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Regenerative biomarkers for Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第8期14卷 1317-1320页

作者： Simon Guiraud kay E.Davies MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Genetics

Skeletal muscle has an extraordinary capacity to regenerate after injury and trauma. The muscle repair mechanism is a complex process orchestrated by multiple steps. In neuromuscular disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the pathological consequences of the lack of dystrophin and the loss of the dystrophin-associated protein complex are dramatic, with a progressive cascade of events, such as continual influx of inflammation, repeated cycles of degeneration and impaired regeneration. Thus, muscle regeneration is a hallmark of the disease and careful monitoring of regenerative processes with robust markers should provide useful information to the field. Since decades, several indices of regeneration such as centronucleation and fibre size have been commonly used. In the present review, we discuss the impaired regenerative process in DMD, the common and new indices of regeneration and their associated methodologies. We notably highlight the regenerative marker embryonic myosin as a robust indicator of muscle regeneration. We also describe new quantitative methodologies offering the possibility of using a panel of translational regenerative biomarkers to obtain a more complete view of the regeneration processes. Upregulation of utrophin, an autosomal and functional paralogue of dystrophin, is one of the most promising therapeutic strategies as it targets the primary cause of the disease and is applicable to all DMD patients regardless their genetic defects. As utrophin is a regeneration associated protein increased in dystrophic muscle, we discuss the correlation of utrophin levels after drug treatment with regeneration markers. The recent advances in technologies and complementary markers of muscle regeneration described in this review, provide an unprecedented opportunity to develop more robust utrophin DMD based strategies for all DMD patients.

关键词： DMD regeneration biomarkers utrophin embryonic myosin methodologies muscle repair degeneration

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On Some Families of Smooth Affine Spherical Varieties of Full Rank

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2018年第3期34卷 563-596页

作者： kay PAULUS Guido PEZZINI Bart VAN STEIRTEGHEM Department Mathematik FA U Erlangen-Niirnberg 91058 Erlangen Germany Dipartimento di Matematica 'Sapienza' Universith di Roma 00185 Roma Italy Department Mathematik FA U Erlangen-Niirnberg & Department of MathematicsMedgar Evers College-City University of New York Brooklyn New York 11225 USA

Let G be a complex connected reductive group. Losev has shown that a smooth affine spherical G-variety X is uniquely determined by its weight monoid, which is the set of irreducible representations of G that occur in the coordinate ring of X. In this paper we use a combinatorial characterization of the weight monoids of smooth affine spherical varieties to classify：（a） all such varieties for G = SL（2） × C~×and（b） all such varieties for G simple which have a G-saturated weight monoid of full rank. We also use the characterization and Knop＇s classification theorem for multiplicity free Hamiltonian manifolds to give a new proof of Woodward＇s result that every reflective Delzant polytope is the moment polytope of such a manifold.

关键词： Affine spherical variety weight monoid multiplicity free Hamiltonian manifold moment polytope

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Evaluation of Transmission Losses of Various Battery Electric Vehicles

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Automotive Innovation 2022年第4期5卷 388-399页

作者： Johannes Hengst Matthias Werra Ferit KüÇükay Institute of Automotive Engineering TU BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany

Transmission losses in battery electric vehicles have compared to internal combustion engine powertrains a larger share in the total energy consumption and play therefore a major ***,the power flows not only during propulsion through the transmissions,but also during recuperation,whereby efficiency improvements have a double *** investigation of transmission losses of electric vehicles thus plays a major *** this paper,three simulation models of the Institute of Automotive Engineering(the lossmap-based simulation model,the modular simulation model,and the 3D simulation model)are *** lossmap-based simulation model calculates transmission losses for electric and hybrid transmissions,where three spur gear transmission concepts for battery electric vehicles are *** transmission concepts include a single-speed transmission as a reference and two two-speed ***,the transmission lossmaps are integrated into the modular simulation model(backward simulation)and in the 3D simulation model(forward simulation),which improves the simulation *** modular simulation model calculates the optimal operation of the transmission concepts and the 3D simulation model represents the more realistic behavior of the transmission *** different transmission concepts are investigated in Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Cycle and evaluated in terms of transmission losses as well as the total energy *** map-based simulation model allows the transmission losses to be broken down into the individual component losses,thus allowing transmission concepts to be examined and evaluated in terms of their efficiency in the early development stage to develop optimum powertrains for electric axle *** considering transmission losses in detail with a high degree of accuracy,less efficient concepts can be eliminated at an early development *** a result,only relevant concepts are built as prototypes,which reduce

关键词： Battery electric vehicle(BEV) Transmission losses Efficiency analysis WLTC Backward simulation Forward simulation Energy consumption

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Diploidy in evolutionary algorithms for dynamic optimization problems A best-chromosome-wins dominance mechanism

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2015年第4期8卷 312-329页

作者： Boris Shabash kay C.Wiese School of Computing Science Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyCanada

Purpose–In this work,the authors show the performance of the proposed diploid scheme(a representation where each individual contains two genotypes)with respect to two dynamic optimization problems,while addressing drawbacks the authors have identified in previous works which compare diploid evolutionary algorithms(EAs)to standard *** paper aims to discuss this ***/methodology/approach–In the proposed diploid representation of EA,each individual possesses two copies of the *** order to convert this pair of genotypes to a single phenotype,each genotype is individually evaluated in relation to the fitness function and the best genotype is presented as the *** order to provide a fair and objective comparison,the authors make sure to compare populations which contain the same amount of genetic information,where the only difference is the arrangement and interpretation of the *** two representations are compared using two shifting fitness functions which change at regular intervals to displace the global optimum to a new ***–For small fitness landscapes the haploid(standard)and diploid algorithms perform comparably and are able to find the global optimum very ***,as the search space increases,rediscovering the global optimum becomes more difficult and the diploid algorithm outperforms the haploid algorithm with respect to how fast it relocates the new *** both algorithms use the same amount of genetic information,it is only fair to conclude it is the unique arrangement of the diploid algorithm that allows it to explore the search space ***/value–The diploid representation presented here is novel in that instead of adopting a dominance scheme for each allele(value)in the vector of values that is the genotype,dominance is adopted across the entire genotype in relation to its *** a result,this representation can be extended across any alphabet,for any optimization function.

关键词： Evolutionary computation Genetic algorithms Diploidy Dynamic optimization

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Hepatitis B virus reactivation during immunosuppressive therapy: Appropriate risk stratification

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第6期7卷 825-830页

作者： Wai-kay Seto Department of Medicine the University of Hong Kong Queen Mary Hospital Department of Medicine the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital State Key Laboratory for Liver Research the University of Hong Kong

Our understanding of hepatitis B virus(HBV) reactivation during immunosuppresive therapy has increased remarkably during recent years. HBV reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag)-positive individuals has been well-described in certain immunosuppressive regimens, including therapies containing corticosteroids, anthracyclines, rituximab, antibody to tumor necrosisfactor(anti-TNF) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT). HBV reactivation could also occur in HBs Ag-negative, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen(anti-HBc) positive individuals during therapies containing rituximab, anti-TNF or *** HBs Ag-positive patients, prophylactic antiviral therapy is proven to the effective in preventing HBV reactivation. Recent evidence also demonstrated entecavir to be more effective than lamivudine in this aspect. For HBs Ag-negative, antiHBc positive individuals, the risk of reactivations differs with the type of immunosuppression. For rituximab, a prospective study demonstrated the 2-year cumulative risk of reactivation to be 41.5%, but prospective data is still lacking for other immunosupressive regimes. The optimal management in preventing HBV reactivation would involve appropriate risk stratification for different immunosuppressive regimes in both HBs Ag-positive and HBs Ag-negative, anti-HBc positive individuals.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Antibody to hepatitis Bcore antigen Hepatitis B surface antigen Rituximab Antigen CD20 Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Antibody to tumor necrosis factor Occult

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Damage due to rolling in total knee replacement-The influence of tractive force

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Friction 2013年第2期1卷 178-185页

作者： Markus AWIMMER Lars BIRKEN kay SELLENSCHLOH Erich SCHNEIDER Section of Tribology Rush University Medical CenterChicagoIL 60612USA Section of Biomechanics Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburg21071Germany

The femoral condyles of a knee prosthesis articulate with a combination of rolling and sliding on the tibial polyethylene *** is known about potential polyethylene damage due to rolling *** rolling does not exclude the presence of tangential surface loads,this study sought to investigate the influence of tractive rolling on the wear of polyethylene.A“wheel-on-flat”apparatus,consisting of a metal wheel and a polyethylene flat,mimicked contact conditions present in total knee *** increasingly tractive force under conditions of pure rolling was *** was found that under rolling kinematics a tangential surface load of up to 17%of the normal load could be transferred through the *** damage was dependent on the amount of tractive force and appeared more severe with higher *** the region of highest tractive force,wear features were identified that resembled perpendicular ridges on surfaces of retrieved tibial polyethylene *** suggests that tractive rolling may be a relevant wear mode in total knee replacement.

关键词： polyethylene wear knee prosthesis tractive rolling

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Potential Antitumor Dendrimers: Synthesis and Characterizations of Rhenium(Ⅰ) and Cis-platin Containing Dendrimers

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复旦学报（自然科学版） 2005年第5期44卷 660-661页

作者： Chit-kay Chu NSSE/NIE/Nanyang Technological University Singapore

The chemistry of dendrimers is a fast developing field and has brought about a tsunami of research activity since Vogtle reported the first preparation in 1978. These hyperbranched macromolecules have grown out of chemists' imagination and have challenged synthetic chemists with their architectural complexity and intriguity. The potentials of these macromolecules are extensive and are synthesized using both organic and inorganic cores from which different scaffoldings are built, and upon which functionalities are attached for specific applications. The synthesis and characterizations of cisplatin and rhenium(Ⅰ) containing PAMAM derivatives will be discussed.

关键词：抗癌抗菌素合成方法铼结构表征

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Readability Formula for Chinese as a Second Language: An Exploratory Study

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Frontiers of Education in China 2019年第4期14卷 551-574页

作者： SOH kay cheng Singapore Center for Chinese Language Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 279623Singapore

Textbook writers,Chinese language teachers,and test designers need to ensure readability of the texts they use or intended to *** often resort to“expert judgements”based on professional experience rather than apply objective *** happens because there is a lack of suitable readability formulas like those established for ***,in the Singaporean context where Chinese language is taught at a lower level(referred to as a Second Language or Mother Tongue Language),readability formulas developed for Chinese as a First Language for use in,for example,the Chinese mainland and Taiwan,are not suitable for use in Singapore(and other places where Chinese is learned as a heritage language).The present study made use of extant Chinese language textbooks as the source of data and created three readability formulas for Chinese as a Second *** grade levels were then compared with the original grade levels of 100 selected texts at Primary 1 to Secondary 4 *** formula for the full text was found to be most effective when compared with the two for shorter versions of the *** was more accurate when applied to the texts for Primary 1-6 students than to the texts for Secondary 1-4 *** formula was found to be convenient to use as it entailed just three language features which could be easily hand-calculated,i.e.,the number of Chinese characters,the number of words,and the average sentence *** use and limitations of the formula are discussed.

关键词： Chinese language factor analysis language features multiple regression readability

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Developmental DNA methyltransferase expression in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 57-65页

作者： Sasha kay Daniel Skowronski Brendan G. Hunt Department of Entomology University of Georgia Griffin Georgia USA

DNA methylation is accomplished in animals by 2 classes of enzymes known as DNA methyltransferases, DNMT3 and DNMT 1, which perform de novo methylation and maintenance methylation, respectively. Several studies of hymenopteran eusocial insects suggest that DNA methylation is capable of influencing developmental plasticity. However, fundamental questions remain about the patterning of DNA methylation during the course of insect development. In this study, we performed quantitative real-time PCR （qPCR） on transcripts from the single-copy orthologs of DNMT1 and DNMT3 in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. In particular, we assessed the expression of S. invicta Dnmtl and Dnmt3 mRNA during 7 stages of worker development, among behaviorally distinct adults, and among male and female gonads. Dnmt3 was most highly expressed during embryonic development, whereas Dnmtl was similarly expressed throughout the course of develop- ment. Moreover, Dnmtl and Dnmt3 were highly expressed in testes and ovaries. Neither Dnmt was significantly differentially expressed among heads of behaviorally distinct adult castes. Our results support the hypothesis that extensive patterning of DNA methylation occurs during gametogenesis and embryogenesis in the insect order Hymenoptera.

关键词： DNA methylation epigenetics gene expression Hymenoptera qPCR Solenopsis invicta

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Highly Fuel-Efficient Transmission and Propulsion Concepts

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Automotive Innovation 2018年第1期1卷 35-42页

作者： Ferit Küçükay Andreas Lange Lin Li Institute of Automotive Engineering(IAE) Technische Universität Braunschweig38106 BraunschweigGermany

The integration of one or more electricmachines into the drivetrain has resulted inmany different powertrain concepts in recent years,ranging from the P2 hybrid to dedicated hybrid transmission(DHT).Two types of DHT with different characteristics are *** first type is the power split hybrid(PS-DHT),which has very low mechanical complexity but needs high electrical effort in the *** second type is multi-mode DHT(MM-DHT),which has a slightly higher mechanical complexity but much less electrical effort when compared with the PS-DHT.A transmission synthesis is used to determine the concept of the *** three different powertrain concepts(i.e.,P2,PS-DHT,and MM-DHT)are analyzed and evaluated regarding fuel economy and *** driving cycles(e.g.,Worldwide Harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure)and the 3D method(driver,driven vehicle,driving environs)are used to investigate the drivetrain in the context of real driving *** show that the two DHT concepts offer better fuel economy than the P2 hybrid drivetrain while still providing the same or even better driving *** study also shows that new hybrid concepts created with transmission synthesis can lead to further improvements in hybrid powertrains.

关键词： Dedicated hybridtransmission Three-dimensional method Drivetraindesign Fuel economy Drivingperformance

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