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新鲜水果和蔬菜的贮藏概论(第一讲)

中国果菜 1986年第4期 5-8页

作者： kevin j.scott 黄邦彦李为为杨谦澳大利亚联邦工业兴科学研究院食品研究所高级研究员

水果可分为二种类型,即有呼吸高峰和无呼吸高峰二类。有呼吸的高峰的果实,当后熟开始时呼吸急剧上升(乙烯的上升可能先于呼吸的上升)。这种高峰的上升随着与呼吸变化较少的时期,然后呼吸逐渐下降,如受病菌的广泛侵袭时可能再次上升。有... 详细信息

水果可分为二种类型,即有呼吸高峰和无呼吸高峰二类。有呼吸的高峰的果实,当后熟开始时呼吸急剧上升(乙烯的上升可能先于呼吸的上升)。这种高峰的上升随着与呼吸变化较少的时期,然后呼吸逐渐下降,如受病菌的广泛侵袭时可能再次上升。有呼吸高峰果实通常在呼吸开始上升前是硬且绿的时候采收,例如:香蕉,鳄梨,苹果和蕃茄。采收后,如提供适当的条件,果实可正常后熟并且产生天然

关键词：园艺产品水果呼吸高峰后熟香蕉鳄梨芭蕉属油梨气调贮藏 CA贮藏机械伤蔬菜园艺作物

Inflammasome links traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： Gabriela Seplovich Yazan Bouchi juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari jennifer C.Munoz Pareja Andrew Reisner Laura Blackwell Yehia Mechref kevin K.Wang j.Adrian Tyndall Binu Tharakan Firas Kobeissy Department of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurobiology Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatric Critical Care Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatrics Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Morehouse School of Medicine AtlantaGAUSA

Traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinct neurological disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation includes the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous microtubule-associated protein that protects the integrity of neuronal cytoskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic aggregates. These misfolded proteins are characteristic of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and can lead to downstream neuroinflammatory processes, including assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric protein units that, upon activation, release a cascade of signaling molecules resulting in caspase-induced cell death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β cytokine. One specific inflammasome, the NOD-like receptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like receptor protein 3 activation acts as a causal factor in pathological tau accumulation and spreading. This review begins by describing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and discuss the role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how such tauopathic entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal continuum. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets that may intercept this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurological decline.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease caspase-1 chronic traumatic encephalopathy inflammasomes neurodegeneration neuroinflammation NLRP1 NLRP3 pyroptosis tauopathy traumatic brain injury

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Carbon Nanotubes in Biology and Medicine:In vitro and in vivo Detection,Imaging and Drug Delivery

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Nano Research 2009年第2期2卷 85-120页

作者： Zhuang Liu scott Tabakman kevin Welsher Hongjie Dai Department of Chemistry Stanford UniversityCA 94305USA

Carbon nanotubes exhibit many unique intrinsic physical and chemical properties and have been intensively explored for biological and biomedical applications in the past few *** this comprehensive review,we summarize the main results from our and other groups in this field and clarify that surface functionalization is critical to the behavior of carbon nanotubes in biological *** detection of biological species with carbon nanotubes can be realized after surface passivation to inhibit the non-specific binding of biomolecules on the hydrophobic nanotube *** nanosensors based on nanotubes provide a label-free approach to biological ***-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes opens up a method of protein microarray with detection sensitivity down to 1 fmol/*** vitro and in vivo toxicity studies reveal that highly water soluble and serum stable nanotubes are biocompatible,nontoxic,and potentially useful for biomedical *** vivo biodistributions vary with the functionalization and possibly also size of nanotubes,with a tendency to accumulate in the reticuloendothelial system(RES),including the liver and spleen,after intravenous *** well functionalized,nanotubes may be excreted mainly through the biliary pathway in *** nanotube-based drug delivery has shown promise in various In vitro and in vivo experiments including delivery of small interfering RNA(siRNA),paclitaxel and ***,single-walled carbon nanotubes with various interesting intrinsic optical properties have been used as novel photoluminescence,Raman,and photoacoustic contrast agents for imaging of cells and *** multidisciplinary explorations in this field may bring new opportunities in the realm of biomedicine.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes biomedical applications surface functionalization biosensor drug delivery biomedical imaging

FEARCF a multidimensional free energy method for investigating conformational landscapes and chemical reaction mechanisms

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第12期54卷 1962-1973页

作者： NAIDOO kevin j. Scientific Computing Research Unit and Department of Chemistry University of Cape Town

The development and implementation of a computational method able to produce free energies in multiple dimensions,descriptively named the free energies from adaptive reaction coordinate forces(FEARCF) method is described in this *** the method can be used to calculate free energies of association,conformation and reactivity here it is shown in the context of chemical reaction landscapes.A reaction free energy surface for the Claisen rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate is used as an illustration of the method's efficient *** simulations are shown to achieve flat histograms for complex multidimensional free energy *** sampling efficiency by which it produces multidimensional free energies is demonstrated on the complex puckering of a pyranose ring,that is described by a three dimensional W(θ1,θ2,θ3) potential of mean force.

关键词： free energy calculations reaction dynamics reaction surfaces multidimensional free energy surfaces

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Substance use and inhalation injury in adult burn patients:retrospective study of the impact on outcomes

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Burns & Trauma 2019年第1期7卷 132-138页

作者： kevin M.Klifto Luis Quiroga C.scott Hultman Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Johns Hopkins Burn CenterThe Johns Hopkins Hospital4940 Eastern AvenueBaltimore 21224USA

Background:Substance use,alcohol use,and smoking use have all been associated with burn *** studies have investigated associations with substances,alcohol,smoking,inhalational only burns,and patient *** purpose of the study was to identify risk factors for pulmonary failure in patients suffering inhalation injury,focusing on the impact of substance,alcohol,and cigarette ***:This is a single-center retrospective analysis of 115 patients admitted to the johns Hopkins Bayview Burn Center with inhalational injury from january 1,2010,through September 30,*** were excluded if they were under the age of 18 years or had burn involvement of the skin>5%.Primary outcome variables measured were if patients were intubated,length of total time intubated,substance use,alcohol use,and smoking *** outcome variables measured were types of substances used(amphetamines,barbiturates,benzodiazepines,cannabinoids,cocaine,methadone,codeine/morphine),total number of substances used,intensive care unit(ICU)length of stay(LOS),hospital LOS,secondary complications,and patient *** was performed with Fisher’s exact test and the Mann-Whitney U test.A sub-group analysis for each substance,alcohol,smoking,and control subgroup was compared to its respective sub-group without substance,alcohol,smoking,and control within the no intubation and intubation group.A sub-group analysis of substance use,alcohol use,smoking use,and control was further analyzed with binomial logistic regression within the intubation ***:Following inhalation injury,50/115(43%)patients required ***-two of the 50(84%)patients intubated had substance use(p<0.001).Thirty-one of the 50(62%)patients intubated had history of smoking(p=0.038).Among the specific substances used,26/50(52%)patients intubated were using benzodiazepines(p<0.001)and 7/50(14%)patients were using cocaine(p=0.022).The lengths of intubation,ICU LOS,and hospital LOS with no substanc

关键词： Intubation Smoking Burn Risk factors Cocaine Benzodiazepines Morphine Inhalation

Prevalence and associated predictors for patients developing chronic neuropathic pain following burns

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Burns & Trauma 2020年第1期8卷 319-325页

作者： kevin M.Klifto A.Lee Dellon C.scott Hultman Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA Department of Neurosurgery The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA

Background:Chronic pain,unrelated to the burn itself,can manifest as a long-term complication in patients sustaining burn *** purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of chronic neuropathic pain(CNP)and compare burn characteristics between patients who developed CNP and patients without CNP who were treated at a burn ***:A single-center,retrospective analysis of 1880 patients admitted to the adult burn center was performed from 1 january 2014 to 1 january *** included were over the age of 15 years,sustained a burn injury and were admitted to the burn *** was diagnosed clinically following burn *** were excluded from the definition of CNP if their pain was due to an underlying illness or *** between patients admitted to the burn center with no pain and patients admitted to the burn center who developed CNP were ***:One hundred and thirteen of the 1880 burn patients developed CNP as a direct result of burn injury over 5 years with a prevalence of 6.01%.Patients who developed CNP were a significantly older median age(54 years vs.46 years,p=0.002),abused alcohol(29%vs.8%,p<0.001),abused substances(31%vs.9%,p<0.001),were current daily smokers(73%vs.33%,p<0.001),suffered more full-thickness burns(58%vs.43%,p<0.001),greater median percent of total body surface area(%TBSA)burns(6 vs.3.5,p<0.001),were more often intubated on mechanical ventilation(33%vs.14%,p<0.001),greater median number of surgeries(2 vs.0,p<0.001)and longer median hospital length of stay(LOS)(10 days vs.3 days,p<0.001),compared to those who did not develop CNP,*** patient follow-up was 27 ***:The prevalence of CNP over 5 years was 6.01%in the burn *** ages,alcohol abuse,substance abuse,current daily smoking,greater percent of total body surface area(%TBSA)burns,third degree burns,being intubated on mechanical ventilation,having more surgeries and longer hospital LOS were as

关键词： Alcohol Burns Chronic pain Length of stay Nerve Neuralgia Prevalence Smoking Substance Surgery

Discrete element modelling of the quasi-static uniaxial compression of individual infant formula agglomerates

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Particuology 2012年第5期10卷 523-531页

作者： kevin j.Hanley Catherine O'Sullivan Edmond P.Byrne kevin Cronin Department of Process and Chemical Engineering University College CorkCorkIreland Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Skempton BuildingImperial College LondonLondon SW7 2AZ United Kingdom

Infant formula is usually produced in an agglomerated powder form. These agglomerates are subjected to many transient forces following their manufacture. These can be difficult to quantify experimentally because of their small magnitudes and short durations, Numerical models have the potential to address this gap in the experimental data. The objective of the research described here was to calibrate a discrete element model for these agglomerates using experimental data obtained for quasi-static loading, and to use this model to study the mechanics of the particle response in detail. The Taguchi method was previously proposed as a viable calibration approach for discrete element models. In this work, the method was assessed for calibration of the model parameters （e.g., bond stiffnesses and strengths） considering three responses： the force at failure, strain at failure and agglomerate stiffness. The Weibull moduli for the simulation results and the experimental data were almost identical following calibration and the 37% characteristic stresses were similar. An analysis of the energy terms in the model provided useful insight into the model response. The bond energy and the normal force exerted on the platens were strongly correlated, and bond breakage events coincided with the highest energy dissipation rates.

关键词： Discrete element modellingUniaxial compressionQuasi-static crushingSimulationGranular materialsTaguchi methods

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Non-uniqueness of critical solid fraction considering boundary conditions and strain-rate effects

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Particuology 2021年第1期19卷 37-49页

作者： Mingze Xu Zixin Zhang Xin Huang kevin j.Hanley Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China State Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Engineering Ministry of EducationTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China School of Engineering Institute for Infrastructure and EnvironmentThe University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93JLUnited Kingdom

The critical solid fraction(ϕj),which marks the transition between the solid and liquid phases in the jamming diagram,is influenced by several *** this study,the dependency ofϕj on strain rate and boundary conditions is examined through discrete element method simulations considering a frictionless polydisperse granular *** approaches are used to determineϕ*** observed boundary effect is due to the nonuniform solid fraction distribution induced by the clustering of particles close to rigid-wall boundaries at high compression *** solid fraction distribution within the sample in the rigid-wall simulations approaches that in the periodic-boundary simulations as the compression rate *** increasing compression rate,the major force transmission network contains fewer mechanically stable particles and a less stable force transmission *** causes jamming of the granular assembly at a lower solid *** force transmission networks,however,are fragile and disintegrate quickly upon relaxation.

关键词： jamming transition jamming density Strain rate dependency Boundary effects

Sensory sacrifices when we mass-produce mass produce

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 167-172页

作者： kevin M Folta Harry j Klee Horticultural Sciences Department Plant Innovation Center and The Graduate Program for Plant Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesville32606FLUSA

Plant breeders have been extremely successful at driving genetic improvements in ***,‘improvements’are truly a question of *** the last one-hundred years most plant genetic innovations have been driven by industry *** fruits,heavier yields,uniformity,increased resistance to disease and better shipping quality are just a few of the traits that have ensured profits on the farm and affordable food for ***,these milestones have come at the expense of sensory qualities,which have been sacrificed in exchange for practical production *** a base of industry-sufficient genetics,today’s breeders can now turn to the consumer for guidance in defining critical *** approaches to plant breeding start with the analysis of consumer preferences,and then merge them with modern genomics and analytical chemistry *** result is the next generation of crops that meet supply chain demands while presenting improvements in flavor,nutrition,color,aroma and *** review analyzes the approach of consumer-assisted selection as it has been applied to tomato and strawberry,two complementary annual crops that have been intensively bred to meet industry *** breeding efforts start with the consumer,with the objective of reclaiming lost sensory qualities.

关键词： crops breeding driving