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采用随机试验确定何时监测新治疗方法的反应

英国医学杂志中文版 2008年第3期11卷 168-173页

作者： katy j l bell les Irwig jonathan C Craig Petra Macaskill 汪海波(译) Screening and Test Evaluation Program School of Public Health Edward Ford Building (A27) The University of Sydney NSW 2006 不详

监测治疗的初始反应在患者的临床管理中总是有帮助的吗？ katy bell和他的同事们建立了一个理论框架。

关键词：治疗方法监测治疗反应随机试验临床管理指标监测慢性病

Associations between health-related fitness and patient-reported symptoms in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 851-862页

作者： Ki-Yong An Fernanda Z.Arthuso Myriam Filion Spencer j.Allen Stephanie M.Ntoukas Gordon j.bell jessica McNeil Qinggang Wang Margaret l.McNeely jeff K.Vallance lin Yang S.Nicole Culos-Reed leanne Dickau john R.Mackey Christine M.Friedenreich Kerry S.Courneya Faculty of Kinesiology Sportand RecreationCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2H9Canada Department of Kinesiology School of Health and Human SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNC 27412USA Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Cancer Care AlbertaAlberta Health ServicesCalgary T2S 3C3Canada Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2H9Canada Faculty of Health Disciplines Athabasca UniversityAthabasca T9S 3A3Canada Department of Oncology Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgary T2N 4N1Canada Faculty of Kinesiology University of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4Canada Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2H9Canada

Background:Newly diagnosed breast cancer patients experience symptoms that may affect their quality of life,treatment outcomes,and *** and managing breast cancer-related symptoms soon after diagnosis is *** purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between health-related fitness(HRF)and patient-reported symptoms in newly diagnosed breast cancer ***:This study utilized baseline data from the Alberta Moving Beyond Breast Cancer Cohort Study that were collected within 90 days of *** measures included peak cardiopulmonary fitness(peak volume of oxygen consumption(VO_(2peak))),maximal muscular strength and endurance,flexibility,and body *** measures included depression,sleep quality,and *** multivariable logistic regression was performed for ***:Of 1458 participants,51.5%reported poor sleep quality,26.5%reported significant fatigue,and 10.4%reported moderate *** multivariable-adjusted models,lower relative VO_(2peak)was independently associated with a greater likelihood of all symptom measures,including moderate depression(pleep quality(p=0.009),significant fatigue(p=0.008),any symptom(pltiple symptoms(pld associations with all symptom measures such that all 3 lower quartiles exhibited similar elevated risk compared to the highest *** strength of the threshold associations varied by the symptom measure with odds ratios ranging from-1.5 for poor sleep quality to-3.0 for moderate depression and multiple ***,lower relative upper body muscular endurance was also independently associated with fatigue in a dose-response manner(p=0.001),and higher body weight was independently associated with poor sleep quality in an inverted U pattern(p=0.021).Conclusion:Relative VO_(2peak)appears to be a critical HRF component associated with multiple patient-reported symptoms in newly diag

关键词： Breast cancer Fatigue Depression Sleep quality Cardiorespiratory fitness

Soil Water Hysteresis at low Potential

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Pedosphere 2007年第4期17卷 436-444页

作者： l.PRUNTY j.bell Department of Soil Science North Dakota State University FargoND 58105 (USA)

Knowledge of the soil water characteristic curve is fundamental for understanding unsaturated *** objective of this work was to find scanning hysteresis loops of two fine textured soils at water potentials below wilting *** was done by equilibration over NaCl solutions with water potentials of-6.6 to-18.8 MPa at 25℃.When cycled repeatedly through a series of potentials in the range noted previously both soils exhibited a hysteresis *** experimental differences in water content between the drying and wetting soils at the same water potential were much too large to be accounted for by failure to allow sufficient time to attain equilibrium as predicted by the exponential decay *** wetting versus drying differences were relatively small,however,at only 4 mg g-1 or less in absolute terms and about 3% of the mean of wetting and drying,in relative *** should be a consideration when modeling biological and physical soil processes at water contents below the wilting point,where small differences in water content result in large potential energy changes.

关键词：吸附作用旱田生态平衡土壤水

RhoA/ROCK activation in major pelvic ganglion mediates caspase-3 dependent nitrergic neuronal apoptosis following cavernous nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第4期12卷 572-573页

作者： Michael bell Nikolai A. Sopko Hotaka Matsui johanna l. Hannan Trinity j. Bivalacqua The james Buchannan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

Severe erectile dysfunction （ED） remains a significant side effect among men following surgical intervention for treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer, despite development of nerve-sparing techniques （Weyne et al., 2015a; Sopko and Burnett, 2016）. The type of axonal injury due to prostatectomy is a classic peripheral neuropathy with an acute inflammatory phase that leads to Wallerian degeneration of the canvernous nerve （CN）, which can be followed by a regenerative phase characterized by enhanced neu- rotrophic factor activation and reduction in neuroinflam- mation （Weyne et al., 2015b）.

关键词： ROCK MPG CNI

Insensitivity of a turbulent laser-plasma dynamo to initial conditions

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2022年第4期7卷 50-64页

作者： A.F.A.Bott l.Chen P.Tzeferacos C.A.j.Palmer A.R.bell R.Bingham A.Birkel D.H.Froula j.Katz M.W.Kunz C.-K.li H-S.Park R.Petrasso j.S.Ross B.Reville D.Ryu F.H.Séguin T.G.White A.A.Schekochihin D.Q.lamb G.Gregori Department of Physics University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom Department of Astrophysical Sciences University of PrincetonPrincetonNew Jersey 08544USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of RochesterRochesterNew York 14627USA laboratory for laser Energetics University of RochesterRochesterNew York 14623USA School of Mathematics and Physics Queens University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom Rutherford Appleton laboratory ChiltonDidcotUnited Kingdom Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowUnited Kingdom Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA lawrence livermore National laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik HeidelbergGermany Department of Physics School of Natural SciencesUNISTUlsanSouth Korea Department of Physics University of NevadaRenoNevada 89557USA Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of ChicagoChicagoIllinois 60637USA

It has recently been demonstrated experimentally that a turbulent plasma created by the collision of two inhomogeneous,asymmetric,weakly magnetized,laser-produced plasma jets can generate strong stochastic magnetic fields via the small-scale turbulent dynamo mechanism,provided the magnetic Reynolds number of the plasma is sufficiently *** this paper,we compare such a plasma with one arising from two pre-magnetized plasma jets whose creation is identical save for the addition of a strong external magnetic field imposed by a pulsed magnetic field *** investigate the differences between the two turbulent systems using a Thomson-scattering diagnostic,x-ray selfemission imaging,and proton *** Thomson-scattering spectra and x-ray images suggest that the external magnetic field has a limited effect on the plasma dynamics in the *** the external magnetic field induces collimation of the flows in the colliding plasma jets and although the initial strengths of the magnetic fields arising from the interaction between the colliding jets are significantly larger as a result of the external field,the energies and morphologies of the stochastic magnetic fields post-amplification are *** conclude that,for turbulent laser-plasmas with supercritical magnetic Reynolds numbers,the dynamo-amplified magnetic fields are determined by the turbulent dynamics rather than the seed fields or modest changes in the initial flow dynamics of the plasma,a finding consistent with theoretical expectations and simulations of turbulent dynamos.

关键词： turbulent initial stochastic

Non-interferometric photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy

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light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 753-760页

作者： Parsin Hajireza Wei Shi Kevan bell Robert j Paproski Roger j Zemp Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaT6G 2V4 Canada IllumiSonics Inc.5205-38A Ave.N.W.EdmontonAlbertaT6L 2J4Canada

Elasto-optical refractive index modulation due to photoacoustic initial pressure transients produced significant reflection of a probe beam when the absorbing interface had an appreciable refractive index *** effect was harnessed in a new form of non-contact optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy called photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy.A noninterferometric system architecture with a low-coherence probe beam precludes detection of surface oscillations and other phase-modulation *** probe beam was confocal with a scanned excitation beam to ensure detection of initial pressure-induced intensity reflections at the subsurface origin where pressures are *** studies confirmed signal dependence on optical absorption,index contrast and excitation *** vivo imaging of superficial microvasculature and melanoma tumors was demonstrated with~2.7±0.5μm lateral resolution.

关键词： all optical medical imaging optical resolution photoacoustic remote sensing

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON THE IMPACT OF NITROGEN DEPOSITION ON GlOBAl GRASSlANDS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第3期9卷 425-444页

作者： Carly j.STEVENS Sofía BASTO Michael Dbell Tianxiang HAO Kevin KIRKMAN Raul OCHOA-HUESO lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK Unidad de Ecologia y Sistematica Departamento de BiologiaFacultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad JaverianaCarrera 7 No.43-82 Ed.Jesus Emilio Ramirez(53)BogotaColombia National Park Service Air Resources DivisionLakewoodCO 80235USA Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and RemediationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China School of life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban4041South Africa Departamento de Biologia-IVAGRO Universidad de CadizCampus Rio San Pedro11510 Puerto RealSpain Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology(NIOO-KNAW)P.O.Box 506700 ABWageningenthe Netherlands

Grasslands are globally-important ecosystems providing critical ecosystem *** species composition and characteristics of grasslands vary considerably across the planet with a wide variety of different grasslands ***,in many regions grasslands have been impacted by atmospheric nitrogen deposition originating from anthropogenic activities with effects on productivity,species composition and diversity widely *** vary across grassland habitats but many show declines in species richness and increases in biomass production related to soil eutrophication and *** a continental level,there is considerable variation in the research effort that has been put into understanding the impacts of nitrogen *** Europe,North America and parts of Asia,although there are unanswered research questions,there is a good understanding of N deposition impacts in most grassland *** is not the case in other regions with large knowledge gaps in some parts of the *** paper reviews the impacts of N deposition on grasslands around the world,highlighting recent advances and areas where research is still needed.

关键词： acidification biomass production critical load eutrophication species composition species richness

Choledocholithiasis: Evolving standards for diagnosis and management

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3162-3167页

作者： Marilee l Freitas Robert l bell Andrew j Duffy Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine 40 Temple StreetSuite 3 ANew HavenCT 06510United States

胆石病，导致外科的干预的最普通的医药条件之一，在美国影响成年人口的约 10 % 。胆总管石病与胆囊石头在大约病人的 10%-20% 发展，文学建议至少经历胆囊炎的病人的 3%-10% 将有胆总管(CBD ) 石头。CBD 石头可以外科手术前地， intrao... 详细信息

胆石病，导致外科的干预的最普通的医药条件之一，在美国影响成年人口的约 10 % 。胆总管石病与胆囊石头在大约病人的 10%-20% 发展，文学建议至少经历胆囊炎的病人的 3%-10% 将有胆总管(CBD ) 石头。CBD 石头可以外科手术前地， intraoperatively 或手术后地被发现多重形式为包括实验室测试，超声，计算断层摄影术扫描(CT ) ，和磁性的回声 cholangiopancreatography (MRCP ) 为胆总管石病估计病人是可得到的。Intraoperative 胆管造影术能习惯性地或有选择地在胆囊炎期间被使用诊断 CBD 石头。为 CBD 石头的最普通的干预是 ERCP。另外的通常使用的干预包括 intraoperative 胆汁管探索，任何一个 laparoscopic 或 open。经皮， transhepatic 石头移动胆汁的清理的另外的新奇技术被设计了。与这些技术灵巧的设备和有技能的专业人员的可获得性在机构之中变化。预定干预被临床的状况经常支配。

关键词：总胆管造口术诊断方法腹腔镜胆管造影

Update on obesity surgery

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3196-3203页

作者： Dan Eisenberg Andrew j Duffy Robert l bell Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine 40 Temple St. Suite 3A New HavenCT 06510United States

在美国的肥胖的流行到达了流行比例。与超过 3000 万个美国人一起临床上肥胖，更年轻的人口也被影响了。外科的治疗应该被提供给对非外科的治疗倔强的严重地肥胖的病人，为严重肥胖在胃肠的外科上由 1991 NIH 一致会议建立了。外科当前... 详细信息

在美国的肥胖的流行到达了流行比例。与超过 3000 万个美国人一起临床上肥胖，更年轻的人口也被影响了。外科的治疗应该被提供给对非外科的治疗倔强的严重地肥胖的病人，为严重肥胖在胃肠的外科上由 1991 NIH 一致会议建立了。外科当前是为重量损失的最有效的治疗。它比任何另外的治疗形式更加有效，以重量损失的数量并且以在维持重量损失的耐久性。

关键词：肥胖手术治疗临床病理机制