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Recent Near-surface Temperature Trends in the Antarctic Peninsula from Observed,Reanalysis and Regional Climate Model Data

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第5期37卷 477-493页

作者： Deniz bOZKURT David HbROMWICH Jorge CARRASCO keith MHINES Juan Carlos MAUREIRA and Roberto RONDANELLI Department of Meteorology University of ValparaísoValparaíso 2340000Chile Center for Climate and Resilience Research(CR)2 Santiago 8320000Chile Polar Meteorology Group Byrd Polar and Climate Research CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Centro de Investigacion GAIA Antártica Universidad de MagallanesPunta Arenas 6200000Chile Center for Mathematical Modeling(CMM) University of ChileSantiago 8320000Chile Department of Geophysics University of ChileSantiago 8320000Chile

This study investigates the recent near-surface temperature trends over the Antarctic *** make use of available surface observations,ECMWF’s ERA5 and its predecessor ERA-Interim,as well as numerical simulations,allowing us to contrast different data *** use hindcast simulations performed with Polar-WRF over the Antarctic Peninsula on a nested domain configuration at 45 km(PWRF-45)and 15 km(PWRF-15)spatial resolutions for the period 1991?*** addition,we include hindcast simulations of KNMI-RACMO21P obtained from the CORDEX-Antarctica domain(~50 km)for further *** show that there is a marked windward warming trend except during *** windward warming trend is particularly notable in the autumn season and likely to be associated with the recent deepening of the Amundsen/bellingshausen Sea low and warm advection towards the Antarctic *** the other hand,an overall summer cooling is characterized by the strengthening of the Weddell Sea low as well as an anticyclonic trend over the Amundsen Sea accompanied by northward *** persistent cooling trend observed at the Larsen Ice Shelf station is not captured by ERA-Interim,whereas hindcast simulations indicate that there is a clear pattern of windward warming and leeward ***,larger temporal correlations and lower differences exhibited by PWRF-15 illustrate the existence of the added value in the higher spatial resolution simulation.

关键词： dynamical downscaling cloud computing added value reanalysis Amundsen/bellingshausen Sea Weddell Sea temperature trend

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Carbon Accumulation in a Humid Temperate Prairie Pasture Following Abandonment and Afforestation

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 2010年第5期4卷 1-9页

作者： J. D. White b. R. moore Department of biology Baylor University Waco TX 76798 USA

Carbon budget changes were measured on a farm near Robinson, Texas, where land originally tilled for hay production was abandoned over time periods of 10, 20, and 35 years followed by succession of prairie and forest vegetation. Woody biomass accumulation increased following abandonment from 0.14 kg C m2 yr~ during forest initiation to 0.57 kg C m2 yr-1 of the mature forest Soil carbon was highest in the tilled field （ 15.77 kg C m2） with lowest in the grassland （ 11.66 kg C m-2）. Soil nitrogen was highest in the tilled field （0.55 kg N ms） and lowest in the forest transition （0.38 kg N m2）. Soil C：N ratios were highest in the forest transition （C：N=36） and lowest in the grassland （C：N=22）. Soil respiration was constant across the site with an annual average value of 1.46 kg CO2-C m-2 yr-. Results show that land in this region may be a source of carbon for several decades following abandonment due to enhanced soil carbon emissions as a function of nutrient input shifts.

关键词： Carbon accumulation pasture abandonment afforestation landuse change.

Material transport in dip-pen nanolithography

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Frontiers of physics 2014年第3期9卷 385-397页

作者： keith A. brown Daniel J. Eichelsdoerfer Xing Liao Shu He Chad A. Mirkin Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA

Dip-pen *** （DPN） is a useful method for directly printing materials on surfaces with sub-50nm resolution. because it, involves the physical transport of materials from a scanning probe tip to a surface and the subsequent chemical interaction of that material with the surface, there are many factors to consider when attempting to understand DPN. In this review, we overview the physical and chemical processes that are known to play a role in DPN, Through a detailed review of the literature, we classify inks into three general categories based on their transport properties, and highlight the myriad ways that. DPN can be used to perform chemistry at the tip of a scanning probe.

关键词： dip-pen nanolithography scanning probe lithography materials transport

Phylogenetic patterns suggest frequent multiple origins of secondary metabolites across the seed-plant ‘tree of life’

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National Science Review 2021年第4期8卷 66-77页

作者： Yongzeng Zhang Tao Deng Lu Sun Jacob b.Landis Michael J.moore Hengchang Wang Yuehua Wang Xiaojiang Hao Jijun Chen Shenghong Li Maonian Xu Pema-Tenzin Puno Peter H.Raven Hang Sun CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside School of Integrative Plant Science Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey HortoriumCornell University Department of biology Oberlin College CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Life Science Yunnan University State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Iceland Missouri botanical Garden

To evaluate the phylogenetic patterns of the distribution and evolution of plant secondary metabolites(PSMs), we selected 8 classes of PSMs and mapped them onto an updated phylogenetic tree including 437 families of seed plants. A significant phylogenetic signal was detected in 17 of the 18 tested seed-plant clades for at least 1 of the 8 PSM classes using the D statistic. The phylogenetic signal, nevertheless, indicated weak clustering of PSMs compared to a random distribution across all seed plants. The observed signal suggests strong diversifying selection during seed-plant evolution and/or relatively weak evolutionary constraints on the evolution of PSMs. In the survey of the current phylogenetic distributions of PSMs, we found that multiple origins of PSM biosynthesis due to external selective forces for diverse genetic pathways may have played important roles. In contrast, a single origin of PSMs seems rather uncommon. The distribution patterns for PSMs observed in this study may also be useful in the search for natural compounds for medicinal purposes.

关键词： secondary metabolites phylogenetic tree phylogenetic signal co-diversification evolution bioprospecting seed plants

Molecular mechanisms of viral hepatitis induced hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第38期26卷 5759-5783页

作者： Simmone D'souza keith CK Lau Carla S Coffin Trushar R Patel Department of Microbiology Immunologyand Infectious DiseasesCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4ABCanada Department of Chemistry and biochemistry Alberta RNA Research and Training InstituteUniversity of LethbridgeLethbridge T1K3M4ABCanada

Chronic infection with viral hepatitis affects half a billion individuals worldwide and can lead to cirrhosis,cancer,and liver *** cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality,of which hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)represents 90%of all primary liver *** tumors like HCC are complex and have heterogeneous tumor genomic profiles contributing to complexity in diagnosis and *** infection with hepatitis b virus(HbV),hepatitis delta virus(HDV),and hepatitis C virus(HCV)are the greatest etiological risk factors for *** to the significant role of chronic viral infection in HCC development,it is important to investigate direct(viral associated)and indirect(immune-associated)mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of *** mechanisms used by HbV,HCV,and HDV that drive hepatocarcinogenesis include persistent liver inflammation with an impaired antiviral immune response,immune and viral protein-mediated oxidative stress,and deregulation of cellular signaling pathways by viral *** integration to promote genome instability is a feature of HbV infection,and metabolic reprogramming leading to steatosis is driven by HCV *** current review aims to provide a brief overview of HbV,HCV and HDV molecular biology,and highlight specific viral-associated oncogenic mechanisms and common molecular pathways deregulated in HCC,and current as well as emerging treatments for HCC.

关键词： Chronic viral infection Hallmarks of cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis b virus Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis delta virus co-infection Molecular mechanisms Viral hepatitis

Pathophysiology and treatment of diabetic erectile dysfunction

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2006年第6期8卷 675-684页

作者： Charles R.moore Department of Urology University of Texas Health Science Center and MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas 77030USA

The pathophysiology of diabetes is multifactorial and no single etiology is at the forefront. The proposed mechanisms of erectile dysfunction （ED） in diabetic patients includes elevated advanced glycation end-products （AGEs） and increased levels of oxygen free radicals, impaired nitric oxide （NO） synthesis, increased endothelin b receptor binding sites and ultrastructural changes, upregulated RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway, NO-dependent selective nitrergic nerve degeneration and impaired cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP）-dependent kinase-1 （PKG-1）. The treatment of diabetic ED is multimodal. Treatment of the underlying hyperglycemia and comorbidities is of utmost importance to prevent or halt the progression of the disease. The peripherally acting oral phosphodiesterase type 5 （PDE5） inhibitors are the mainstay of oral medical treatment of ED in diabetics. Vacuum erection devices are an additional treatment as a non-invasive treatment option. Local administration of vasoactive medication via urethral suppository or intracorpora! injection can be effective with minimal side-effects. Patients with irreversible damage of the erectile mechanism are candidates for penile implantation. Future strategies in the evolution of the treatment of ED are aimed at correcting or treating the underlying mechanisms of ED. With an appropriate vector, researchers have been able to transfect diabetic animals with agents such as neurotrophic factors and nitric oxide synthase （NOS）. Further studies in gene therapy are needed to fully ascertain its safety and utility in humans.

关键词： erectile dysfunction diabetes mechanism treatment

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Correlates of subjectively and objectively measured physical activity in young adolescents

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第3期4卷 222-227页

作者： Kelly Kavanaugh Justin b. moore Leisha Johnson Hibbett Andrew T. Kaczynski Office of Practice and Community Engagement University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA Department of Health Promotion Education and Behavior University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA Coastal Community Action Newport NC 28570 USA

background： Many studies examining individual-level correlates in youth utilize self-report rather than objective measures of physical activity （PA）. This utilization of self-report may result in associations that are not present when examining objectively measured PA. The present study investigates the relationship between hypothesized correlates of PA with objectively and subjectively measured PA. Methods： Participating children （n 232, 101 males, mean age - 12.3 years） provided a minimum of four monitored days of PA （via accelerometer） and completed a survey assessing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity （MVPA）, sport competence, appearance, enjoyment, and self-efficacy. Height and weight were measured and body mass index （bMI） was calculated. Results： Hierarchical regression models controlling for sex, race, and bMI Z-score showed that only sex and bMI Z-score were significant correlates of objective MVPA while only sex was a significant correlate of objective total PA. However, in a separate model examining the relationship with subjective MVPA, enjoyment of PA and self-efficacy for PA were the only significant correlates of self-reported PA. Conclusion： Measuring MVPA via self-report versus accelerometry produces considerably different results in a sample of young adolescents. Future studies should use caution when selecting outcome measures if the intent is to identify modifiable correlates of MVPA in youth.

关键词： Accelerometry Enjoyment Self-efficacy Youth

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激光光化学与同位素分离

Spiral attractor created by vector solitons

1988年

作者：（美）C·b.moore 杨福明等译

译自：Chemical and biochemical applications of Lasers. ***.:激光化学是六十年代以来发展起来的新兴边缘学科。本书分两部分：一、激光同位素分离，二、多光子红外激光光化学。

ISBN: (纸本)7502200096

关键词：激光化学激光同位素分离法

来源：汇雅图书（南通市图书馆... 评论

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Light(Science & Applications) 2014年第1期3卷 355-362页

作者： Sergey V Sergeyev Chengbo Mou Elena G Turitsyna Alexey Rozhin Sergei K Turitsyn keith blow Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies Aston UniversityBirmingham B47ETUK

Mode-locked lasers emitting a train of femtosecond pulses called dissipative solitons are an enabling technology for metrology,high-resolution spectroscopy,fibre optic communications,nano-optics and many other fields of science and ***,the vector nature of dissipative solitons has been exploited to demonstrate mode locked lasing with both locked and rapidly evolving states of ***,for an erbium-doped fibre laser mode locked with carbon nanotubes,we demonstrate the first experimental and theoretical evidence of a new class of slowly evolving vector solitons characterized by a double-scroll chaotic polarisation attractor substantially different from Lorenz,Ro¨ssler and Ikeda strange *** underlying physics comprises a long time scale coherent coupling of two polarisation *** observed phenomena,apart from the fundamental interest,provide a base for advances in secure communications,trapping and manipulation of atoms and nanoparticles,control of magnetisation in data storage devices and many other areas.

关键词： chaos mode-locked laser polarisation phenomena vector soliton