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Exploring attendance at emergency departments for children with non-urgent conditions in Turkey: a qualitative study of parents and healthcare staff perspectives

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2022年第2期2卷 50-60页

作者： Ahmet Butun Fiona Lynn Jennifer McGaughey katrina mclaughlin Mark Linden Faculty of Health Sciences Mardin Artuklu UniversityKampus YerleskesiArtuklu/MardinTurkey School of Nursing and Midwifery Queen’s University BelfastMedical Biology CentreBelfastNorthern Ireland School of Psychology Queen’s University BelfastDavid Keir BuildingBelfastNorthern Ireland

Background:Overcrowding in Emergency Departments(EDs)is a significant global concern with negative consequences for patients,healthcare staff,and healthcare *** use of EDs by parents of children with non-urgent conditions is associated with overcrowding,higher healthcare costs,lower quality of care,and longer waiting *** in this area has largely been conducted in high-income countries,with a dearth of work originating in middle and low-income *** aim of this study was to explore the reasons for parents attending EDs with their child for non-urgent conditions in ***:Semi-structuredinterviews wereconductedwith 13parents,15 EDstaff,and10GeneralPractitioners(GPs)in2 regions of Turkey between March and May *** were analyzed using the principles of grounded ***:The findings were classified into 5 core categories:(1)parents’feelings,knowledge,and perceived inability to provide self-care;(2)perceived limitationsofhealthcare services,system,and staff;(3)parents’preferencesforhospital andED services;(4)adverse impact on ED services;and(5)perceived needs for ***:This is the first study conducted in a middle-income country regarding parental reasons for using the ED for non-urgent *** efforts must be made to reduce unnecessary visits to the ED to better meet service user needs and to increase the satisfaction of both parents and healthcare *** findings of this study may inform healthcare providers,policymakers,healthcare staff,and researchers to design interventions in order to mitigate overcrowding in the ED.

关键词： Emergency departments Healthcare staff experiences Non-urgent Overcrowding Parent experiences Qualitative research

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Measurement and quantification of caking in excipients and food products with emphasis on the non-homogeneous interaction with ambient moisture

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Particuology 2021年第3期19卷 75-83页

作者： katrina Brockbank Brian Armstrong Jamie Clayton Freeman Technology Ltd 1 Miller CourtSevern DriveTewkesburyGloucestershireGL208DNUK

Whilst caking occurs via several different mechanisms,absorption and migration of moisture is frequently the most dominant mechanism within the food and pharmaceutical *** understanding the propensity to cake is important for minimising down-stream process issues,however most characterisation techniques assume that moisture induced caking occurs homogenously through the sample resulting in a uniformly caked powder *** this study,the effect of moisture induced caking on powder flowability was investigated using powder *** materials,including skimmed milk powder(SMP)and sulphated methyl ester(SME)were stored for several days under controlled humidity *** flow energies,a measure of the resistance to flow,were measured at 24 h intervals using an FT4 Powder *** the energy is measured as a function of the bed height,variations in the powder bed are also *** results demonstrated that caking does not always occur uniformly,instead a caked region(or crust)forms at the air-powder interface and then progresses through the powder ***,the strength of this caked region was shown to increase over several days before stabilising.

关键词： Powder Caking Crust formation Powder rheometry Relative humidity

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Behavioral and physiological flexibility are used by birds to manage energy and support investment in the early stages of reproduction

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Current Zoology 2010年第6期56卷 767-792页

作者： Franois VZINA katrina G. SALVANTE Département de Biologie chimie et géographieGroupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORASUniversité du Québec à Rimouski Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University

Interest in phenotypic flexibility has increased dramatically over the last decade, but flexibility during reproduction has received relatively little attention from avian scientists, despite its possible impact on fitness. Because most avian species maintain atrophied reproductive organs when not active, reproduction in birds requires major tissue remodeling in preparation for breeding. Females undergo rapid （days） recrudescence and regression of their reproductive organs at each breeding attempt, while males grow their organs ahead of time at a much slower rate （weeks） and may maintain them at maximal size throughout the breeding season. Reproduction is associated with significant metabolic costs. Egg production leads to a 22%-27% increase in resting metabolic rate （RMR） over non-reproductive values. This is partly due to the activity of the oviduct, an organ that may allow females to adjust reproductive investment by modulating egg size and quality. In males, gonadal recrudescence may lead to a 30% increase in RMR, but the data are inconsistent and general conclusions regarding energetic costs of reproduction in males will require more research. Recent studies on captive female zebra finches describe the impacts of these costs on daily energy budgets and highlight the strategies used by birds to maintain their investment in reproduction when energy is limited. Whenever possible, birds use behavioral flexibility as a first means of saving energy. Decreasing locomotor activity saves energy during challenges such as egg production or exposure to cold temperatures and is an efficient way to buffer variation in individual daily energy budgets. However, when behavioral flexibility is not possible, birds must rely on flexibility at the physiological level to meet energy demands. In zebra finches breeding in the cold, this results in a reduced pace of laying, likely due to down-regulation of both reproductive and non-reproductive function, allowing females to defend mini

关键词： Phenotypic plasticity Phenotypic flexibility BMR Energy budget Organ Egg size Physiological tradeoff Fitness

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Photocatalytic degradation of Chicago Sky Blue 6B and Benzopurpurin 4B using titanium dioxide thin film

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第5期17卷 869-872页

作者： Abdul K. Mohammed katrina T. McKenzie Department of Chemistry Winston-Salem State UniversityDepartment of Chemistry North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University 601 S. Martin Luther King Jr. Drive Winston-Salem North Carolina 27110 USA1601 E. Market Street Greensboro North Carolina 27411 USA

Aqueous solutions of azo dyes undergo degradation to form harmless intermediates and colorless products following irradiation by visible light in the presence of titanium dioxide thin films. The dyes that were studied in this work are： Chicago Sky Blue 6B and Benzopurpurin 4B. Results obtained indicated that complete mineralization of the dyes took place under the experimental conditions. There was an increase in conductivity after the complete mineralization experiments possibly indicating the formation of ions such as NO3^- and SO4^2-. Chemical oxygen demand（COD） measurements show a decrease in organic matter for both dyes following complete degradation. The effect of how changing experimental conditions such as pH, temperature and starting concentrations of dyes affected the rate of dye degradation was measured. There was an increase in the rate of disappearance of the dye color at lower pH. High concentrations of dye solutions reauired Iona dearadation time.

关键词： titanium dioxide photocatalysis photocatalytic degradation azo dyes

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DOCK8 regulates signal transduction events to control immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第5期14卷 406-411页

作者： Conor J Kearney katrina L Randall Jane Oliaro Immune Defence Laboratory Cancer Immunology Division The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre East Melbourne Victoria 3002 Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease The John Curtin School of Medical Research Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia Australian National University Medical School Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory 2605 Australia

Genetic mutations in the gene encoding DOCK8 cause an autosomal recessive form of hyper immunoglobulin E syndrome （AR-HIES）, referred to as DOCK8 deficiency. DOCK8 deficiency in humans results in the onset of combined immunodeficiency disease （CID）, clinically associated with chronic infections with diverse microbial pathogens, and a predisposition to malignancy. It is now becoming clear that DOCK8 regulates the function of diverse immune cell sub-types, particularly lymphocytes, to drive both innate and adaptive immune responses. Early studies demonstrated that DOCK8 is required for lymphocyte survival, migration and immune synapse formation, which translates to poor pathogen control in the absence of DOCK8. However, more recent advances have pointed to a crucial role for DOCK8 in regulating the signal transduction events that control transcriptional activity, cytokine production and functional polarization of immune cells. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of DOCK8 function, paying particular attention to an emerging role as a signaling intermediate to promote immune responses to diverse external stimuli.

关键词： DOCK8 immunodeficiency lymphocytes NK Cells signal transduction

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The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in fish swimming

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Current Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 475-488页

作者： Christopher E. OUFIERO katrina R. WHITLOW Department of Biological Sciences Towson University Towson MD 21252 USA

Fish have a remarkable amount of variation in their swimming performance, from within species dif- ferences to diversity among major taxonomic groups. Fish swimming is a complex, integrative phenotype and has the ability to plastically respond to a myriad of environmental changes. The plasticity of fish swimming has been observed on whole-organismal traits such as burst speed or critical swimming speed, as well as underlying phenotypes such as muscle fiber types, kinematics, cardiovascular system, and neuronal processes. Whether the plastic responses of fish swimming are beneficial seems to depend on the environmental variable that is changing. For example, because of the effects of temperature on biochemical processes, alterations of fish swimming in response to tem- perature do not seem to be beneficial. In contrast, changes in fish swimming in response to variation in flow may benefit the fish to maintain position in the water column. In this paper, we examine how this plasticity in fish swimming might evolve, focusing on environmental variables that have received the most attention： temperature, habitat, dissolved oxygen, and carbon dioxide variation. Using examples from previous research, we highlight many of the ways fish swimming can plastic- ally respond to environmental variation and discuss potential avenues of future research aimed at understanding how plasticity of fish swimming might evolve. We consider the direct and indirect ef- fects of environmental variation on swimming performance, including changes in swimming kine- matics and suborganismal traits thought to predict swimming performance. We also discuss the role of the evolution of plasticity in shaping macroevolutionary patterns of diversity in fish swimming.

关键词： environmental variation evolution fish phenotypic plasticity swimming kinematics swimming performance.

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Receptor-like kinases and receptor-like proteins： keys to pathogen recognition and defense signaling in plant innate immunity

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Frontiers in Biology 2012年第2期7卷 155-166页

作者： Xin YANG Fengyang DENG katrina M. RAMONELL Department of Biological Sciences The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA College of Life Sciences Northwest A＆F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China

Plants have evolved multiple layers of defense against various pathogens in the environment. Receptor-like kinases/proteins （RLKs/RLPs） are on the front lines of the battle between plants and pathogens since they are present at the plasma membrane and perceive signature molecules from either the invading pathogen or damaged plant tissue. With a few notable exceptions, most RLKs/RLPs are positive regulators of plant innate immunity. In this review, we summarize recently discovered RLKs/RLPs that are involved in plant defense responses against various classes of pathogens, We also describe what is currently known about the mechanisms of RLK-mediated initiation of signaling via protein-protein interactions and phosphorylation.

关键词： receptor-like kinases (RLKs) receptor-like proteins (RLPs) biotrophic fungi necrotrophic fungi bacterial pathogens

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The influence of roller compaction processing variables on the rheological properties of granules

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第4期11卷 516-527页

作者： Tim Freeman Harmut Vom Bey Michael Hanish katrina Brockbank Brian Armstrong Freeman Technology 1Miller CourtTewkesburyGloucestershireGL503RPUK Gerteis Maschinen+Processengineering AG Stampfstrasse748645Jona SGSwitzerland

This study is part of an ongoing project to enable the full specification of the Design Space for roller compactor systems and shows how the processing parameters influence the behaviour of the product granulate from a placebo formulation. Granulate was produced using a proprietary roller compactor by varying the compaction pressure and gap width,and the dynamic, bulk and shear properties of the resultant granulates were *** results demonstrate several rheological properties of the granulate, which have been shown to be closely correlated with variance in die filling and tablet strength, and are predictably influenced by the processing parameters.

关键词： Dry granulation Roller compaction Powder rheology

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Digital Equity and School Leadership in a Post-Digital World

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ECNU Review of Education 2024年第3期7卷 762-783页

作者： katrina Liu Rebecca Tschinkel Richard Miller University of Nevada Las Vegas

Purpose:This study analyzes digital equity realities in U.S.K-12 schools and the role that school leadership plays in digital ***/Approach/Methods:Based on Selwyn's conception of technology as three interlocking elements(access,educational practices,and social context),we applied the ideals of equity and social justice to each of the three elements to conceptualize a framework of digital equity,situating school practice in the larger social,cultural,and political context of the United *** by this framework,we conducted a systematic literature review of the current state of digital equity and school leadership in K-12 ***:The findings demonstrate that U.S.K-12 schools face digital inequity issues,including inequitable access to technology,exclusionary and punitive educational practices using technology,and an unjust social context for technology in *** findings indicate that school leadership plays an important role in digital ***:Based on these findings,we present a framework to assist K-12 leaders in enhancing digital equity,including addressing educational inequities and creating an inclusive social context for the school,ensuring equitable accessibility to technology in schools,and supporting teachers in developing meaningful and equitable practices using technology to address the opportunity gaps encountered by marginalized learners.

关键词： Critical Race Theory digital equity K-12 schools school leadership technology integration

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Sources of transcription variation in Plasmodium falciparum

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第10期49卷 965-974页

作者： Lindsey B.Turnbull katrina A.Button-Simons Nestor Agbayani Michael T.Ferdig Department of Pediatrics Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA Department of Biological Sciences Eck Institute for Global HealthUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN 46556USA Rush School of Medicine ChicagoIL 60612USA

Variation in transcript abundance can contribute to both short-term environmental response and long-term evolutionary *** studies are designed to assess differences in mean transcription levels and do not consider other potentially important and confounding sources of transcriptional *** quantification of variation sources will improve our ability to detect and identify the mechanisms that contribute to genome-wide transcription changes that underpin adaptive *** quantify innate levels of expression variation,we measured m RNA levels for more than 5000 genes in the malaria parasite,Plasmodium falciparum,among clones derived from two parasite strains across biologically and experimentally replicated *** a mixed effects model,we partitioned the total variation among four sources—between strain,within strain,environmental batch effects,and stochastic *** found 646 genes with significant variation attributable to at least one of these *** genes were categorized by their predominant variation source and further examined using gene ontology enrichment analysis to associate function with each source of *** with environmental batch effect and within strain transcript variation may contribute to phenotypic plasticity,while genes with between strain variation may contribute to adaptive responses and processes that lead to parasite strain-specific survival under varied conditions.

关键词： Expression variation Malaria Transcription Cloning Microarray

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