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Traits of an invasive grass conferring an early growth advantage over native grasses

Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第6期9卷 672-681页

作者： Lara G.Reichmann Susanne Schwinning H.wayne Polley Philip A.Fay Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA USDA-ARS Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory808 E Blackland RoadTempleTX 76502USA Department of Biology Texas State UniversitySan MarcosTX 78666USA

Aims Invasive species often have higher relative growth rates(RGR)than their native *** use efficiency,total leaf area and specific leaf area(SLA)are traits that may confer RGR differences between natives and invasives,but trait differences are less prominent when the invasive species belongs to the same plant functional type as the dominant native ***,we test if traits displayed soon after germination confer an early size ***,we predicted that invasive species seedlings grow faster than the natives because they lack trade-offs that more strongly constrain the growth of native *** We quantified plant morphological and physiological traits and RGR during early seedling growth at high and low nutrient levels in three dominant perennial native C_(4) grasses:Panicum virgatum L.(switchgrass),Schizachyrium scoparium(Michx.)Nash(little bluestem)and Andropogon gerardii Vitman(big bluestem);and a perennial C_(4) exotic invasive grass,Sorghum halepense(L.)Pers.(Johnsongrass).Important Findings After 2 weeks of growth,Johnsongrass seedlings had greater biomass,SLA and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency,but lower leaf N concentrations(%leaf N)and root:shoot ratio than *** growth continued,Johnsongrass more quickly produced larger and thicker leaves than the natives,which dampened the growth advantage past the first 2 to 3 weeks of *** in carbon gain appears to be the best explanation for the early growth advantage of *** natives,growth was constrained by an apparent trade-off between allocation to root biomass,which reduced SLA,and production of leaves with high N content,which increased carbon *** Johnsongrass,root:shoot ratio did not interact with other traits,and%leaf N was decoupled from RGR as a result of a trade-off between the positive indirect association of%leaf N with RGR and the negative direct association of%leaf N with RGR.

关键词： biomass allocation invasive plants RGR Sorghum halepense trade-offs trait development

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Calcium Sulfonate Complex Grease-25 Years Young

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润滑油 2013年第3期28卷 4-16页

作者： wayne Mackwood Chemtura Canada Co./Cie

25 years ago,*** Muir presented a paper to the National Lubricating Grease Institute(NLGI) on a new technology that he developed titled"High Performance Calcium Sulfonate Complex Grease".This was the introduction of the modern version of the calcium sulfonate grease technology that we know *** other technology would be considered mature after 25 years on the market,however,calcium sulfonate complex grease continues to grow and to find new applications in the lubricant *** to the NLGI production survey,it accounted for more than 45 million pounds of production in *** technology is noted for bringing value to the lubrication environment,over other technologies,particularly in areas where heat,water,and high loads *** is a technology that solves *** is used extensively in North America and *** paper will review the chemistry and properties behind calcium sulfonate complex grease and will examine several industries where it has had an impact.

关键词：润滑油性能航空润滑油涡轮螺旋桨发动机发动机试验发动机使用

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Subseasonal features of the Asian summer monsoon in the NCEP climate forecast system

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2008年第3期27卷 88-103页

作者： Song YANG WEN Min R wayne HIGGINS NOAA＇s Climate Prediction Center Camp Springs Maryland 20746 USA Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China

The operational climate forecast system （CFS） of the US National Centers for Environmental Prediction provides climate predictions over the world, and CFS products are becoming an important source of information for regional climate predictions in many Asian countries where monsoon climate dominates. Recent studies have shown that, on monthly-to-seasonal time-scales, the CFS is highly skillful in simulating and predicting the variability of the Asian monsoon. The higher-frequency variability of the Asian summer monsoon in the CFS is analyzed, using output from a version with a spectral triangular truncation of 126 waves in horizontal and 64 sigma layers in vertical, focusing on synoptic, quasi-biweekly, and intraseasonal time-scales. The onset processes of different regional monsoon components were investigated within Asia. Although the CFS generally overestimates variability of monsoon on these time-scales, it successfully captures many major features of the variance patterns, especially for the synoptic timescale. The CFS also captures the timing of summer monsoon onsets over India and the Indo-China Peninsula. However, it encounters difficulties in simulating the onset of the South China Sea monsoon. The success and failure of the CFS in simulating the onset of monsoon precipitation can also be seen from the associated features of simulated atmospheric circulation processes. Overall, the CFS is capable of simulating the synoptic-to-intraseasonal variability of the Asian summer monsoon with skills. As for seasonal-tointerannual time-scales shown previously, the model is expected to possess a potential for skillful predictions of the high-frequency variability of the Asian monsoon.

关键词： Asian summer monsoon onset evolution synoptic-to-intraseasonal variability NCEP climate prediction system

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Harmonious Stock Prices

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Frontiers of Business Research in China 2014年第1期8卷 1-17页

作者： Hong Sun Jacqueline Wenjie Wang wayne Yu Kai Zhu School of Accountancy Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Shanghai 200433China

Stock price movements in China still remain highly harmonious, in spite of the many significant regulatory and structural changes over the recent years. A survey of the literature reveals that harmony in the stock price movements is related to a few salient features in China＇s capital market： high ownership concentration, high incidence of the use of pyramidal ownership structure, significant state ownership, and a lack of active institutional investors. In addition, we also point out that harmonious stock prices may generally result from low intensity of private information acquisitions by risk arbitrageurs.

关键词： stock price synchronicity firm-specific information market efficiency

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Prediction of performance and evaluation of flexible pavement rehabilitation strategies

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2017年第2期4卷 178-184页

作者： Kang-Won wayne Lee Kathleen Wilson Syed Amir Hassan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Rhode Island Kingston R1 02881 USA Rhode Island Department of Transportation Prouid-ence RI 02903 USA

Five test sections with different additives and strategies were established to rehabilitate a State-maintained highway more effectively in Rhode Island （RI）： control, calcium chloride, asphalt emulsion, Portland cement and geogrid. Resilient moduli of subgrade soils and subbase materials before and after full depth rehabilitation were employed as input pa- rameters to predict the performance of pavement structures using AASHTOWare Pave- ment ME Design （Pavement ME） software in terms of rutting, cracking and roughness. It was attempted to use Level i input （which includes traffic full spectrum data, climate data and structural layer properties） for Pavement ME. Traffic data was obtained from a Weigh- in-Motion （WIM} instrument and Providence station was used for collecting climatic data. Volumetric properties, dynamic modulus and creep compliance were used as input pa- rameters for 19 mm （0.75 in.} warm mix asphalt （WMA） base and 12.S mm （0.5 in.） WMA surface layer. The results indicated that all test sections observed AC top-down （longitu- dinal） cracking except Portland cement section which passed for all criteria. The order in terms of performance （best to worst） for all test sections by Pavement ME was Portland cement, calcium chloride, control, geogrid, and asphalt emulsion. It was also observed that all test sections passed for both bottom up and top down fatigue cracking by increasing thickness of either of the two top asphalt layers. Test sections with five different base/ subbase materials were evaluated in last two years through visual condition survey and measurements of deflection and roughness to confirm the prediction, but there was no serious distress and roughness. Thus these experiments allowed selecting the best reha- bilitation/reconstruction techniques for the particular and/or similar highway, and a framework was formulated to select an optimal technique and/or strategy for future rehabilitation/reconstruction projects. Finally, guidelines for lo

关键词： Full depth rehabilitation Resilient modulus AASHTOWare pavement ME design Surface distress

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Evaluation of corporal fibrosis in cadaveric pericardium and vein grafts for tunica albuginea substitution in rats

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2003年第4期5卷 295-299页

作者： Somboon Leungwattanakij Vaewvadee Tiewthanom wayne J.G. Hellstrom Department of Urology Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok 10400 ThailandDepartment of Nursing Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok 10400 ThailandDepartment of Urology Tulane University Health Sciences Center New Orleans Louisiana USA

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the degree of corporal fibrosis in rats with cadaveric pericardium or vein as grafting materials for tunica albuginea substitution. Materials and methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (300 g-325 g) were divided at random into 3 groups of 10 animals each: group 1 was the sham-operated controls and groups 2 and 3 underwent wedge excision of tunica albuginea and replacement with cadaveric pericardium and vein grafts, respectively. Four months later, rats were sacrificed and the penis removed to assess the degree of fibrosis using RT PCR technique for TGP-β1 mRNA expression. The tissues were fixed in 10 % formalin, paraffin-embedded and stained with Masson's trichrome and Verhoff's van Giesen for collagen and elastic fibers. Results: Four months after grafting, there was minimal fibrosis surrounding the patch in the vein graft rats and moderate fibrosis in the pericardial graft rats. The degree of penile fibrosis in the pericardial graft rats was significantly higher than that in the controls (P0.05). Conclusion: The degree of penile fibrosis of cadaveric pericardial graft was significantly higher than that of the control group, while in the vein graft group it was comparable to the latter. The authors believe that the vein graft may be a more ideal substance to be used as the tunica albuginea substitute than the pericardial graft in the surgical treatment of Peyronie's disease.

关键词： Peyronie's disease pericardial graft vein graft

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OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FOR BLADDER CANCER DIAGNOSIS:FROM ANIMAL STUDY TO CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2008年第1期1卷 125-140页

作者： ZHIJIA YUAN HUGANG REN wayne WALTZER JASON KIM JINGXUAN LIU KEMIAO JIA HUIKAI XIE YINGTIAN PAN Departments of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA Departments of Biomedical Urology Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA Departments of Biomedical Pathology Stony Brook University Stony BrookNYUSA The ECE Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

This paper summarizes the recent technological development in our lab on cystoscopic optical coherence tomography(COCT)by integrating time-domain OCT(TDOCT)and spectral-domain OCT(SDOCT)with advanced MEMS-mirror technology for endoscopic laser scanning *** COCT catheter can be integrated into the instrument channel of a commercial 22Fr rigid cystoscopic sheath for in vivo imaging of human bladder under the cystosocopic visual guidance;the axial/transverse resolutions of the COCT catheter are roughly 9μm and 12μm,respectively,and 2D COCT imaging can be performed with over 110dB dynamic range at 4–8 *** examine the utility and potential limitations of OCT for bladder cancer diagnosis,systemic ex vivo rat bladder carcinogenesis studies were performed to follow various morphological changes induced by tumor growth and in vivo porcine study was performed to examine the feasibility of COCT for in vivo *** by promising results of the animal studies,preliminary clinical study was conducted on patients scheduled for operating-room cystoscopy for bladder ***-blind clinical results reveal that COCT can delineate detailed bladder architectures(e.g.,urothelium,lamina propria,muscularis)at high resolution and detect bladder cancers based on enhanced urothelial heterogeneity as a result of excessive growing nature of bladder *** diagnostic sensitivity and specificity can be enhanced to 92%and 85%,*** also suggest that due to reduced imaging depth of COCT in cancerous lesions,staging of bladder cancers may be limited to Ta or T1 for non-outgrowing cancerous lesions.

关键词： Optical coherence tomography bladder cancer diagnosis microelectromechanical system

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Risk of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Elderly Patients with the Overlap Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2013年第2期10卷 129-134页

作者： Harsha V. Ganga Sanjeev U. Nair Venkata K. Puppala wayne L. Miller The Henry Low Heart Center Hartford Hospital B-1010 80 Seymour Street Hartford CT 06102 USA St. Joseph's Hospital 45 W 10th St St. Paul MN 55102 USA Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA

Background Co-existence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is referred to as overlap syndrome. Overlap patients have greater degree of hypoxia and pulmonary hypertension than patients with OSA or COPD alone. Studies showed that elderly patients with OSA alone do not have increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) but it is not known if overlap patients have higher risk of AF. Objective To determine whether elderly patients with overlap syndrome have an increased risk of AF. Methods In this single center, community-based retrospective cohort analysis, data were collected on 2,873 patients > 65 years of age without AF, presenting in the year 2006. Patients were divided into OSA group (n = 60), COPD group (n = 416), overlap syndrome group (n = 28) and group with no OSA or COPD(n = 2369). The primary endpoint was incidence of new-onset AF over the following two years. Logistic regression was performed to adjust for heart failure (HF), coronary artery disease, hypertension (HTN), cerebrovascular disease, cardiac valve disorders, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and obesity. Results The incidence of AF was 10% in COPD group, 6% in OSA group and 21% in overlap syndrome group (P < 0.05). After adjusting for age, sex, HF, CKD, and HTN, patientswith overlap syndrome demonstrated a significant association with new-onset AF (OR = 3.66, P = 0.007). HF, CKD and HTNwere also significantly associated with new-onset AF (P < 0.05). Conclusion Among elderly patients, the presence of overlap syndrome is associatedwith a marked increase in risk of new-onset AF as compared to the presence of OSA or COPDalone.

关键词： Atrial arrhythmias Elderly patients Obstructive lung disease Sleep apnea

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Isolation of protein from Chlorella sorokiniana CY1 using liquid biphasic flotation assisted with sonication through sugaring-out effect

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第3期37卷 898-908页

作者： CHIA Shir Reen CHEW Kit wayne SHOW Pau Loke SIVAKUMAR Manickam LING Tau Chuan TAO Yang Bioseparation Research Group Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia CampusSemenyih 43500Malaysia Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia CampusSemenyih 43500Malaysia Institute of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Microalgae,a sustainable source of multi beneficial components has been discovered and could be utilised in pharmaceutical,bioenergy and food *** study aims to investigate the sugaring-out effect on the recovery of protein from wet green microalga,Chlorella sorokiniana CY1 which was assisted with sonication.A comparison of monosaccharides and disaccharides as one of the phaseforming constituents shows that the monosaccharides,glucose was the most suitable sugar in forming the phases with acetonitrile to enhance the production of protein(52% of protein).The protein productivity of microalgae was found to be significantly influenced by the volume ratio of both phases,as the yield of protein increased to 77%.The interval time between the sonication as well as the sonication modes were influencing the protein productivity as *** optimum protein productivity was obtained with 10s of resting time in between *** mode of sonication was suitable to break down the cell wall of microalgae compared to continuous mode as a lower protein yield was obtained with the application of continuous *** optimum condition for protein extraction were found as followed:200g/L glucose as bottom phase with volume ratio of 1:1.25,10s of resting time for ultrasonication,5s of ultrasonication in pulse mode and 0.25g of biomass *** high yield of protein about 81% could be obtained from microalgae which demonstrates the potential of this source and expected to play an important role in the future.

关键词： sugaring-out Chlorella sorokiniana CY1 liquid biphasic flotation sonication microalgae extraction

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Association of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels with semen and hormonal parameters

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第6期14卷 855-859页

作者： Ahmad O Hammoud A wayne Meikle C Matthew Peterson Joseph Stanford Mark Gibson Douglas T Carrell Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes Department of Internal Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA Department of Preventive and Family Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA Department of Surgery (Urology) and Physiology Andrology and IVF Laboratories University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA

Vitamin D levels have been linked to various health outcomes including reproductive disorders. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between serum vitamin D level （25-hydroxy-vitamin D, or 250HD） and semen and hormonal parameters. This is a cross-sectional study that included 170 healthy men recruited for the study of spermatogenesis from the general population. Men completed general and reproductive health questionnaires, and donated blood and semen samples. The main measures were hormonal （total and free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone） and semen parameters, adjusted （n= 147） for age, body mass index （BMI）, season, alcohol intake and smoking, in relation to categories of vitamin D levels, determined apriori. The mean age of the study population was 29.0±8.5 years and mean BMI was 24.3±3.2 kg m-2. The mean 250HD was 34.1± 15.06 ng m1-1. BMI showed a negative association with 250HD. Sperm concentration, sperm progressive motility, sperm morphology, and total progressively motile sperm count were lower in men with ‘250HD ≥ 50 ng ml-1＇ when compared to men with‘20 ng ml-1 ≤ 250H D〈 50 ng ml-1,. Total sperm count and total progressive motile sperm count were lower in men with ‘250HD〈20 ng ml-1＇ when compared to men with‘20 ng ml-1≤250HD〈50 ng ml-1＇. The adjusted means of various hormonal parameters did not show statistical difference in the different categories of 250HD. In conclusion, serum vitamin D levels at high and low levels can be negatively associated with semen parameters.

关键词： low semen count obesity semen parameters vitamin D

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