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State-of-the-Art management of knee osteoarthritis

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World j.urnal of Clinical Cases 2015年第2期3卷 89-101页

作者： kenton H Fibel Howard j.Hillstrom Brian C Halpern Department of Medicine Primary Care Sports MedicineHospital for Special Surgery Leon Root Motion Analysis Laboratory Department of RehabilitationHospital for Special Surgery

Osteoarthritis(OA) is the most common type of arthritis found in the United States' population and is also the most common disease of j.ints in adults throughout the world with the knee being the most frequently affected of all j.ints. As the United States' population ages along with the increasing trends in obesity prevalence in other parts of the world, it is expected that the burden of OA on the population, healthcare system, and overall economy will continue to increase in the future without making maj.r improvements in managing knee OA. Numerous therapies aim to reduce symptoms of knee OA and continued research has helped to further understand the complex pathophysiology of its disease mechanism attempting to uncover new potential targets for the treatment of OA. This review article seeks to evaluate the current practices for managing knee OA and discusses emerging therapies on the horizon. These practices include non-pharmacological treatments such as providing patient education and self-management strategies, advising weight loss, strengthening programs, and addressing biomechanical issues with bracing or foot orthoses. Oral analgesics and anti-inflammatories are pharmacologicals that are commonly used and the literature overall supports that some of these medications can be helpful for managing knee OA in the short-term but are less effective for long-term management. Additionally, more prolonged use significantly increases the risk of serious associated side effects that are not too uncommon. Diseasemodifying osteoarthritis drugs are being researched as a treatment modality to potentially halt or slow disease progression but data at this time is limited and continued studies are being conducted to further investigate their effectiveness. Intra-articular inj.ctables are also implemented to manage knee OA ranging from corticosteroids to hyaluronans to more recently plateletrich plasma and even stem cells while several other inj.ction therapies are presently b

关键词： Disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs Knee osteoarthritis Disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs Osteoarthritis management Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs Hyaluronic acid Arthroscopy Platelet-rich plasma Corticosteroids Stem cells

Synthesis of RE(OH)_2Cl and REOCl (RE=Eu, Tb) nanostructures

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j.urnal of Rare Earths 2008年第2期26卷 131-135页

作者： S. V. Mahaj.n j. hart j. Hood A. Everheart M. L. Redigolo D. S. Koktysh E. A. Payzant j. H. Dickerson Interdisciplinary Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt UniversityNashville TN 37235 USAVanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashville TN 37235 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt UniversityNashville TN 37235 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt UniversityNashville TN 37235 USAVanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashville TN 37235 USA Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt UniversityNashville TN 37235 USAVanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashville TN 37235 USA Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge TN 37831 USA

Anisotropic structures, nanoneedles, and nanospindles of rare earth hydroxychloride （RE（OH）2Cl） and oxychloride （REOCl）（rare earth=Eu and Tb） were synthesized. The rare earth hydroxychloride nanostructures were formed via a thermally assisted hydrolysis of the rare-earth sesquioxide nanocrystals. The morphological evolution of the nanostructures was studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, while the structural evolution was investigated using X-ray diffraction techniques. The thermal stability of the rare earth hydroxychlorides was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. The rare earth oxychloride nanospindles were synthesized via a simple heat-treatment of rare earth hydroxychloride nanospindles.

关键词： rare-earth hydroxychloride rare-earth oxychloride rare earth sesquioxide nanoneedle nanospindle lanthanide

Post-ablation surveillance in Barrett's esophagus: A review of the literature

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2016年第17期22卷 4297-4306页

作者： Matthew W Stier Vani j.Konda j.hn hart Irving Waxman Department of Internal Medicine The University of Chicago Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine The University of Chicago Medicine Department of Pathology The University of Chicago Medicine

Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a pre-malignant condition affecting up to 15% of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Neoplastic Barrett’s mucosa is defined as harboring high grade dysplasia or intra-mucosal cancer, and carries a high risk of progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma. The rising incidence of Barrett’s lesions along with the high morbidity of surgical approaches has led to the development of numerous validated endoscopic techniques capable of eradicating neoplastic mucosa in a minimally invasive manner. While there has been widespread adoption of these techniques, less is known about optimal surveillance intervals in the post-therapy period. This is due in part to limitations in current surveillance methods, questions about durability of treatment response and the risk of subendothelial progression. As we are now able to achieve organ sparing eradication of superficial neoplasia in BE, we need to also then focus our attention on how best to manage these patients after eradication is achieved. Implementing optimal surveillance practices requires additional understanding of the biology of the disease, appreciation of the limits of current tools and treatments, and exploration of the role of adj.nctive technologies. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of current literature surrounding post-ablation surveillance in neoplastic BE.

关键词： Barrett’ s esophagus Endotherapy Post-ablation surveillance Neoplastic Radiofrequency ablation Endoscopic mucosal resection

High-throughput quantification of microbial birth and death dynamics using fluorescence microscopy

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Frontiers of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in China 2019年第1期7卷 69-81页

作者： Samuel F. M. hart David Skelding Adam j. Waite j.stin C. Burton Wenying Shou Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center SeattleWA 98109USA

Background: Microbes live in dynamic environments where nutrient concentrations fluctuate. Quantifying fitness in terms of birth rate and death rate in a wide range of environments is critical for understanding microbial evolution and ecology. Methods^ Here, using high-throughput time-lapse microscopy, we have quantified how Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants incapable of synthesizing an essential metabolite (auxotrophs) grow or die in various concentrations of the required metabolite. We establish that cells normally expressing fluorescent proteins lose fluorescence upon death and that the total fluorescence in an imaging frame is proportional to the number of live cells even when cells form multiple layers. We validate our microscopy approach of measuring birth and death rates using flow cytometry, cell counting, and chemostat culturing. Results: For lysine-requiring cells, very low concentrations of lysine are not detectably consumed and do not support cell birth, but delay the onset of death phase and reduce the death rate compared to no lysine. In contrast, in low hypoxanthine, hypoxanthine-requiring cells can produce new cells, yet also die faster than in the absence of hypoxanthine. For both strains, birth rates under various metabolite concentrations are better described by the sigmoidal-shaped Moser model than the well-known Monod model, while death rates can vary with metabolite concentration and time. Conclusions: Our work reveals how time-lapse microscopy can be used to discover non-intuitive microbial birth and death dynamics and to quantify growth rates in many environments.

关键词： Saccharomyces cerevisiae fluorescence microscopy microbial growth birth rate death rate

Quantitative study on pollen-based reconstructions of vegetation history from central Canada

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第8期51卷 1081-1088页

作者： hart Catherina VETTER Mary SAUCHYN David Department of Biology University of ReginaS4S 0A2Canada Prairie Adaptation Research Collaborative SK S4S 7J7Canada Department of GeographyUniversity of ReginaS4S 0A2Canada

Based on high-resolution pollen records from lake cores in central Canada, the present study instructed pollen taxa assignations in ecosystem groups and modern analogue technique, reported maj.r results of quantitativ... 详细信息

关键词： sedimentary pollen surface pollen modern analogue technique ecosystem paleovegetation past 1000 years

Multi-scale drivers of soil resistance predict vulnerability of seasonally wet meadows to trampling by pack stock animals in the Sierra Nevada,USA

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 364-377页

作者： j.y S.Baccei Mitchel P.McClaran Tim j.Kuhn Stephen C.hart Environmental Systems Graduate Group University of CaliforniaMercedCA 95343USA UC Merced Vernal Pools and Grassland Reserve UC Merced Natural Reserve SystemMercedCA 95343USA School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Resources Management and Science Yosemite National ParkEl PortalCA 95318USA Department of Life&Environmental Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute University of CaliforniaMercedCA 95343USA.

Background:Meadow ecosystems have important ecological functions and support socioeconomic services,yet are subj.ct to multiple stressors that can lead to rapid *** the Sierra Nevada of the western USA,recreational pack stock(horses and mules)use in seasonally wet mountain meadows may lead to soil trampling and meadow degradation,especially when soil water content is high and vegetation is ***:In order to improve the ability to predict meadow vulnerability to soil disturbance from pack stock use,we measured soil resistance(SR),which is an index of vulnerability to trampling disturbance,at two spatial scales using a stratified-random sampling *** then compared SR to several soil and vegetation explanatory variables that were also measured at the two spatial scales:plant community type(local scale)and topographic gradient class(meadow scale).Results:We found that local-scale differences in drivers of SR were contingent on the meadow scale,which is important because multiple spatial scale evaluation of ecological metrics provides a broader understanding of the potential controls on ecological processes than assessments conducted at a single spatial *** also found two contrasting explanatory models for drivers of SR at the local scale:(1)soil gravimetric water content effects on soil disaggregation and(2)soil bulk density and root mass influence on soil *** resistance was insufficient to sustain pack stock use without incurring soil deformation in wet plant communities,even when plant cover was maximal during a maj.r ***:Our study provides new information on seasonally wet meadow vulnerability to trampling by pack stock animals using multi-scale drivers of SR,including the contrasting roles of soil disaggregation,friction,and *** work aims to inform meadow management efforts in the Sierra Nevada and herbaceous ecosystems in similar regions that are subj.ct to seasonal soil saturation and livestock u

关键词： Hydrogeomorphic classification Hydrologic regime Pack stock Plant communities Soil properties Soil strength

A General Algorithm for Calculating Irreducible Brillouin Zones

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Communications in Computational Physics 2022年第2期31卷 495-515页

作者： j.remy j.j.rgensen j.hn E.Christensen Tyler j.j.rvis Gus L.W.hart Department of Physics and Astronomy Brigham Young UniversityProvoUtah84602USA Department ofMathematics BrighamYoungUniversityProvoUtah84602USA

Calculations of properties of materials require performing numerical integrals over the Brillouin zone(BZ).Integration points in density functional theory codes are uniformly spread over the BZ(despite integration error being concentrated in small regions of the BZ)and preserve symmetry to improve computational *** points over an irreducible Brillouin zone(IBZ),a rotationally distinct region of the BZ,do not have to preserve crystal symmetry for greater *** freedom allows the use of adaptive meshes with higher concentrations of points at locations of large error,resulting in improved algorithmic *** have created an algorithm for constructing an IBZ of any crystal structure in 2D and *** algorithmuses convex hull and half-space representations for the BZ and IBZ to make many aspects of construction and symmetry reduction of the BZ *** algorithm is simple,general,and available as open-source software.

关键词： Brillouin zone irreducible Brillouin zone

NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS WITH ENHANCED HARDNESS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2005年第3期18卷 433-442页

作者： j. Musil Department of Physics University of West Bohemia Univerzitní 22 306 14 Pl zeň.

The article reviews the present state of the art in the magnetron sputtering of hart and superhard nanocomposite coatings. It is shown that there are (1) two gr oups of hard and superhard nanocomposites: (i) nc-MN/hard phase and (ii) nc-MN/s oft phase, (2) three possible origins of the enhanced hardness: (i) dislocation- dominated plastic deformation, (ii) cohesive forces between atoms and (iii) nano structure of materials, and (3) huge differences in the microstructure of single - and two-phase films. A main attention is devoted to the formation of nanocryst alline and/or X-ray amorphous films. Such films are created in a vicinity of tra nsitions between (i) crystalline and amorphous phases, (ii) two crystalline phas es of different chemical composition or (iii) two different preferred orientatio ns of grains of the same material from which the coating is composed. The existe nce of the last transition makes it possible to explain the enhanced hardness in single-phase films. The thermal stability and oxidation resistance of hard nano composite films is also shortly discussed.

关键词： nanocomposites single- and two-phase films enhanced hardness,

Direct detection and measurement of wall shear stress using a filamentous bio-nanoparticle

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Nano Research 2015年第10期8卷 3307-3315页

作者： Daniela P. Lobo Alan M. Wemyss David j. Smith Anne Straube Kai B. Betteridge Andrew H. j. Salmon Rebecca R. Foster Hesham E. Elhegni Simon C. Satchell Haydn A. Little Raul Pacheco-Gomez Mark j. Simmons Matthew R. Hicks David O. Bates Alison Rodger Timothy R. Dafforn kenton P. Arkill DepartmentofChemistryandWarwickAnalyticalScienceCentre UniversityofWarwickCoventryCV47ALUK MOACDoctoralTrainingCentre UniversityofWarwickCoventryCV47ALUK Mathematics UniversityofBirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamWestMidlandsB152TTUK CentreforMechanochemicalCellBiology WarwickMedicalSchoolUniversityofWarwickCoventryCV47ALUK PhysiologyandPharmacology UniversityofBristolUniversityWalkBristolBS81TDUK ClinicalSciences WhitsonStreetUniversityofBristolBristolBS13NYUK SchoolofChemistry UniversityofBirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamWestMidlandsB152TTUK Biosciences UniversityofBirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamWestMidlandsB152TTUK ChemicalEngineering UniversityofBirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamWestMidlandsB152TTUK SchoolofMedicine UniversityofNottinghamQueen'sMedicalCentreNottinghamNG27UHUK Biochemistry UniversityofBristolUniversityWalkBristolBS81TDUK

The wall shear stress （WSS） that a moving fluid exerts on a surface affects many processes including those relating to vascular function. WSS plays an important role in normal physiology （e.g. angiogenesis） and affects the microvasculature＇s primary function of molecular transport. Points of fluctuating WSS show abnormalities in a number of diseases; however, there is no established technique for measuring WSS directly in physiological systems. All current methods rely on estimates obtained from measured velocity gradients in bulk flow data. In this work, we report a nanosensor that can directly measure WSS in microfluidic chambers with sub-micron spatial resolution by using a specific type of virus, the bacteriophage M13, which has been fluorescently labeled and anchored to a surface. It is demonstrated that the nanosensor can be calibrated and adapted for biological tissue, revealing WSS in micro-domains of cells that cannot be calculated accurately from bulk flow measurements. This method lends itself to a platform applicable to many applications in biology and microfluidics.

关键词： microfluidics nanoparticle M13 bacteriophage wall shear stress fluorescent microscopy