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Effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine: An in silico pharmacological model

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2020年第8期13卷 366-374页

作者： mila Nu Nu Htay Ian m Hastings Eva maria Hodel Katherine kay Liverpool School of Tropical medicine Liverpool L35QAUnited Kingdom Department of Community medicine Melaka-Manipal Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher Education(MAHE)MelakaMalaysia malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme BlantyreMalawi University of Liverpool Liverpool L693GFUnited Kingdom metrum Research group TariffvilleConnecticut06081United States of America

Objective:To explore the efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy(IPTp)with sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine(SP)against sensitive ***:A pharmacological model was used to investigate the effectiveness of the previous recommended at least two-dose regimen,currently recommended three-dose regimen and 4,6,8-weekly regimens with specific focus on the impact of various nonadherence patterns in multiple transmission ***:The effectiveness of the recommended three-dose regimen is high in all the transmission intensities,i.e.>99%,98%and 92%in low,moderate and high transmission intensities *** simulated 4 and 6 weekly IPTp-SP regimens were able to prevent new infections with sensitive parasites in almost all women(>99%)regardless of transmission ***,8 weekly interval dose schedules were found to have 71%and 86%protective efficacies in high and moderate transmission areas,*** highlights that patients are particularly vulnerable to acquiring new infections if IPTp-SP doses are ***:The pharmacological model predicts that full adherence to the currently recommended three-dose regimen should provide almost complete protection from malaria infection in moderate and high transmission ***,it also highlights that patients are particularly vulnerable to acquiring new infections if IPTp doses are spaced too widely or if doses are *** to the recommended IPTp-SP schedules is recommended.

关键词： Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine malaria infection in pregnancy Three-dose regimen In silico pharmacological model

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metformin-associated lactic acidosis:A mini review of pathophysiology,diagnosis and management in critically ill patients

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第6期15卷 1178-1186页

作者： kay.Choong See Department of medicine National University HospitalSingapore 119228Singapore

metformin is a common diabetes drug that may reduce lactate clearance by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation,leading to metforminassociated lactic acidosis(mALA).As diabetes mellitus is a common chronic metabolic condition found in critically ill patients,pre-existing metformin use can often be found in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit or the high dependency *** aim of this narrative mini review is therefore to update clinicians about mALA,and to provide a practical approach to its diagnosis and *** in critically ill patients may be suspected in a patient who has received metformin and who has a high anion gap metabolic acidosis,and confirmed when lactate exceeds 5 mmol/*** factors include those that reduce renal elimination of metformin(renal impairment from any cause,histamine-2 receptor antagonists,ribociclib)and excessive alcohol consumption(as ethanol oxidation consumes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides that are also required for lactate metabolism).Treatment of mALA involves immediate cessation of metformin,supportive management,treating other concurrent causes of lactic acidosis like sepsis,and treating any coexisting diabetic *** mALA requires extracorporeal removal of metformin with either intermittent hemodialysis or continuous kidney replacement *** optimal time to restart metformin has not been *** is nonetheless reasonable to first ensure that lactic acidosis has resolved,and then recheck the kidney function post-recovery from critical illness,ensuring that the estimated glomerular filtration rate is 30 mL/min/1.73 m^(2) or better before restarting metformin.

关键词： Acid-base equilibrium Biguanides Oxidative phosphorylation Pyruvic acid Renal replacement therapy

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Evaluating the Effect of Tillage on Carbon Sequestration Using the minimum Detectable Difference Concept

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Pedosphere 2008年第4期18卷 421-430页

作者： X. m. YANg C. F. DRURY m. m. WANDER B. D. kay Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Harrow Ontario N0R 1G0 (Canada). Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL61801 (USA) Department of Land Resources University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 (Canada)

Three long-term field trials in humid regions of Canada and the USA were used to evaluate the influence of soil depth and sample numbers on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in no-tillage (NT) and moldboard plow (mP) corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (glycine max L.) production systems. The first trial was conducted on a maryhill silt loam (Typic Hapludalf) at Elora, Ontario, Canada, the second on a Brookston clay loam (Typic Argiaquoll) at Woodslee, Ontario, Canada, and the third on a Thorp silt loam (Argiaquic Argialboll) at Urbana, Illinois, USA. No-tillage led to significantly higher SOC concentrations in the top 5 cm compared to mP at all 3 sites. However, NT resulted in significantly lower SOC in sub-surface soils as compared to mP at Woodslee (10-20 cm, P = 0.01) and Urbana (20-30 cm, P ge had significantly more SOC storage than mP at the Elora site (3.3 mg C ha-1) and at the Woodslee site (6.2 mg C ha-1) on an equivalent mass basis (1350 mg ha-1 soil equivalent mass). Similarly, NT had greater SOC storage than mP at the Urbana site (2.7 mg C ha-1) on an equivalent mass basis of 675 mg ha-1 soil. However, these differences disappeared when the entire plow layer was evaluated for both the Woodslee and Urbana sites as a result of the higher SOC concentrations in mP than in NT at depth. Using the minimum detectable difference technique, we observed that up to 1500 soil sample per tillage treatment comparison will have to be collected and analyzed for the Elora and Woodslee sites and over 40 soil samples per tillage treatment comparison for the Urbana to statistically separate significant differences in the SOC contents of sub-plow depth soils. Therefore, it is impracticable, and at the least prohibitively expensive, to detect tillage-induced differences in soil C beyond the plow layer in various soils.

关键词： carbon sequestration minimum detectable difference moldboard plow no-tillage soil depth

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Electro-acupuncture to prevent prolonged postoperative ileus:A randomized clinical trial

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2010年第1期16卷 104-111页

作者： m kay.garcia Joseph S Chiang Bob Thornton J Lynn Palmer Jennifer mcQuade Lorenzo Cohen Department of Anesthesiology and Pain medicine/Integrative medicine M.D.Anderson Cancer CenterThe University of Texas Department of Anesthesiology and Pain medicine M.D.Anderson Cancer CenterThe University of Texas Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation medicine M.D.Anderson Cancer CenterThe University of Texas Department of Behavioral Science M.D.Anderson Cancer CenterThe University of Texas Department of gI medical Oncology M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterThe University of Texas

AIm:To examine whether acupuncture can prevent prolonged postoperative ileus(PPOI)after intraperitoneal surgery for colon cancer. mETHODS:Ninety patients were recruited from the Fudan University Cancer Hospital,Shanghai,China. After surgery,patients were randomized to receive acupuncture(once daily,starting on postoperative day 1, for up to six consecutive days)or usual *** was defined as an inability to pass flatus or have a bowel movement by 96 h after *** main outcomes were time to first flatus,time to first bowel movement, and *** outcomes were quality of life(QOL)measures,including pain, nausea,insomnia,abdominal distension/fullness,and sense of well-being. RESULTS:No significant differences in PPOI on day 4 (P=0.71)or QOL measures were found between the *** were also no group differences when the data were analyzed by examining those whose PPOI had resolved by day 5(P=0.69)or day 6(P= 0.88).No adverse events related to acupuncture were reported. CONCLUSION:Acupuncture did not prevent PPOI andwas not useful for treating PPOI once it had developed in this population.

关键词： Acupuncture gastrointestinal motility gastrointestinal disorders gastrointestinal neoplasms

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Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS) Version 15

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 599-604页

作者： John W.Orchard Ebonie Rio kay.m.Crossley Jessica J.Orchard margo mountjoy School of Public Health University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia La Trobe Sport and Exercise medicine Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3083Australia Department of Family medicine McMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8Canada

Background:Sports medicine(injury and illnesses)requires distinct coding systems because the International Classification of Diseases is insuf-ficient for sports medicine *** Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System(OSIICS)is one of two sports medicine coding systems recommended by the International Olympic *** updates of coding systems are ***:For Version 15,updates for mental health conditions in athletes,sports cardiology,concussion sub-types,infectious diseases,and skin and eye conditions were considered particularly ***:Recommended codes were added from a recent International Olympic Committee consensus statement on mental health conditions in *** landmark sports cardiology papers were used to update a more comprehensive list of sports cardiology *** union protocols on head injury assessment were used to create additional concussion ***:It is planned that OSIICS Version 15 will be translated into multiple new languages in a timely fashion to facilitate international *** large number of recently published sport-specific and discipline-specific consensus statements on athlete surveillance warrant regular updating of OSIICS.

关键词： Sports cardiology Dermatology Eye injuries Concussion Infectious diseases Sports injury classification

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Identification of pathologic features associated with “ulcerative colitis-like” Crohn's disease

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 13139-13145页

作者： Samuel D James Paul E Wise Tania Zuluaga-Toro David A Schwartz m kay.Washington Chanjuan Shi Departments of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN 37232 United States Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery Washington University in St. Louis Gainesville MO 63130 United States Department of Pathology University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 United States Departments of gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN 37232 United States

AIm: To identify pathologic features associated with this “ulcerative colitis (UC)-like” subgroup of Crohn’s disease (CD).

关键词： Ulcerative colitis-like Crohn’ s disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn’ s colitis Inflammatory bowel disease

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Light Perception:A matter of Time

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molecular Plant 2020年第3期13卷 363-385页

作者： Sabrina E.Sanchez matias L.Rugnone Steve A.kay Department of Neurology Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

Optimizing the perception of external cues and regulating physiology accordingly help plants to cope with the constantly changing environmental conditions to which they are *** array of photoreceptors and intricate signaling pathways allow plants to convey the surrounding light information and synchronize an endogenous timekeeping system known as the circadian *** biological clock integrates multiple cues to modulate a myriad of downstream responses,timing them to occur at the best moment of the day and the ***,the mechanism underlying entrainment of the light-mediated clock is not *** review addresses known interactions between the light-signaling and circadian-clock networks,focusing on the role of light in clock entrainment and known molecular players in this process.

关键词： circadian clock light signaling Arabidopsis thaliana light entrainment photoreceptors signal integration

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Effects of far-off and close-up transition cow feeding on uterine health,postpartum anestrous interval,and reproductive outcomes in pasture-based dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 493-503页

作者： S.meier J.K.kay.B.Kuhn-Sherlock A.Heiser m.D.mitchell m.A.Crookenden m.Vailati Riboni J.J.Loor J.R.Roche DairyNZ Limited Private Bag 3221Hamilton 3240New Zealand AgResearch Hopkirk Research InstituteGrasslands Research CentrePalmerston North 4442New Zealand Centre for Children’s Health Research Queensland University of TechnologyLevel 662 Graham StreetSouth BrisbaneQueensland 4101Australia DairyNZ Limited c/o University of Auckland3A Symonds StAuckland 1010New Zealand Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbana 61801USA ministry for Primary Industries-manatūAhu matua Charles Ferguson TowerPipiteaWellington 6140New Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019Auckland 1142New Zealand

Background:In seasonal,pasture-based,dairy production systems,cows must recover from calving and become pregnant within two to 3 *** achieve this,the uterus must involute and ovulation must occur and continue at regular *** these processes are affected by the cows’nutritional or metabolic status post-calving,the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cow feeding strategies on uterine health,the length of postpartum anestrous interval,and reproductive *** treatments consisted of two feeding strategies during late-lactation and early dry period(far-off period;starting 4-month pre-calving)and three close-up dry period feeding regimes(1-month pre-calving)in a 2×3 factorial *** randomly assigned 150 cows to one of two far-off *** late lactation,the herds(n=75 cows per herd)were either control-fed(Controlfed)or over-fed(Overfed)to achieve a low or high body condition score(4-month pre-calving;BCS;~4.25 and^4.75;10-point scale)at cessation of *** each of these treatments,three feeding levels were applied during the close-up period(1-month pre-calving):~65%(Feed65),~90%(Feed90),or^120%(Feed120)of metabolizable energy(mE)intakes relative to pre-calving ***:Uterine health improved(***(PmN)cells declined)with increased feeding during the close-up period for cows in the Overfed *** reverse was evident for the Controlfed group with the greatest PmN at the highest intakes during the close-up *** postpartum anoestrous interval(PPAI)was shorter in cows from the Overfed group when moderately fed(Feed90)during the close-up period;in comparison,the PPAI was shorter in the Controlfed group,when those cows were overfed in the close-up period(Feed120).The cows in the Overfed treatment had greater conception and pregnancy rates if cows had moderate dry matter intakes(Feed90)during the close-up period;these reproductive variables were less under excessive feed inta

关键词： Close-up Dairy cows Far-off Reproduction Transition period

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Creating Prep to Play PRO for women playing elite Australian football:A how-to guide for developing injury-prevention programs

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第1期12卷 130-138页

作者： Andrea m.Bruder Alex Donaldson Andrea B.mosler Brooke E.Patterson melissa Haberfield Benjamin F.mentiplay Patrick Clifton Nicole D.Livingstone OAm kay.m.Crossley La Trobe Sport and Exercise medicine Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIA 3086Australia Australian IOC Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIA 3086Australia Centre for Sport and Social Impact La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIA 3086 Australia Australian Football League MelbourneVIA 3086Australia

Background:Developing context-specific,evidence-informed,and implementable injury-prevention programs is *** playing in the elite Australian Football League for Women are at high risk of serious knee injuries,and no specific injury-prevention program *** objective of the study was to describe the collaborative process used to create a context-specific injury-prevention ***:A previously used intervention-development process was modified to incorporate a partnership with the sport’s governing organization and focus on engaging program *** Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation and maintenance(RE-AIm)Sports Setting matrix guided program development and implementation ***:The 7-step process,aligned with the RE-AIm Sports Setting matrix,was applied to develop the injury-prevention program and was titled Prep to Play *** steps were:(Step 1)gaining organizational support and establishing a project partnership;(Step 2)using research evidence and clinical experience;(Step 3)consulting content and context experts;(Step 4)engaging the organization,experts,program implementers,and end-users to concreate the intervention and develop implementation strategies;(Step 5)testing the intervention acceptability and feasibility;(Step 6)evaluating the intervention and implementation strategies against theory;and(Step 7)obtaining feedback from early implementers and ***:Engaging critical stakeholders at multiple ecological levels(organization,team,and athlete)throughout program development and implementation planning support real-world *** processes and activities described can guide future sports injury-prevention program development and implementation.

关键词： Athletes Elite Female Knee Injuries Sport

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Lions, hyenas and mobs （oh my!）

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 313-322页

作者： Kenna D.S. LEHmANN Tracy m. mONTgOmERY Sarah m. mACLACHLAN Jenna m. PARKERC livia S. SPAgNUOLO Kelsey J. VANDEWETERINg Patrick S. BILLS kay.E. HOLEKAmP Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University 288 Farm Lane Room 203 East Lansing MI 48824 USA Ecology Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University 293 Farm Lane Room 103 East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Fish Wildlife and Conservation Biology Colorado State University 1474 Campus Delivery Fort Collins CO 80523 USA Conservation Ecology and Environmental Informatics School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Michigan 440 Church St. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Institute for Cyber Enabled Research Michigan State University Biomedical & Physical Sciences Building 567 Wilson Road Room 1440 East Lansing MI 48824 USA

Understanding the factors that facilitate the emergence of cooperation among organisms is central to the study of social evolution. Spotted hyenas Crocuta crocuta frequently cooperate to mob lions Panthera leo, approaching the lions as a tightknit group while vocalizing loudly in an attempt to overwhelm them and drive them away. Whereas cooperative mobbing behavior has been well documented in birds and some mammals, to our knowledge it has never been described during interactions between 2 apex predators. Using a 27-year dataset, we characterize lion-hyena encoun- ters, assess rates of mobbing behavior observed during these interactions, and inquire whether mobbing results in successful acquisition of food. Lions and hyenas interacted most often at fresh kills, especially as prey size and the number of hyenas present increased. Possession of food at the beginning of an interaction positively affected retention of that food by each predator species. The presence of male lions increased the probability of an interspecific interaction but decreased the likelihood of hyenas obtaining or retaining possession of the food. Hyena mobbing rates were highest at fresh kills, but lower when adult male lions were present. The occurrence of mobbing was predicted by an increase in the number of hyenas present. Whether or not mobbing resulted in acquisition of food from lions was predicted by an increase in the number of mobs formed by the hyenas present, suggesting that cooperation among hyenas enhances their fitness.

关键词： competition cooperation hyena lion mobbing sociality.

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