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Role of hepatitis A virus in diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第11期12卷 1928-1941页

作者： James Lin Horng-Yih Ou Rudruidee Karnchanasorn Raynald Samoa Lee-Ming chuang ken c chiu Department of Gastroenterology City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA 91010United States Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal MedicineNational Cheng-Kung University Medical College and HospitalTainan 700Taiwan Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and GeneticsDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160United States Department of clinical Diabetes Endocrinologyand MetabolismDiabetes and Metabolism Research InstituteCity of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA 91010United States Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and NutritionDepartment of Internal MedicineHarbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90502United States of America Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University HospitalTaipei 102Taiwan Graduate Institute of Preventive Medicine School of Public HealthTaipei 102Taiwan

BAcKGROUND Although much information is available regarding hepatitis c virus infection and diabetes,less is known about the relationship between hepatitis A virus(HAV)infection and *** To examine the roles of HAV in diabetes *** This cross-sectional study population included data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected between *** subjects(≥20 years old)with available body mass index measurements,defined diabetes status,history of HAV vaccination,and HAV serology were *** vaccination was based on self-reported *** HAV immunization was defined as the presence of both vaccination and anti-HAV *** infection was defined by the absence of vaccination but presence of anti-hepatitis A *** odds ratio(OR)for diabetes with 95%confidence intervals(95%cI)was calculated for each HAV status and then adjusted for *** tests,based on different definitions of diabetes,were performed to verify the *** Among 19942 subjects,4229 subjects(21.21%)received HAV vaccination and HAV antibody was present in 9224 subjects(46.25%).Although HAV infection was associated with an increased risk of diabetes(OR:1.13;95%cI:1.08-1.18),HAV vaccination was not associated with diabetes(OR:1.06;95%cI:0.95-1.18),and successful HAV immunization had no impact on the risk of diabetes(OR:1.11;95%cI:0.97-1.27).Thus,HAV infection was an unlikely cause of ***,in non-vaccinated subjects,diabetes increased the risk of HAV infection by 40%(OR:1.40,95%cI:1.27-1.54).cONcLUSION An association between HAV infection and diabetes is observed which is best explained by an increased risk of HAV infection in diabetic *** subjects are more susceptible to ***,HAV vaccination is highly recommended in diabetic patients.

关键词： Vaccination Immunization Viral hepatitis Liver Glucose metabolism Diabetes mellitus

Association of insulin resistance with serum ferritin and aminotransferases-iron hypothesis

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2015年第4期5卷 232-243页

作者： Jean Huang Rudruidee Karnchanasorn Horng-Yih Ou Wei Feng Lee-Ming chuang ken c chiu Raynald Samoa Department of clinical Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism City of Hope National Medical Center Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Nutrition Department of Internal Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Division of Endocrinology Department of Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine National Cheng Kung University Hospital College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Graduate Institute of Preventive Medicine School of Public Health National Taiwan University

AIM: To investigate the relationship of iron indices with diabetes mellitus(DM) in those without ***: This cross-sectional study examined data collected during the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES III). Only those who fasted properly and were not anemic with transferrin saturation cluded(n = 6849). Insulin sensitivity and beta cell function were calculated from fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. Indices of iron metabolism were examined in the presence or absence of DM. We examined the relationship of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function with serum ferritin concentration. The influence of c-reactive protein and liver enzymes was also ***: Serum ferritin concentration was significantly higher in diabetic subjects(P = 0.0001 toce remained significant after adjustment for age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and mineral/iron supplement(P = 0.03 toconcentration was negatively associated with insulin sensitivity(P = 0.05 to 0.00001), but not with beta cell function. The alanine aminotransferase was correlated with serum ferritin concentration(P = 0.02 tociated insulin ***: As most of diabetes is type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance is a cardinal feature of type 2diabetes, disordered iron metabolism could play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2diabetes through its effect on liver function.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Insulin sensitivity Beta cell function Ferritin Liver

Improving smart contract search by semantic and structural clustering for source codes

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2023年第2期4卷 1-11页

作者： Alkhansaa A.Abuhashim chiu c.Tan computer and Information Science Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19122USA Information Systems Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud UniversityRiyadh 11564Saudi Arabia

The search for smart contract source codes has drawn research attention to fulfill developers’and researchers’***,the existing studies are not mature enough to address smart contracts’technical properties and *** paper proposes a system to improve the naive search for smart contract codes;for example,Etherscan has one keyword search feature without regard to the contract *** consider clustering smart contracts based on developers’preferences,which increases the probability that the resulting source codes match developers’*** experimental results show a significant improvement in the complexity of the retrieved source codes of smart contracts compared with the baseline scenario using blockchain search engines(e.g.,Etherscan).Our solution reduces the number of retrieved smart contract codes the developer has to check if the codes match her/his needs by 94%,88%,82%,or 98%,depending on the user’s search preferences.

关键词： Smart contract Blockchain Features Semantic clustering

VORI:A framework for testing voice user interface interactability

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High-confidence computing 2022年第3期2卷 16-23页

作者： Abrar S.Alrumayh chiu c.Tan Department of computer and Information Sciences Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaUSA

The ability of Voice User Interface(VUI)to understand how users will express their commands naturally and intuitively is an essential component of user experience,especially when the user is interacting with the VUI for the first *** an automated method for testing the usability of VUI is a challenge for two ***,there are many different ways for a user to express the same intention,e.g.“play some music”,“put some music on”,etc.,that is difficult to determine in ***,many VUI apps today typically rely on the platform service provider(***,Google,etc.)to perform many of the speech recognition and natural language processing tasks,and these services are provided as a ***,it is difficult for the app developer to obtain information about errors and user *** this paper,we propose a framework,VORI,to systematically evaluate the interactability of VUI,as well as a new metric for quantifying the interactability of a *** use VORI to analyze 127 applications on Alexa by sending over 82,931 *** analysis results highlight that 41.7%of apps only accept strict input that has to exactly match the developer’s predefined sample commands with an interactability score of 20%or *** suggests developers should consider a better interactability strategy in the design of VUIs,and more research is needed to further explore the design space to improve the interactability.

关键词： Voice user interface Smart speaker Usability Home voice assistant

Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins as an exogenously applied natural solution for prevention of postharvest fungal infections

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2024年第3期9卷 481-493页

作者： Tiffany chiu Yanran Li Graduate Program in Genetics Genomicsand Bioinformatics1140 Batchelor HallUniversity of California RiversideCalifornia92521USA Program of chemical Engineering Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCA92521USA

Polygalacturonase inhibiting proteins(PGIPs)are plant proteins involved in the inhibition of polygalacturonases(PGs),cell-wall degrading enzymes often secreted by phytopathogenic ***,we confirmed that PGIP2 from Phaseolus vulgaris(PvPGIP2)can inhibit the growth of Aspergillus niger and Botrytis cinerea on agar *** this study,we further validated the feasibility of using PGIP as an environmental and ecological friendly agent to prevent fungal infection *** found that application of either purified PGIP(full length PvPGIP2 or truncated tPvPGIP2_5-8),or PGIP-secreting Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains can effectively inhibit fungal growth and necrotic lesions on tobacco *** also examined the effective amount and thermostability of PGIP when applied on plants.A concentration of 0.75 mg/mL or higher can significantly reduce the area of *** *** activity of full-length PvPGIPs is not affected after incubation at various temperatures ranging from􀀀20 to 42◦c for 24 h,while truncated tPvPGIP2_5-8 lost some efficacy after incubation at 42◦***,we have also examined the efficacy of PGIP on tomato *** the purified PvPGIP2 proteins were applied to tomato fruit inoculated with *** at a concentration of roughly 1.0 mg/mL,disease inci-dence and area of disease had reduced by more than half compared to the controls without PGIP *** study explores the potential of PGIPs as exogenously applied,eco-friendly fungal control agents on fruit and vegetables post-harvest.

关键词： PGIP Antifungal agent Pest control Postharvest treatment

Effects of sun compass error on spatial search by clark’s nutcrackers

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 172-181页

作者： Debbie M.KELLY ken cHENG Russell BALDA Alan c.KAMIL Department of Psychology University of ManitobaWinnipegCanada Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffUSA Department of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnUSA

Animals employ compasses during navigation,but little attention has been paid to how accuracy is maintained in the face of compass error,which is inevitable in biological *** use of multiple landmarks may minimize the effect of compass *** allowed clark’s nutcrackers to cache seeds in an outdoor aviary with either one or four landmarks present,and subsequently subjected them to small clock-shifts mimicking the effects of compass *** predicted,the results showed a significant decrease in search accuracy following the clock-shift when one landmark was present but not when four landmarks were *** results support that nutcrackers encode information from the sun as well as terrestrial landmarks,and these spatial cues are used in a flexible ***,our results are important as they support the hypothesis that multiple landmarks may be used during situations where the sun compass has even a small amount of error.

关键词： clark’s nutcracker clock-shift error landmarks sun compass

Liposomes as sterile preparations and limitations of sterilisation techniques in liposomal manufacturing

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2013年第2期8卷 88-95页

作者： Ming-Ren Toh Gigi N.c.chiu Department of Pharmacy Faculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingapore

Liposomes have been widely researched as a delivery system and there have been many manufacturing techniques used in the production of liposomal preparations,the most common being extrusion method which will be introduced in this *** because of the unique properties of liposomes and their susceptibility to chemical and physical degradation,sterilisation remains an unresolved issue in the manufacturing of liposomebased *** is especially pertinent in the pharmaceutical industry where liposomes are commonly prepared for intravenous ***,filtration and aseptic manufacturing are recommended for the preparation of sterile liposomal *** aseptic manufacturing techniques such as dense gas techniques have been devised to eliminate the need for terminal *** paper will highlight the limitations of the conventional techniques that are specific to the liposome preparation under the respective sterilisation conditions specified by the 2011 British Pharmacopoeia to achieve 106 Sterility Assurance Level,as well as modifications incorporated in the newer sterilisation technologies to overcome these *** paper will introduce these techniques in brief,including their advantages and limitations.

关键词： Liposomes Sterilisation Manufacturing

Three New cucurbitacins from Hemsleya lijiangensis

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chinese chemical Letters 2003年第4期14卷 389-392页

作者： Ming Hua chiu Juan GAO State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West china Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650204

Three new cucurbitacins were isolated from the BuOH extract of the rhizomes of Hemsleya lijiangensis. Their structures were elucidated as 23, 24 -dihydro cucurbitacin F-16, 25-diacetate(1), 23, 24-dihydro cucurbitacin F-16, 25-diacetate-2-O-β-D glucopyranoside (2), 23, 24-dihydro-cucurbitacin F-16-acetate(3), respectively; by spectral analyses.

关键词： Hemsleya lijiangensis cucurbitaceae Hemslecins D, E, F.

An unsupervised learning approach to study synchroneity of past events in the South china Sea

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2019年第3期13卷 628-640页

作者： Kevin c. Tse Hon-chim chiu Man-Yin Tsang Yiliang Li Edmund Y. Lam Department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina Department of Geography and centre for Geo-computation Studies Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong KongChina Department of Earth Sciences University of TorontoCanada Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina

Unsupervised machine learning methods were applied on multivariate geophysical and geochemical datasets of ocean floor sediment cores collected from the South china Sea. The well-preserved and continuous core samples comprising high resolution cenozoic sediment records enable scientists to carry out paleoenvironment studies in detail. Bayesian age-depth chronological models constructed from biostratigraphic control points for the drilling sites are applied on cluster boundaries generated from two popular unsupervised learning methods: K-means and random forest. The unsupervised learning methods experimented have produced compact and unambiguous clusters from the datasets, indicating that previously unknown data patterns can be revealed when all variables from the datasets are taken into account simultaneously. A study of synchroneity of past events represented by the cluster boundaries across geographically separated ocean drilling sites is achieved through converting the fixed depths of cluster boundaries into chronological ranges represented by Gaussian density plots which are then compared with known past events in the region. A Gaussian density peak at around 7.2 Ma has been identified from results of all three sites and it is suggested to coincide with the initiation of the East Asian monsoon. contrary to traditional statistical approach, a priori assumptions are not required for unsupervised learning, and the clustering results serve as a novel data-driven proxy for studying the complex and dynamic processes of the paleoenvironment surrounding the ocean sediment. This work serves as a pioneering approach to extract valuable information of regional events and opens up a systematic and objective way to study the vast global ocean sediment datasets.

关键词： machine learning ocean sediments unsupervised classification