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Eastern Asian endemic seed plant genera and their paleogeographic history throughout the Northern Hemisphere

Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第1期47卷 1-42页

作者： Steven R.MANCHESTER kazuhiko UEMURA Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida National Museum of Nature and Science

We review the fossil history of seed plant genera that are now endemic to eastern Asia. Although the majority of eastern Asian endemic genera have no known fossil record at all, 54 genera, or about 9%, are reliably known from the fossil record. Most of these are woody (with two exceptions), and most are today either broadly East Asian, or more specifically confined to Sino-Japanese subcategory rather than being endemic to the Sino-Himalayan area. Of the "eastern Asian endemic" genera so far known from the fossil record, the majority formerly occurred in Europe and/or North America, indicating that eastern Asia served as a late Tertiary or Quaternary refugium for taxa. Hence, many of these genera may have originated in other parts of the Northern Hemisphere and expanded their ranges across continents and former sea barriers when tectonic and climatic conditions al- lowed, leading to their arrival in eastern Asia. Although clear evidence for paleoendemism is provided by the gymnosperms Amentotaxus, Cathaya, Cephalotaxus, Cunninghamia, Cryptomeria, Glyptostrobus, Ginkgo, Ketel-eeria, Metasequoia, Nothotsuga, Pseudolarix, Sciadopitys, and Taiwania, and the angiosperms Cercidiphyllum, Choerospondias, Corylopsis, Craigia, Cyclocarya, Davidia, Dipelta, Decaisnea, Diplopanax, Dipteronia, Em-menopterys, Eucommia, Euscaphis, Hemiptelea, Hovenia, Koelreuteria, Paulownia, Phellodendron, Platycarya, Pteroceltis, Rehderodendron, Sargentodoxa, Schizophragma, Sinomenium, Tapiscia, Tetracentron, Toricellia, Trapella, and Trochodendron, we cannot rule out the possibility that neoendemism plays an important role especially for herbaceous taxa in the present-day flora of Asia, particularly in the Sino-Himalayan region. In addition to reviewing paleobotanical occurrences from the literature, we document newly recognized fossil occurrences that expand the geographic and stratigraphic ranges previously known for Dipelta, Pteroceltis, and Toricellia.

关键词： Cretaceous eastern Asia endemic paleobotany phytogeography Tertiary

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Mountain tunnel under earthquake force:A review of possible causes of damages and restoration methods

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第2期12卷 414-426页

作者： Xuepeng Zhang Yujing Jiang kazuhiko Maegawa State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China School of Engineering Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki8528521Japan Nippon Expressway Research Institute Company Limited Tokyo194-8508Japan

Accurate seismic assessment and proper aseismic design of underground structures require a comprehensive understanding of seismic performance and response of underground structures under earthquake *** order to understand the seismic behavior of tunnels during an earthquake,a wide collection of case histories has been reviewed from the available literature with respect to damage classification,to discuss the possible causes of damage,such as earthquake parameters,structural form and geological *** addition,a case of Tawarayama tunnel subjected to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake is *** on the possible influence factors aims at improving the performancebased aseismic design of ***,restoration design criterion and methods are presented taking Tawarayama tunnel as an example.

关键词： Mountain tunnel Seismic damage Influence factor Restoration method

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Light is an Important Limiting Factor for the Vertical Distribution of the Largest Extant Benthic Foraminifer Cycloclypeus carpenteri

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第6期33卷 1460-1468页

作者： kazuhiko Fujita Yoji Kanda Takashi Hosono Department of Physics and Earth Sciences University of the RyukyusOkinawa903-0213Japan Tropical Biosphere Research Center University of the RyukyusOkinawa903-0213Japan Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology(JAMSTEC) Global Oceanographic Data Center(GODAC)Kanagawa236-0001Japan

Cycloclypeus carpenteri is the largest extant benthic foraminifer,dwelling in the deep euphotic zone(a water depth between 60 and 130 m)of the warm oligotrophic Indo-West *** foraminifer harbors diatom endosymbionts and the foraminifer-microalgal association acts like a *** verify that light is an important limiting factor controlling the vertical(depth)distribution of living Cycloclypeus holobionts,their physiological responses to light intensity were examined by short-term metabolic measurements and long-term *** oxygen production(OP)rates measured under different light levels using an oxygen microelectrode indicate that Cycloclypeus holobionts are daily net primary producers adapted to low light levels,with slight photoinhibition(reduced net OP rates relative to a light-saturated rate)over 100μmol photons m^(−2)s^(−1).Long-term growth increments of asexually reproduced juveniles incubated for two months at different light levels ranging from 0 to 100μmol photons m^(−2)s^(−1) show that Cycloclypeus holobionts are adapted to a low light level(∼5μmol photons m^(−2)s^(−1)),but can be acclimatized to a certain low light ranges(<50μmol photons m^(−2)s^(−1)).These experimental results confirm that light is an important environmental gradient affecting the vertical distribution of Cycloclypeus holobionts.

关键词： algal symbiosis diatom large benthic foraminifer oxygen production photosynthesis

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Nonlinear Activation Functions in CNN Based on Fluid Dynamics and Its Applications

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第1期118卷 1-14页

作者： kazuhiko Kakuda Tomoyuki Enomoto Shinichiro Miura Department of Mathematical Information Engineering College of Industrial TechnologyNihon UniversityChiba 275-8575Japan Department of Liberal Arts and Basic Sciences College of Industrial TechnologyNihon UniversityChiba

The nonlinear activation functions in the deep CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)based on fluid dynamics are *** propose two types of activation functions by applying the so-called parametric softsign to the negative *** use significantly the well-known TensorFlow as the deep learning *** CNN architecture consists of three convolutional layers with the max-pooling and one fullyconnected softmax *** CNN approaches are applied to three benchmark datasets,namely,MNIST,CIFAR-10,and *** results demonstrate the workability and the validity of the present approach through comparison with other numerical performances.

关键词： Deep learning CNN activation function fluid dynamics MNIST CIFAR-10 CIFAR-100.

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Axonal remodeling in the corticospinal tract after stroke： how does rehabilitative training modulate it？

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第2期12卷 185-192页

作者： Naohiko Okabe kazuhiko Narita Osamu Miyamoto Second Department of Physiology Kawasaki Medical School 577 Matsushima Kurashiki City Okayama Japan

Stroke causes long-term disability, and rehabilitative training is commonly used to improve the consecutive functional recovery. Following brain damage, surviving neurons undergo morphological alterations to reconstruct the remaining neural network. In the motor system, such neural network remodeling is observed as a motor map reorganization. Because of its significant correlation with functional recovery, motor map reorganization has been regarded as a key phenomenon for functional recovery after stroke. Although the mechanism underlying motor map reorganization remains unclear, increasing evidence has shown a critical role for axonal remodeling in the corticospinal tract. In this study, we review previous studies investigating axonal remodeling in the corticospinal tract after stroke and discuss which mechanisms may underlie the stimulatory effect of rehabilitative training. Axonal remodeling in the corticospinal tract can be classified into three types based on the location and the original targets of corticospinal neurons, and it seems that all the surviving corticospinal neurons in both ipsilesional and contralesional hemisphere can participate in axonal remodeling and motor map reorganization. Through axonal remodeling, corticospinal neurons alter their output selectivity from a single to multiple areas to compensate for the lost function. The remodeling of the corticospinal axon is influenced by the extent of tissue destruction and promoted by various therapeutic interventions, including rehabilitative training. Although the precise molecular mechanism underlying rehabilitation-promoted axonal remodeling remains elusive, previous data suggest that rehabilitative training promotes axonal remodeling by upregulating growth-promoting and downregulating growth-inhibiting signals.

关键词： stroke rehabilitative training axonal remodeling corticospinal tract motor map reorganization motor system neurotrophic factor functional compensation neural activity growth promoting signal growth inhibitory signal task-specific training

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A comparison of electromigration failure of metal lines with fracture mechanics

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2012年第3期28卷 774-781页

作者： Hiroyuki Abé Mikio Muraoka kazuhiko Sasagawa Masumi Saka Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Akita UniversityTegatagakuen-machi 1-1Akita 010-8502Japan Department of Intelligent Machines and System Engineering Hirosaki UniversityBunkyo-cho 3Hirosaki 036-8561Japan Department of Nanomechanics Tohoku UniversityAoba 6-6-01AramakiAoba-kuSendai 980-8579Japan

Atoms constructing an interconnecting metal line in a semiconductor device are transported by electron flow in high density. This phenomenon is called electromigration, which may cause the line failure. In order to characterize the electromigration failure, a comparison study is carded out with some typical phenomena treated by fracture mechanics for thin and large structures. An example of thin structures, which have been treated by fracture mechanics, is silica opti- cal fibers for communication systems. The damage growth in a metal line by electromigration is characterized in compar- ison with the crack growth in a silica optical fiber subjected to static fatigue. Also a brief comparison is made between the electromigration failure and some fracture phenomena in large structures.

关键词： Electromigration failure. Interconnecting line Comparison Fracture mechanics

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Radiotherapy for multiple brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinomas

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第33期13卷 4520-4522页

作者： Nobuyuki Toshikuni kazuhiko Morii Michinori Yamamoto Department of Internal Medicine Center for Liver Diseases Kawasaki Hospital Kawasaki Medical SchoolOkayama Japan Department of Internal Medicine Himeji RedCross Hospital Himeji Japan Department of Internal Medicine Himeji Red Cross Hospital Himeji Japan Department of Radiology Himeji Red Cross Hospital Himeji Japan

A 78-year-old man with liver cirrhosis was found to have multiple hepatocellular carcinomas （HCCs） and underwent 3 sessions of transcatheter arterial chernoernbolization. Fourteen months after diagnosis, the patient presented with left herniparesis. Contrast- enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple metastases with ring-shaped enhancement in the cerebrum and cerebellum. There were no metastases to other organs. The metastatic lesions almost completely disappeared after whole-brain radiotherapy with a total dose of 50 Gy. Neurologic symptoms decreased, and the patient＇s quality of life improved. The patient underwent 2 more sessions of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Twelve months after the diagnosis of brain metastasis, the patient remains alive. The present case indicates that radiotherapy can improve quality of life and prolong survival in some patients with brain metastases from HCCs.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Brain metastasis Radiotherapy

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Influence of low dietary histamine on the seizure development of chemical kindling induced by pentylenetetrazol in rats

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2005年第4期26卷 423-427页

作者： Eiko SAKURAI Yoshinobu KISO kazuhiko YANAI Department of Pharmacology Tohoku University School of Medicine Sendai 980-8575 Japan Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310031 China Department of Pharmacologv School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310031 China Department of Pharmacology Tohoku University School of Medicine Sendai 980-8575 Japan

Aim:To determine the role of dietary low histamine on the seizure development ofpentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling in ***:After 14 d of feedingon a low histamine diet (LH,containing 0.145 μmol/g of histamine),the rats werechemically kindled by repeated intraperitoneal injection of a subconvulsant doseof PTZ (35 mg/kg) once every 48 h,and seizure activity of kindling was recordedfor 30 *** in brain samples was analyzed using a high performanceliquid chromatography system with a fluorescence ***:The LH diet induced an increase in seizure response (seizure susceptibility) to thefirst trial of PTZ,and resulted in facilitation of subsequent PTZ kindling process(seizure development).The histamine levels in the cortex,hippocampus,andhypothalamus of LH-treated rats decreased significantly and these changes cor-related well with seizure behavior (r=0.875,0.651,and 0.796,respectively).In addition,chronic kindled seizures resulted in a significant increase of the histamine contentin the cortex and hypothalamus in the LH-fed ***:These find-ings indicate that the histamine in daily food could influence the brain histaminer-gic function,and play an important role in regulating seizure susceptibility.

关键词： seizures pentylenetetrazol brain histamine diet

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Determination of Ring-OSF Position in Czochralski Silicon Single Crystals by Numerical Analysis of Distribution of Grown-in Defects

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Journal of Rare Earths 2006年第Z1期24卷 213-216页

作者： Sunao Abe Takahiro Terada Yasutada Nakagawa kazuhiko Kashima Silicon Company Toshiba Ceramics Co.Ltd. 6-861-5 Higashikou Seirou-machi Niigata 957-0197 Japan Corporate Manufacturing Engineering Center Toshiba Corp. 33 Shin-isogo Isogo-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 235-0017 Japan Corporate Manufacturing Engineering Center Toshiba Corp. 33 Shin-isogo Isogo-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 235-0017 Japan New Business Creation Division Toshiba Ceramics Co.Ltd. 1-6-3 Osaki Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0032 Japan

A numerical analysis technique that incorporates Voronkov's model were examined and used to estimate the distribution of defects during crystal growth. By comparisons of the distribution of the density of LSTD and the position of R-OSF in non-nitrogen-doped (non-N-doped) and nitrogen-doped (N-doped) silicon crystals, it is found that the results of the numerical analyses agree with practically evaluated data. The observations suggest that the R-OSF nucleus is a VO2 complex that is formed by bonds between oxygen atoms and residual vacancies consumed during the formation of void defects. This suggests that Voronkov's model can be used to accurately predict the generation and growth of defects in silicon crystals. This numerical analysis technique was also found to be an effective method of estimating the distribution of defects in silicon crystals during crystal growth.

关键词： computer simulation nucleation point defects volume defect semiconducting silicon

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Endoscopic Kyoto classification of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer risk diagnosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第5期26卷 466-477页

作者： Osamu Toyoshima Toshihiro Nishizawa kazuhiko Koike Department of Gastroenterology Toyoshima Endoscopy ClinicTokyo 157-0066Japan Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-8655Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology International University of Health and WelfareMita HospitalTokyo 108-8329Japan

Recent advances in endoscopic technology allow detailed observation of the gastric ***,endoscopy is used in the diagnosis of gastritis to determine the presence/absence of Helicobacter pylori(***)infection and evaluate gastric cancer *** 2013,the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society advocated the Kyoto classification,a new grading system for endoscopic *** Kyoto classification organized endoscopic findings related to *** *** Kyoto classification score is the sum of scores for five endoscopic findings(atrophy,intestinal metaplasia,enlarged folds,nodularity,and diffuse redness with or without regular arrangement of collecting venules)and ranges from 0 to ***,intestinal metaplasia,enlarged folds,and nodularity contribute to gastric cancer *** redness and regular arrangement of collecting venules are related to *** infection *** subjects without a history of *** eradication,the infection rates in those with Kyoto scores of 0,1,and≥2 were 1.5%,45%,and 82%,respectively.A Kyoto classification score of 0 indicates no *** infection.A Kyoto classification score of 2 or more indicates *** *** classification scores of patients with and without gastric cancer were 4.8 and 3.8,respectively.A Kyoto classification score of 4 or more might indicate gastric cancer risk.

关键词： Gastric cancer Helicobacter pylori Endoscopy Kyoto classification Atrophy Intestinal metaplasia Enlarged fold Nodularity Diffuse redness Regular arrangement of collecting venules

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