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Partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in keloid scars: regulation of keloid keratinocyte gene expression by transforming growth factor-β1

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Burns & Trauma 2016年第3期4卷 199-215页

作者： Jennifer M.Hahn kevin l.mcfarland Kelly A.Combs Dorothy M.Supp Research Department Shriners Hospitals for Children-CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Research Department Shriners Hospitals for Children-CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Department of Surgery University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA

Background:Keloids are an extreme form of abnormal scarring that result from a pathological fibroproliferative wound healing *** molecular mechanisms driving keloid pathology remain incompletely understood,hindering development of targeted,effective *** studies in our laboratory demonstrated that keloid keratinocytes exhibit adhesion abnormalities and display a transcriptional signature reminiscent of cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),suggesting a role for EMT in keloid *** the current study,we further define the EMT-like phenotype of keloid scars and investigate regulation of EMT-related genes in ***:Primary keratinocytes from keloid scar and normal skin were cultured in the presence or absence of transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1)+/-inhibitors of TGF-β1 and downstream signaling *** expression was measured using quantitative polymerase chain *** was analyzed using an in vitro wound healing *** in keloid scar and normal skin sections were localized by *** analyses utilized SigmaPlot(SyStat Software,San Jose,CA)or SAS?(SAS Institute,Cary,NC).Results:In keloid and normal keratinocytes,TGF-β1 regulated expression of EMT-related genes,including hyaluronan synthase 2,vimentin,cadherin-11,wingless-type MMTV integration site family,member 5A,frizzled 7,ADAM metallopeptidase domain 19,and *** of canonical TGF-β1 signaling in keloid keratinocytes significantly inhibited expression of these genes,and TGF-β1 stimulation of normal keratinocytes increased their *** inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2)signaling pathway or the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway attenuated TGF-β1-induced expression of subsets of these *** of keloid keratinocytes,previously shown to be increased compared with normal keratinocytes,was significantly reduced by inhibition of TGF-β1 or E

关键词： Keloid Keratinocyte Epithelial-mesenchymal transition Wound healing Scar Fibrosis

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Dynamic Damage Recovery for Web Databases

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2010年第3期25卷 548-561页

作者：朱虹付戈冯玉才 kevin lü School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Brunel University

In the web context, there is an urgent need for a self-healing database system which has the ability to automatically locate and undo a set of transactions that are corrupted by malicious attacks. The metrics of survivability and availability require a database to provide continuous services during the period of recovery, which is referred to as dynamic recovery. In this paper, we present that an extended read operation from a corrupted data would cause damage spreading. We build a fine grained transaction log to record the extended read and write operations while user transactions are processing. Based on that, we propose a dynamic recovery system to implement the damage repair. The system captures damage spreading caused by extended read-write dependency between transactions. It also retains the execution results for blind write transactions and gives a solution to the issues of recovery conflicts caused by forward recovery. Moreover, a confinement activity is imposed on the in-repairing data to prevent a further damage propagation while the data recovery is processing. The performance evaluation in our experiments shows that the system is reliable and highly efficient.

关键词： dynamic recovery survivability availability

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Computer-animated stimuli to measure motionsensitivity： constraints on signal design in theJacky dragon

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 75-84页

作者： kevin l. Woo Guillaume RIEUCAU Darren BURKE SUNY Empire State College Metropolitan Center 325 Hudson Street New York NY 10013-1005 USA Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University 3000 Northeast 151 St North Miami FL 33181 USA School of Psychology University of Newcastle 10 Chittaway Road Ourimbah New South Wales 2258Australia

Identifying perceptual thresholds is critical for understanding the mechanisms that underlie signalevolution. Using computer-animated stimuli, we examined visual speed sensitivity in the Jackydragon Amphibolurus muricatus, a species that makes extensive use of rapid motor patterns in so-cial communication. First, focal lizards were tested in discrimination trials using random-dot kine-matograms displaying combinations of speed, coherence, and direction. Second, we measuredsubject lizards＇ ability to predict the appearance of a secondary reinforcer （1 of 3 differentcomputer-generated animations of invertebrates： cricket, spider, and mite） based on the directionof movement of a field of drifting dots by following a set of behavioural responses （e.g., orientingresponse, latency to respond） to our virtual stimuli. We found an effect of both speed and coher-ence, as well as an interaction between these 2 factors on the perception of moving ***, our results showed that Jacky dragons have acute sensitivity to high speeds. We then em-ployed an optic flow analysis to match the performance to ecologically relevant motion. Our resultssuggest that the Jacky dragon visual system may have been shaped to detect fast motion. Thispre-existing sensitivity may have constrained the evolution of conspecific displays. In contrast,Jacky dragons may have difficulty in detecting the movement of ambush predators, such as snakesand of some invertebrate prey. Our study also demonstrates the potential of the computer-animated stimuli technique for conducting nonintrusive tests to explore motion range and sensitiv-ity in a visually mediated species.

关键词： Amphibolurus muricatus, Jacky dragon, motion sensitivity, random-dot kinematograms, signal evolution, virtualstimuli.

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Model Change Active learning in Graph-Based Semi-supervised learning

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1270-1298页

作者： kevin S.Miller Andrea l.Bertozzi Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaLos Angeles520 Portola PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Active learning in semi-supervised classification involves introducing additional labels for unlabelled data to improve the accuracy of the underlying classifier.A challenge is to identify which points to label to best improve performance while limiting the number of new labels."Model Change"active learning quantifies the resulting change incurred in the classifier by introducing the additional label(s).We pair this idea with graph-based semi-supervised learning(SSl)methods,that use the spectrum of the graph laplacian matrix,which can be truncated to avoid prohibitively large computational and storage *** consider a family of convex loss functions for which the acquisition function can be efficiently approximated using the laplace approximation of the posterior *** show a variety of multiclass examples that illustrate improved performance over prior state-of-art.

关键词： Active learning Graph-based methods Semi-supervised learning(SSl) Graph laplacian

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ASSESSMENT OF OPTICAl ClEARING AGENTS USING REFlECTANCE-MODE CONFOCAl SCANNING lASER MICROSCOPY

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2010年第3期3卷 183-188页

作者： RAVIKANT SAMATHAM kevin G.PHIllIPS STEVEN l.JACQUES Departments of Dermatology and Biomedical Engineering Oregon Health and Science University 3303 SW Bond Avenue PortlandOR 97239USA

The mechanism of action of clearing agents to improve optical imaging of mouse skin during reflectance-mode confocal microscopy was *** dermal side of excised dorsal mouse skin was exposed for one hour to saline,glycerin,or 80% DMSO,then the clearing agent was removed and the dermis placed against a glass cover slip through which a confocal microscope measured reflectance at 488 nm *** untreated control was also *** axial attenuation of reflectance signal,R(z_(f))versus increasing depth of focus zf behaved as R=ρexp(−μz_(f) 2G),where ρ is tissue reflectivity and μ is attenuation[cm^(−1)].The factor 2G accounts for the in/out path of photons,and the numerical aperture of the *** ρ,μ data were mapped to values of scattering coefficient(μ_(s)[cm^(−1)])and anisotropy of scattering(g).Images showed that glycerin significantly increased the g of dermis from about 0.7 to about 0.99,with little change in the μ_(s) of dermis at about 300cm^(−1).DMSO and saline had only slight and inconsistent effects on g and μ_(s).

关键词： Optical properties skin anisotropy

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Stem cell treatments for oropharyngeal dysphagia:Rationale,benefits,and challenges

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2020年第9期12卷 1001-1012页

作者： Eric K Tran kevin O Juarez Jennifer l long David Geffen School of Medicine University of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Department of Otolaryngology Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06511United States Department of Head and Neck Surgery David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Greater los Angeles VA Healthcare System Los AngelesCA 90073United States

Dysphagia,defined as difficulty swallowing,is a common symptom negatively impacting millions of adults *** prevalence ranges from 14 to 33 percent in those over age 65 to over 70 percent in a nursing home *** elderly,those with neurodegenerative diseases,head and neck cancer patients,and those with autoimmune conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome are disproportionately *** dysphagia refers specifically to difficulty in initiating a swallow due to dysfunction at or above the upper esophageal sphincter,and represents a large proportion of dysphagia *** treatments are limited and are often *** cell therapy is a new and novel advancement that may fill a much-needed role in our treatment ***,we review the current literature regarding stem cell treatments for oropharyngeal *** discussed include tissue regeneration advancements as a whole and translation of these principles into research surrounding tongue dysfunction,xerostomia,cricopharyngeal dysfunction,and finally an overview of the challenges and future directions for *** this field of study remains in its early stages,initial promising results show potential for the use of stem cell-based therapies to treat oropharyngeal dysphagia and warrant further research.

关键词： Dysphagia Xerostomia Hemiglossectomy Stem cells Myoblasts Mesenchymal stem cells

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Batch Active learning for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Image Segmentation Using Similarity Graphs

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1013-1033页

作者： Bohan Chen kevin Miller Andrea l.Bertozzi Jon Schwenk Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaLos Angeles520 Portola PlazaLosAngeles90095CAUSA Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences University of Texas at Austin201 E 24th StAustin 78712TXUSA los Alamos National laboratory Los AlamosNM 87545USA

Graph learning,when used as a semi-supervised learning(SSl)method,performs well for classification tasks with a low label *** provide a graph-based batch active learning pipeline for pixel/patch neighborhood multi-or hyperspectral image *** batch active learning approach selects a collection of unlabeled pixels that satisfy a graph local maximum constraint for the active learning acquisition function that determines the relative importance of each pixel to the *** work builds on recent advances in the design of novel active learning acquisition functions(e.g.,the Model Change approach in arXiv:2110.07739)while adding important further developments including patch-neighborhood image analysis and batch active learning methods to further increase the accuracy and greatly increase the computational efficiency of these *** addition to improvements in the accuracy,our approach can greatly reduce the number of labeled pixels needed to achieve the same level of the accuracy based on randomly selected labeled pixels.

关键词： Image segmentation Graph learning Batch active learning Hyperspectral image

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Intraneuronal tau aggregation induces the integrated stress response in astrocytes

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2022年第10期14卷 50-68页

作者： kevin l.Batenburg Nael N.Kasri Vivi M.Heine Wiep Scheper Department of Functional Genomics Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrĳe Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10851081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Human Genetics and Cognitive Neuroscience Donders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboudumcGeert Grooteplein 10 Noord6500 HB NĳmegenThe Netherlands Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Amsterdam UMC location Vrĳe UniversiteitAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrĳe Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10851081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Complex Trait Genetics Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrĳe Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10851081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Human Genetics Amsterdam UMC location Vrĳe UniversiteitDe Boelelaan 10851081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands

Progressive aggregation of tau protein in neurons is associated with neurodegeneration in *** non-autonomous disease mechanisms in astrocytes may be important drivers of the disease process but remain largely ***,we studied cell type-specific responses to intraneuronal tau aggregation prior to *** this end,we developed a fully human co-culture model of seed-independent intraneuronal tau pathology,which shows no neuron and synapse *** high-content microscopy,we show that intraneuronal tau aggregation induces oxidative stress accompanied by activation of the integrated stress response specifically in *** requires the direct co-culture with neurons and is not related to neurodegeneration or extracellular tau ***-directed antisense therapy reduced intraneuronal tau levels and aggregation and prevented the cell non-autonomous responses in *** data identify the astrocytic integrated stress response as a novel disease mechanism activated by intraneuronal tau *** addition,our data provide the first evidence for the efficacy of tau-directed antisense therapy to target cell autonomous and cell non-autonomous disease pathways in a fully human model of tau pathology.

关键词： tau aggregation astrocytes hiPSC-derived neurons integrated stress response oxidative stress antisense oligonucleotides

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Surgical outcomes and quality of life following exercise-based prehabilitation for hepato-pancreatico-biliary surgery:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第3期21卷 207-217页

作者： Andy Deprato kevin Verhoeff Kieran Purich Janice Y Kung David l Bigam Khaled Z Dajani University of Alberta 116 St&85 AveEdmontonAlberta T6G 2R3Canada Department of Surgery University of Alberta Hospital8440112 Street NWEdmontonAlberta T6G 2B7Canada John W.Scott Health Sciences library University of Alberta Hospital8440112 Street NWEdmontonAlberta T6G 2B7Canada Department of Surgery Division of General SurgeryHPB Transplant and OncologyUniversity of Alberta Hospital8440112 Street NWEdmontonAlberta T6G 2B7Canada

Background:Hepato-pancreatico-biliary(HPB)patients experience significant risk of preoperative *** assessing preventative prehabilitation in HPB populations are *** systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates outcomes for HPB patients treated with exercise *** sources:A comprehensive search of MEDlINE(via Ovid),Embase(Ovid),Scopus,Web of Science Core Collection,Cochrane library(Wiley),Pro Quest Dissertations,Theses Global,and Google Scholar was conducted with review and extraction following PRISMA *** studies evaluated more than 5 adult HPB patients undergoing≥7-day exercise *** primary outcome was postoperative length of stay(lOS);secondary outcomes included complications,mortality,physical performance,and quality of ***:We evaluated 1778 titles and abstracts and selected 6(randomized controlled trial,n=3;prospective cohort,n=1;retrospective cohort,n=2)that included 957 *** those,536 patients(56.0%)underwent exercise prehabilitation and 421(44.0%)received standard *** in both groups were similar with regards to important demographic *** was associated with a 5.20-day lOS reduction(P=0.03);when outliers were removed,lOS reduction decreased to 1.85 days and was non-statistically significant(P=0.34).Postoperative complications(OR=0.70;95%CI:0.39 to 1.26;P=0.23),major complications(OR=0.83;95%CI:0.60 to 1.14;P=0.24),and mortality(OR=0.67;95%CI:0.17 to 2.70;P=0.57)were *** was associated with improved strength,cardiopulmonary function,quality of life,and alleviated ***:Exercise prehabilitation may reduce lOS and morbidity following HPB *** with well-defined exercise regimens are needed to optimize exercise prehabilitation outcomes.

关键词： Exercise-based prehabilitation Preoperative exercise Hepatobiliary Pancreaticoduodenectomy Hepatic resection Pancreatectomy

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Behavioural and energetic consequences of competition among three overwintering swan(Cygnus spp.)species

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 707-721页

作者： kevin A.Wood Julia l.Newth Geoff M.Hilton Eileen C.Rees Wildfowl&Wetlands Trust SlimbridgeGloucestershire GL27BTUnited Kingdom Centre for Ecology and Conservation/Environment and Sustainabil-ity Institute College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeter TR109EZUnited Kingdom Department of Zoology University of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridge CB23EJUnited Kingdom

Background:Winter numbers of the northwest European population of Bewick's Swans(Cygnus columbianus bewickii)declined recently by c.40%.During the same period,numbers of two sympatric and ecologically-similar congeners,the Mute Swan(Cygnus olor)and Whooper Swan(Cygnus cygnus)showed increases or *** has been suggested that these opposing population trends could have a causal relationship,as Mute and Whooper Swans are larger and competitively dominant to Bewick's Swans in foraging *** so,effects of competition of Mute and Whooper Swans on Bewick's Swans should be detectable as measurable impacts on behaviour and ***:Here,we studied the diurnal behaviour and energetics of 1083 focal adults and first-winter juveniles("cygnets")of the three swan species on their winter grounds in eastern *** analysed video recordings to derive time-activity budgets and these,together with estimates of energy gain and expenditure,were analysed to determine whether individual Bewick's Swans altered the time spent on key behaviours when sharing feeding habitat with other swan species,and any consequences for their energy expenditure and net energy ***:All three swan species spent a small proportion of their total time(0.011)on aggressive interactions,and these were predominantly intraspecific(≥0.714).Mixed-effects models indicated that sharing feeding habitat with higher densities of Mute and Whooper Swans increased the likelihood of engaging in aggression for cygnet Bewick's Swans,but not for *** levels of interspecific competition decreased the time spent by Bewick's Swan cygnets on foraging,whilst adults showed the opposite *** among low densities of conspecifics(ls/km^(2)),individual Bewick's Swans spent more time on vigilance in the presence of higher densities of Mute and Whooper Swans,whilst individuals within higher density Bewick's Swan flocks showed the opposite ***,we found no evide

关键词： Avian behaviour Energy expenditure Ethology Interference competition Interspecific interactions Time activity budgets Video observations

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