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A novel non-invasive model to predict high-risk varices in cirrhotic patients

Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第3期13卷 530-532页

作者： kelvin k.c.ng Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong Kong Medical CentreHong KongChina

Acute variceal bleeding is one of the most common and potentially life-threatening complications in patients with liver *** is conventionally diagnosed by oesophagogastroduodenoscopy,which is invasive to patients and carries hospital *** would be more cost-effective if non-invasive tests could screen out high-risk patients who developed acute variceal bleeding requiring endoscopic *** can potentially reduce the need for invasive procedures for cirrhotic *** recent years,there have been advancements in non-invasive methods for assessing the risk of variceal *** include transient elastography(FibroScan)of the liver and spleen,platelet count,imaging modalities[ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)],and non-invasive liver function tests[child-Pugh score or the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD)score].The 2015 Baveno VI consensus is developed by an international panel of experts to improve the diagnosis and management of portal hypertension and its complications,specifically focusing on variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis(1).The consensus emphasizes using noninvasive methods to screen out high-risk varices(HRV)requiring therapeutic *** key features of the Baveno VI criteria include a liver stiffness measurement(LSM)kPa and a platelet count>150,000/*** can confidently rule out *** has been proven to avoid unnecessary endoscopy up to 40%with a specificity of up to 46%(2).In recent years,spleen stiffness measurement(SSM)has been a useful tool to assess portal hypertension and to predict ***,the revised Baveno VII consensus in 2022 recommends SSM≤40 kPa would avoid more unnecessary endoscopy in patients who fall outside Baveno VI criteria,with a missed HRV rate of<5%(3).

关键词： Non-invasive model high-risk varices cirrhosis

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Aberrant cholesterol metabolic signaling impairs antitumor immunosurveillance through natural killer T cell dysfunction in obese liver

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第7期19卷 834-847页

作者： Wenshu Tang Jingying Zhou Weiqin Yang Yu Feng Haoran Wu Myth T.S.Mok Lingyun Zhang Zhixian Liang Xiaoyu Liu Zhewen Xiong Xuezhen Zeng Jing Wang Jiahuan Lu Jingqing Li Hanyong Sun Xiaoyu Tian Philip chun Yeung Yong Hou Heung Man Lee candice c.H.Lam Howard H.W.Leung Anthony W.H.chan ka Fai To John Wong Paul B.S.Lai kelvin k.c.ng Simon k.H.Wong Vincent W.S.Wong Alice P.S.kong Joseph J.Y.Sung Alfred S.L.cheng school of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR 999077China Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR 999077China Department of Liver Surgery Ren Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200127China Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR 999077China Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong.Hong Kong SAR 999077China State key Laboratory of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR 999077China Lee kong chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Institute of Precision Medicine The First Affliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China

Obesity is a major risk factor for cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc)that develops from a background of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Hypercholesterolemia is a common comorbidity of *** cholesterol biosynthesis mainly occurs in the liver,its role in Hcc development of obese people remains *** high-fat high-carbohydrate diet-associated orthotopic and spontaneous NAFLD-Hcc mouse models,we found that hepatic cholesterol accumulation in obesity selectively suppressed natural killer T(NkT)cell-mediated antitumor *** analysis of human liver revealed aberrant cholesterol metabolism and NkT cell dysfunction in NAFLD ***,cholesterol-lowering rosuvastatin restored NkT expansion and cytotoxicity to prevent obesogenic diet-promoted Hcc ***,suppression of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis by a mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)inhibitor vistusertib preceded tumor regression,which was abolished by NkT inactivation but not cD8^(+)T cell ***,sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2(SREBP2)-driven excessive cholesterol production from hepatocytes induced lipid peroxide accumulation and deficient cytotoxicity in NkT cells,which were supported by findings in people with obesity,NAFLD and *** study highlights mTORc1/SREBP2/cholesterol-mediated NkT dysfunction in the tumor-promoting NAFLD liver microenvironment,providing intervention strategies that invigorating NkT cells to control Hcc in the obesity epidemic.

关键词： cancer microenvironment cancer models Tumour immunology

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Stability and Generalization of Hypergraph collaborative Networks

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第1期21卷 184-196页

作者： Michael k.ng Hanrui Wu Andy Yip Institute of Data Science The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Mathematics The University of Hong KongHong KongChina college of Information Science and Technology Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

Graph neural networks have been shown to be very effective in utilizing pairwise relationships across ***,there have been several successful proposals to generalize graph neural networks to hypergraph neural networks to exploit more com-plex *** particular,the hypergraph collaborative networks yield superior results compared to other hypergraph neural net-works for various semi-supervised learning *** collaborative network can provide high quality vertex embeddings and hyperedge embeddings together by formulating them as a joint optimization problem and by using their consistency in reconstructing the given *** this paper,we aim to establish the algorithmic stability of the core layer of the collaborative network and provide generaliz--ation *** analysis sheds light on the design of hypergraph filters in collaborative networks,for instance,how the data and hypergraph filters should be scaled to achieve uniform stability of the learning *** experimental results on real-world datasets are presented to illustrate the theory.

关键词： Hypergraphs vertices hyperedges collaborative networks graph convolutional neural networks(cNNs) stability generalization guarantees

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Elevated brain temperature under severe heat exposure impairs cortical motor activity and executive function

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： Xiang Ren Tan Mary c.Stephenson Sharifah Badriyah Alhadad kelvin W.Z.Loh Tuck Wah Soong Jason k.W.Lee Ivan c.c.Low Health and Social Sciences Singapore Institute of TechnologySingapore 138683Singapore Human Potential Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117593Singapore Heat Resilience and Performance centre Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117510Singapore N.1 Institute for Health National University of SingaporeSingapore 117456Singapore campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(cREATE) Singapore 138602Singapore

Background:Excessive heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia in humans,which impairs physical performance and disrupts cognitive *** heat is a known physiological stressor,it is unclear how severe heat stress affects brain physiology and ***:Eleven healthy participants were subjected to heat stress from prolonged exercise or warm water immersion until their rectal temperatures(T_(re))attained 39.5℃,inducing exertional or passive hyperthermia,*** a separate trial,blended ice was ingested before and during exercise as a cooling *** were compared to a control condition with seated rest(normothermic).Brain temperature(T_(br)),cerebral perfusion,and task-based brain activity were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging ***:T_(br)in motor cortex was found to be tightly regulated at rest(37.3℃±0.4℃(mean±SD))despite fluctuations in T_(re).With the development of hyperthermia,T_(br)increases and dovetails with the rising T_(re).Bilateral motor cortical activity was suppressed during high-intensity plantarflexion tasks,implying a reduced central motor drive in hyperthermic participants(T_(re)=38.5℃±0.1℃).Global gray matter perfusion and regional perfusion in sensorimotor cortex were reduced with passive *** function was poorer under a passive hyperthermic state,and this could relate to compromised visual processing as indicated by the reduced activation of left lateral-occipital ***,ingestion of blended ice before and during exercise alleviated the rise in both T_(re)and T_(bc)and mitigated heat-related neural ***:Severe heat exposure elevates T_(br),disrupts motor cortical activity and executive function,and this can lead to impairment of physical and cognitive performance.

关键词： Brain functional activity cognition Heat stress Hyperthermia Motor function

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Single-pilot operations in commercial flight:Effects on neural activity and visual behaviour under abnormalities and emergencies

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chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第8期37卷 277-292页

作者： Qinbiao LI chun-Hsien cHEN kam k.H.ng Xin YUAN cho Yin YIU Human Factors and Ergonomics Laboratory Department of Aeronautical and Aviation EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Special Administrative Region 100872China School of Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

With cutting-edge technologies and considering airline human-resource-saving,a single pilot in commercial jets could be technically *** changes in captains’natural behaviours are initially required to comprehend the specific safe human performance envelope for safeguarding single-pilot flight,particularly in high-risk *** paper investigates how captains’performance transforms for fixing emergencies when operating from Dual-Pilot Operations(DPO)to Single-Pilot Operations(SPO)through a physiological-based *** pilots flew an emergency-included flight with/without first officers’*** neural activities and scanning behaviours were recorded using a 32-channel Electroencephalogram(EEG)and glasses-based eye tracker,with the observation and post-experiment questionnaires to evaluate the flight operations and pilots’*** alone,there was a significantly increased cortical activity in h and b waves over the frontal,parietal,and temporal lobes during the more complicated emergencies,and pilots focused less on the primary flight display while spending significantly more time scanning the other *** physiological fluctuating patterns associated with risky operations in SPO were highlighted by cross-correlating multimodal *** experimental-based noteworthy insights may wish to inform commercial SPO measures to lessen the persistent physiological fluctuation,assisting airlines in creating SPO-oriented intelligent flight systems to give captains adequate support for assuring safer air transportation.

关键词： Aviation engineering Single pilot operations Behaviour changes Eye tracker Electroencephalogram

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Jetting-based bioprinting:process,dispense physics,and applications

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第5期7卷 771-799页

作者： Wei Long ng Viktor Shkolnikov Singapore centre for 3D Printing(Sc3DP) School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University(NTU)Singapore 639798Singapore HP Inc. Palo AltoCA 94304USA

Jetting-based bioprinting facilitates contactless drop-on-demand deposition of subnanoliter droplets at well-defined positions to control the spatial arrangement of cells,growth factors,drugs,and biomaterials in a highly automated layer-by-layer fabrication *** to its immense versatility,jetting-based bioprinting has been used for various applications,including tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,wound healing,and drug development.A lack of in-depth understanding exists in the processes that occur during jetting-based *** review paper will comprehensively discuss the physical considerations for bioinks and printing conditions used in jetting-based *** first present an overview of different jetting-based bioprinting techniques such as inkjet bioprinting,laser-induced forward transfer bioprinting,electrohydrodynamic jet bioprinting,acoustic bioprinting and microvalve ***,we provide an in-depth discussion of various considerations for bioink formulation relating to cell deposition,print chamber design,droplet formation and droplet ***,we highlight recent accomplishments in jetting-based *** present the advantages and challenges of each method,discuss considerations relating to cell viability and protein stability,and conclude by providing insights into future directions of jetting-based bioprinting.

关键词： 3D bioprinting Biofabrication Jetting-based Dispense physics Machine learning

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Dysfunction of synaptic endocytic trafficking in Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2649-2660页

作者： Xin Yi ng Mian cao Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore Department of Physiology National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore

Parkinson's disease is characterized by the selective degeneration of dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway and dopamine deficiency in the *** precise reasons behind the specific degeneration of these dopamine neurons remain largely *** investigations have identified over 20 causative PARk genes and 90 genomic risk loci associated with both familial and sporadic Parkinson's ***,several of these genes are linked to the synaptic vesicle recycling process,particularly the clathrinmediated endocytosis *** suggests that impaired synaptic vesicle recycling might represent an early feature of Parkinson's disease,followed by axonal degeneration and the eventual loss of dopamine cell bodies in the midbrain via a"dying back"***,several new animal and cellular models with Parkinson's disease-linked mutations affecting the endocytic pathway have been created and extensively *** models faithfully recapitulate certain Parkinson's disease-like features at the animal,circuit,and cellular levels,and exhibit defects in synaptic membrane trafficking,further supporting the findings from human genetics and clinical *** this review,we will first summarize the cellular and molecular findings from the models of two Parkinson's disease-linked clathrin uncoating proteins:auxilin(DNAJc6/PARk19)and synaptojanin 1(SYNJ1/PARk20).The mouse models carrying these two PARk gene mutations phenocopy each other with specific dopamine terminal pathology and display a potent synergistic ***,we will delve into the involvement of several clathrin-mediated endocytosis-related proteins(GAk,endophilin A1,SAc2/INPP5 F,synaptotagmin-11),identified as Parkinson's disease risk factors through genome-wide association studies,in Parkinson's disease *** will also explore the direct or indirect roles of some common Parkinson's disease-linked proteins(alpha-synuclein(PARk1/4),Parkin(PARk2),and LRRk2(PARk

关键词： autophagy auxilin/PARk19 clathrin-mediated endocytosis dopamine neurons neurodegeneration nigrostriatal pathway Parkinson's disease synaptic vesicle recycling synaptojanin1/PARk20

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Temporally consistent video colorization with deep feature propagation and self-regularization learning

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computational Visual Media 2024年第2期10卷 375-395页

作者： Yihao Liu Hengyuan Zhao kelvin ckchan Xintao Wang chen change Loy Yu Qiao chao Dong Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Electrical&computer Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798 Applied Research center Tencent PCGShenzhenChina

Video colorization is a challenging and highly ill-posed *** recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in single image colorization,there is relatively less research effort on video colorization,and existing methods always suffer from severe flickering artifacts(temporal inconsistency)or unsatisfactory *** address this problem from a new perspective,by jointly considering colorization and temporal consistency in a unified ***,we propose a novel temporally consistent video colorization(TcVc)*** effectively propagates frame-level deep features in a bidirectional way to enhance the temporal consistency of ***,TcVc introduces a self-regularization learning(SRL)scheme to minimize the differences in predictions obtained using different time *** does not require any ground-truth color videos for training and can further improve temporal *** demonstrate that our method can not only provide visually pleasing colorized video,but also with clearly better temporal consistency than state-of-the-art methods.A video demo is provided at https://***/watch?v=c7dczMs-olE,while code is available at https://***/lyh-18/TcVc-Tem porally-consistent-Video-colorization.

关键词： video colorization temporal consistency feature propagation self-regularization

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Perspectives in human brain plasticity sparked by glioma invasion:from intraoperative(re)mappings to neural reconfigurations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 947-948页

作者： Sam ng Hugues Duffau Guillaume Herbet Department of Neurosurgery Gui de Chauliac HospitalMontpellier University Medical CenterMontpellierFrance Institute of Functional Genomics University of MontpellierCNRSINSERMMontpellierFrance Praxiling Laboratory UMR5267CNRSPaul Valéry-Montpellier 3 UniversityMontpellierFrance

Exploring the aptitude of the human brain to compensate functional consequences of a lesion damaging its structural architecture is a key challenge to improve patient care in various neurological diseases,to optimize neuroscientifically-informed strategies of postlesional rehabilitation,and ultimately to develop innovative neuro-regenerative *** term‘plasticity’,initially referring to the intrinsic propensity of neurons to modulate their synaptic transmission in a learning situation,was progressively transposed to brain injury research and clinical ***,in the event of brain damage,adaptive mechanisms of compensation allow a partial reshaping of the structure and activities of the central nervous system,thus permitting to some extent the maintenance of brain functions.

关键词： plasticity figuration consequences

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Three-dimensional numerical analysis of plant-soil hydraulic interactions on pore water pressure of vegetated slope under different rainfall patterns

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第9期16卷 3696-3706页

作者： Haowen Guo charles Wang Wai ng Qi Zhang Department of civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

Understanding the pore water pressure distribution in unsaturated soil is crucial in predicting shallow landslides triggered by rainfall,mainly when dealing with different temporal patterns of rainfall ***,the hydrological response of vegetated slopes,especially three-dimensional(3D)slopes covered with shrubs,under different rainfall patterns remains unclear and requires further *** address this issue,this study adopts a novel 3D numerical model for simulating hydraulic interactions between the root system of the shrub and the surrounding *** series of numerical parametric studies are conducted to investigate the influences of slope inclination,rainfall pattern and rainfall *** rainfall patterns(advanced,bimodal,delayed,and uniform)and two rainfall durations(4-h intense and 168-h mild rainfall)are considered to study the hydrological response of the *** computed results show that 17%higher transpiration-induced suction is found for a steeper slope,which remains even after a short,intense rainfall with a 100-year return *** extreme rainfalls with advanced(PA),bimodal(PB)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns need to be considered for the short rainfall duration(4 h),while the delayed(PD)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns are highly recommended for long rainfall durations(168 h).The presence of plants can improve slope stability markedly under extreme rainfall with a short duration(4 h).For the long duration(168 h),the benefit of the plant in preserving pore-water pressure(PWP)and slope stability may not be sufficient.

关键词： Root-soil interactions Rainfall patterns Slope stability Three-dimensional(3D)

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