climate-related species(e.g.,CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,and BC)emissions and compared them with fire emission *** biomass burning emission inventories have uncertainties in estimating small fire burned areas and *** instance,we found that the Global Fire Assimilation System(GFAS)may underestimate emissions(e.g.,CO)of this small wildfire while other inventories(GFED and FINN)showed significant *** that it is the first time to record wildfire plumes in this region,related atmospheric implications are presented and discussed.

关键词： Wildfire Air quality Emission factor Emission inventory VOLTAIRE supersite

Chemical Safety as a Major Challenge for Developing Countries: Role of the International Program on Chemical Safety^1

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1990年第2期3卷 211-216页

作者： M.mercier International Program on Chemical Safety Division of Environmental HealthWorld Health Organization. Geneva. Switzerland

Developing countries face a number of unique problems related to the hazards of chemicals. The WHO International Program on Chemical Safety may play a useful role by working jointly with Member Nations and such intern... 详细信息

关键词： Pro Chemical Safety as a Major Challenge for Developing Countries Role of the International Program on Chemical Safety~1

NONLOCAL CROWD DYNAMICS MODELS FOR SEVERAL POPULATIONS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2012年第1期32卷 177-196页

作者： Rinaldo M.Colombo Magali Lcureux-mercier Department of Mathematics Brescia University Department of Mathematics TechnionIsrael Institute of Technology

This paper develops the basic analytical theory related to some recently intro- duced crowd dynamics models. Where well posedness was known only locally in time, it is here extended to all of R＋. The results on the stability with respect to the equations are improved. Moreover, here the case of several populations is considered, obtaining the well posedness of systems of multi-D non-local conservation laws. The basic analytical tools are provided by the classical Kruzkov theory of scalar conservation laws in several space dimensions.

关键词： hyperbolic conservation laws nonlocal flow pedestrian traffic

Rockburst in underground excavations:A review of mechanism,classification,and prediction methods

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Underground Space 2022年第4期7卷 577-607页

作者： Mahdi Askaripour Ali Saeidi Alain Rouleau Patrick mercier-Langevin Department of Applied Sciences University of Quebec at ChicoutimiChicoutimi G7H 2B1Canada Geological Survey of Canada Quebec CityQC G1K 9A9Canada

Technical challenges have always been part of underground mining activities,however,some of these challenges grow in complexity as mining occurs in deeper and deeper *** such challenge is rock mass stability and the risk of rockburst *** overcome these challenges,and to limit the risks and impacts of events such as rockbursts,advanced solutions must be developed and best practices *** are common in underground mines and substantially threaten the safety of personnel and equipment,and can cause major disruptions in mine development and *** consist of violent wall rock failures associated with high energy rock projections in response to the instantaneous stress release in rock mass under high strain ***,it is necessary to develop a good understanding of the conditions and mechanisms leading to a rockburst,and to improve risk assessment *** capacity to properly estimate the risks of rockburst occurrence is essential in underground ***,a limited number of studies have examined and compared yet different empirical methods of *** current understanding of this important hazard in the mining industry is summarized in this paper to provide the necessary perspective or tools to best assess the risks of rockburst occurrence in deep *** various classifications of rockbursts and their mechanisms are *** paper also reviews the current empirical methods of rockburst prediction,which are mostly dependent on geomechanical parameters of the rock such as uniaxial compressive strength of the rock,as well as its tensile strength and elasticity *** the end of this paper,some current achievements and limitations of empirical methods are discussed.

关键词： Rockburst Empirical methods Underground instability Rockburst prediction methods

High-magnification observation of seminiferous tubules through the tunica albuginea by two-photon laser scanning microscopy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第5期13卷 774-776页

作者： Vincent Achard Pascal Weber Georges mercier Marie-Pierre Blanchard Laboratoire d＇Histologie-Cytologie Faculte de Medecine secteur Timone Universite de la Mediterranee Marseille 13385 France Centre d＇Assistance Medicale a la Procreation AP-HM Conception Marseille 13385 France CNRS - IBDML - UMR6216 Service Imagerie - Case 907 Faculte des Sciences de Luminy Marseille 13288 France and Centre de Microscopie et Imagerie IFR Jean Roche Universite de la Mediterranee Marseille 13916 France

Testicular sperm extraction is widely used in the treatment of male infertility in cases of non-obstructive azoospermia. Identifying spermatogenetic foci within the testes is critical for testicular sperm extraction. Two-photon laser scanning microscopy （TPLSM） is an autofluorescence-based microscopy technique that allows observation at a cellular level in the depth of fresh living tissues and does not require any histological processing （fixation or staining）. The wavelengths previously used have shown no phototoxicity on sperm. We used TPLSM to detect spermatogenetic foci in fresh mouse testicular parenchyma without disrupting the tunica albuginea. Fresh surgically retrieved testes were observed using TPLSM within 1 h after extraction. Contralateral testes for each animal were observed using standard histology. Using TPLSM we were able to observe and measure the diameter of seminiferous tubules through the tunica albuginea, similar to the histological control. Structures within epithelial tubules were also observed, although their nature has yet to be identified. TPLSM is a real-time microscopy technique that could detect spermatogenetic foci.

关键词： seminiferous epithelium spermatogenesis

Investigations on the Interactions between Li-TFSI and Glass Fibers in the Ternary PP/GF/Li-TFSI Composites

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2018年第1期36卷 113-118页

作者： Sen-Lin Gu Huan-Huan Liu Huan Cao Claude mercier Yong-Jin Li College of Material Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 310036China Solvay Co.Ltd shanghai 201100China

The polypropylene/glass fiber（PP/GF） composites with excellent antistatic performance and improved mechanical properties have been reported by incorporation of a very small amount of the organic salt, lithium bis（trifluoromethanesulfonyl）imide（Li-TFSI）, into the PP/GF composites. It was considered that GF could play the role as the pathways for the movements of ions in the ternary composites. In this work, the interactions between Li-TFSI and glass fiber and the effects of such interactions on the physical properties of the composites have been systematically investigated. Three types of glass fibers with different ―OH group concentrations have been prepared in order to compare the interactions between GF and Li-TFSI. It was found that the ―OH group concentrations on the surface of glass fiber have significant effects on interactions between glass fibers and Li-TFSI. Such interactions are crucial for both the antistatic and mechanical performances of the final PP/GF/Li-TFSI composites. The investigation indicated that the GF with high ―OH group concentrations confined the movement of TFSI-, which decreased the antistatic properties of PP/GF/Li-TFSI composites. On the other hand, the GF with low ―OH group concentrations inhibited the absorption of Li-TFSI onto the GF, which also hindered the formation of Li-TFSI conductive pathway. The best antistatic performance of the ternary composites can be achieved at the intermediate ―OH concentrations on the GF.

关键词： Polypropylene Glass fiber Li-TFSI Antistatic performance

Protective behaviors regarding coastal flooding risk in a context of climate change

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第4期11卷 310-316页

作者： Colin LEMEE Oscar NAVARRO Diego RESTREPO-OCHOA Denis mercier Ghozlane FLEURY-BAHI University of Brest Brest29200France Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de La Loire University of NantesNantes44312France CES University Medellin050022Colombia Laboratoire de Geographie Physique(UMR 8591-CNRS) Sorbonne UniversiteParis75000France

The physical vulnerability of coastal areas due to rising sea level and the flooding risk consequent,does not guarantee the implementation of protective behaviors by these risk zones’*** study aims to establish the link between the willingness to carry out protective behaviors and physical and perceived indicators of vulnerability.A typology of coastal flooding vulnerability,uses various physical indicators and their perceived counterparts which have been collected from 490 inhabitants of Cartagena(Colombia,declared world heritage of humanity by UNESCO in 1984),resident in areas of coastal flooding *** item-response theory(IRT)approach has been *** results reveal that the implementation of protective behaviors is more related to perceived indicators,such as distance to the sea,than to actual physical *** observe that physical vulnerability is linked to the intention to carry out protective *** presence of a defensive structure against coastal flooding could be considered as a visual cue and be a good predictor of the willingness to carry out protective *** the contrary,people in the most vulnerable situation(single-storey house)do not demonstrate a higher level of willingness to carry out protective behavior,as well of participants who lived in residential buildings which have demonstrated lower level of willingness to carry out such ***,vulnerability of the house is not seen as a criterion that encourages participants to better protect themselves.

关键词： Coastal flooding risk Protective behaviors Climate change Vulnerability Item response theory

A New Physics Would Explain What Looks Like an Irreconcilable Tension between the Values of Hubble Constants and Allows <i>H<sub>0</sub></i>to Be Calculated Theoretically Several Ways

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Journal of Modern Physics 2021年第12期12卷 1656-1707页

作者： Claude mercier Independent Researcher Baie-Comeau Canada

Observing galaxies receding from each other, Hubble found the universe’s expansion in 1929. His law that gives the receding speed as a function of distance implies a factor called Hubble constant H0. We want to validate our theoretical value of H0 ≈ 72.09548580(32) km⋅s-1⋅MParsec-1 with a new cosmological model found in 2019. This model predicts what may look like two possible values of H0. According to this model, the correct equation of the apparent age of the universe gives ~ 14.14 billion years. In approximation, we get the well-known equation 1/H0 ≈ 13.56 billion years. When we force these ages to fit the 1/H0 formula, it gives two different Hubble constant values of ~69.2 and 72.1 km

关键词： Hubble Constant H0 Hubble Tension Age of the Universe