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Children and Workers Well-Being in Belgian French-Speaking Primary Schools during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Health 2023年第6期15卷 676-694页

作者： kelly cremer Julie Frère Olga Chatzis Benoît Kabamba Florence Renard Mathilde De Keukeleire Ricardo De Mendonca Dimitri Van der Linden Annie Robert Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique Faculty of Public Health UCLouvain Brussels Belgium Department of Pediatric Pediatric Infectious Diseases CHU Liège Liège Belgium Department of Pediatric Pediatric Infectious Diseases Specialized Pediatric Service Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc Brussels Belgium Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique UCLouvain Brussels Belgium Department of Microbiology Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc Brussels Belgium Office de la Naissance et de l’Enfance Brussels Belgium Department of Pathology Erasme University Hospital Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) H&#244pital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB) CUB H&#244pital Erasme Brussels Belgium

Purpose: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant number of measures were taken worldwide to limit the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and in many ways, changed human life. All these measures had harmful consequences and impacted the well-being of many people. Children were one of the most vulnerable groups. We conducted the present study to assess children’s and staff’s well-being in French-speaking primary schools in Belgium during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A 37-question questionnaire for each child based on the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), and a 14-question questionnaire for each staff based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale was undertaken in order to assess the well-being. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to assess the relationship between RCMAS or HAD and other explanatory variables. Staff reported their perception of their current life and their future life in 5 years on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: A total of 231 children and 221 staff in 11 primary schools answered the well-being questionnaire between January and May 2021. 53% (122/231) of children had symptoms of anxiety. Girls reported more anxiety symptoms than boys (≥10: 59%;Adj OR = 2.25;95% CI [1.28;4.03]). 52% (120/231) of children had a definite state of social desirability. According to age, the youngest (6 - 7 years) children were more likely to have social desirability (≥5: 71%;Adj OR = 3.44;95% CI [1.53;8.09]) compared to the oldest (10 - 12 years). Children who did not practice outdoor/street activities were more likely to have social desirability (≥5: 60%;Adj OR = 2.59;95% CI [1.38;4.99]). In schools with a higher local incidence of SARS-CoV-2, children were more likely to have social desirability (≥5: 64%;Adj OR = 2.15;95% CI [1.13;4.17]). In schools with a lower socioeconomic status, children were more likely to have social desirability (≥5: 72%;Adj OR = 2.74;95% CI [1.23;6.37]). Higher RCMAS anxiety (r = −0.18;p −0.23;p −0.20

关键词： COVID-19 Well-Being Children Schools

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SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seroprevalence in Children and Workers from Belgian French-Speaking Primary Schools

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Health 2023年第9期15卷 917-937页

作者： kelly cremer Julie Frère Olga Chatzis Ricardo De Mendonca Benoît Kabamba Florence Renard Mathilde De Keukeleire Dimitri Van der Linden Annie Robert Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Faculty of Public Health Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium Pediatric Infectious Diseases Pediatric Department CHU Liège Liège Belgium Pediatric Infectious Diseases Specialized Pediatric Service Pediatric Department Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc Brussels Belgium Department of Pathology Erasme University Hospital Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) H&#244pital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB) CUB H&#244pital Erasme Brussels Belgium Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique Université Catholique de Louvain Brussels Belgium Department of Microbiology Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc Brussels Belgium Office de la Naissance et de L’enfance Brussels Belgium

Purpose: During the COVID-19 pandemic, closing schools was discussed to limit the virus transmission, despite a lack of evidence on the role of young children in the virus spread. We undertook a study among Belgian primary schools to assess the SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence and its relationship with local incidence, school size, and socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: Schools were purposively selected using three criteria: an area with either a low or a high COVID-19 incidence, either a small or a large size, and either a low or a high SES. 932 (/2488, 38%) children and 242 (/444, 55%) staff signed informed consent. COVID-19 antibodies were tested using rapid finger prick tests. Results: Children participation was positively correlated with staff (r = +0.33;95% CI [−0.34;0.78]), and strongly with SES (r = +0.81;95% CI [0.40;0.95]). Seroprevalence was 21% in children (191/922) and 25% in staff (61/240). Seroprevalence did not correlate with local cumulative incidence (children: r = +0.06;95% CI [−0.59;0.67];staff: r = +0.26;95% CI [−0.40;0.74]). In staff, seroprevalence was higher in schools with higher SES (r = +0.37;95% CI [−0.29;0.79]), but not in children (r = −0.10;95% CI [−0.66;0.53]). Conclusion:The lower seroprevalence in children suggests they are lower transmitters than adults, but poor socioeconomic levels were less representative.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Children Schools Seroprevalence Socioeconomic Status Belgium

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Perspectives on Future Power System Control Centers for Energy Transition

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第2期10卷 328-344页

作者： Antoine Marot Adrian kelly Matija Naglic Vincent Barbesant Jochen cremer Alexandru Stefanov Jan Viebahn Reseau de Transport d'Electricite ParisFrance Electric Power Research Institute DublinIreland TenneT Amhemthe Netherlands TU Delft Delftthe Netherlands

Today's power systems are seeing a paradigm shift under the energy transition,sparkled by the electrification of demand,digitalisation of systems,and an increasing share of decarbonated power *** of these changes have a direct impact on their control centers,forcing them to handle weather-based energy resources,new interconnections with neighbouring transmission networks,more markets,active distribution networks,micro-grids,and greater amounts of available ***,these changes have translated during the past decade to small,incremental changes,mostly centered on hardware,software,and human *** assert that more transformative changes are needed,especially regarding human-centered design approaches,to enable control room operators to manage the future power *** paper discusses the evolution of operators towards continuous operation planners,monitoring complex time horizons thanks to adequate real-time *** upcoming challenges as well as emerging technologies for power systems,we present our vision of a new evolutionary architecture for control centers,both at backend and frontend *** propose a unified hypervision scheme based on structured decision-making concepts,providing operators with proactive,collaborative,and effective decision support.

关键词： Artificial intelligence cyber-phvsical system decision-making digital architecture digital twin energy transition hypervision.

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